A large-diameter, radio frequency (RF) plasma source with an inner diameter of 53.8cm has been developed to evaluate high densification and the feasibility of such sources. This plasma source has a low aspect ratio with the source length shorter than the diameter. To evaluate the feasibility and plasma characteristics of this low-aspect-ratio device, preliminary measurements of plasma parameters, the electron energy probability function, and optical emission spectra were performed. The dependences on the RF input power and external magnetic field conditions suggest that inductively coupled plasma can be generated in the source. The results also indicate that suitable operational conditions for high-density plasma generation exist, which are related to the helicon wave dispersion relation under the available magnetic field strength.

• The combined experimental–theoretical framework elucidate olanzapine and risperidone's solid-state behavior. • Dispersion-corrected DFT accurately reproduces experimental crystal structures. • Crystal lattice dynamics provide a solid-state basis for drug stability. • Low-frequency lattice modes govern thermal behavior of olanzapine and risperidone. • Hydrogen-bond topology controls lattice thermodynamics in both drugs. Olanzapine and risperidone are widely used antipsychotics whose solid-state properties are governed by crystal packing and low-energy lattice dynamics. Here, we combine powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and infrared/Raman spectroscopy with dispersion-inclusive periodic density functional theory (DFT) and density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) calculations to establish a consistent vibrational, phonon, and thermodynamic description of their crystalline forms. Bulk structure optimizations performed at LDA, GGA-PBE, and GGA+TS levels support the importance of van der Waals interactions for accurate molecular-crystal geometries, while simulated IR/Raman spectra enable mode assignments based on phonon eigenvectors across three spectral windows (0–900, 900–1800, and 2750–3250 cm −1 ). Phonon dispersion relations are computed along selected high-symmetry directions, with emphasis on the 0–100 cm −1 region to highlight lattice modes most relevant to thermal behavior. From the phonon spectrum, we derive temperature-dependent thermodynamic functions, including Debye temperature ΘD(T), constant-volume heat capacity CV(T), vibrational enthalpy Hvib(T), Helmholtz free energy Fvib(T), and the entropic contribution TSvib(T) over 0–1000 K. The results reveal systematic differences between olanzapine and risperidone consistent with distinct low-frequency mode distributions and vibrational phase space, providing a microscopic basis for comparative thermal trends. Risperidone exhibits a higher density of low-frequency lattice modes and, consequently, larger phonon-derived entropic and heat-capacity responses than olanzapine across the investigated temperature range. Overall, this study delivers an integrated experimental–theoretical framework that advances solid-form identification, packing-sensitive vibrational fingerprinting, and phonon-based thermodynamic interpretation in pharmaceutical molecular crystals.

This study investigates wave dispersion characteristics of graphene-reinforced conductive adhesive functionally graded piezoelectric sandwich panels supported by Kerr substrates. The displacement field is formulated using sinusoidal shear deformation theory, and the equations of motion are derived by combining Hamilton's principle with nonlocal strain gradient theory. The wave dispersion relations for porous functionally graded piezoelectric sandwich panels are solved numerically. The results indicate that scale effects exert distinct influences on frequency and phase velocity. Pore volume fraction and functional gradient exponent affect frequency and phase velocity through different mechanisms. Environmental loading, electrical loading, Kerr substrate parameters, graphene density, and geometric dimensions also exhibit clear and independent effects on wave propagation frequency. These results provide theoretical support for the design and application of piezoelectric smart aggregates in damage monitoring of hydraulic concrete structures.

Convolution, a cornerstone of signal processing and optical neural networks, has traditionally been implemented by mapping mathematical operations onto complex hardware. Here, we overcome this challenge by revealing that wave dynamics in translation-symmetric lattices intrinsically performs convolution, with the dispersion relation uniquely defining the complex-valued kernel. Leveraging this universal principle, we develop a convolutional architecture of minimal complexity through wave evolution in programmable photonic synthetic lattices, delivering high-throughput, multifunctional capabilities at a rate of 13.5 tera-operations per second (TOPS) for image processing. Beyond convolution acceleration, the kernel's complex nature facilitates the photonic simulation of both irreversible diffusion and reversible unitary quantum dynamics under classical incoherent excitation. Capitalizing on the physics-based reversibility and undetectable phase information, we demonstrate a convolution-driven optical encryption strategy. This work establishes a unified perspective for photonic computing by grounding convolution in wave dynamics, opening avenues toward scalable, multifunctional photonic processors with high integration potential.

Within condensed matter physics and materials science, the synergistic effect of band engineering and phonon engineering can greatly enhance the thermoelectric performance of functional materials. In this study, we focus on the gradient engineering in a LaP/LaAs heterostructure and systematically investigate its structure, lattice dynamics, and thermoelectric properties through first-principles calculations. The interface modulation of the heterostructure changes the phonon dispersion curves, leading to the collective vibrational behavior of the low-frequency optical branches and their strong coupling with the acoustic branches. The strong hybridization of La-d and P/As-p orbitals changes the band dispersion relation, and the spin-orbit coupling induces orbital rearrangement at the band edges, resulting in quasi-reversed band dispersion characteristics, which optimizes the carrier transport channel and improves the mobility and conductivity of the carriers. These combined effects lead to a significant improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, in the optimized LaP/LaAs heterostructure; the value reaches a maximum of 0.69 along the a-axis at 900 K and 0.56 along the c-axis. This study demonstrates the application potential of gradient engineering in the LaP/LaAs heterostructure, which overcomes the inherent limitations of traditional thermoelectric materials and provides a novel approach for optimizing thermoelectric performance.

The structural, thermal, electrical transport, and magnetic properties of ternary compounds BaT2P2(T=Ru, Pd) are reported together with electronic structure calculations. Our results show that BaRu2P2crystallises in the layered tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type structure (space groupI4/mmm) whereas BaPd2P2adopts the primitive tetragonal CeMg2Si2-type structure (space groupP4/mmm). The combined experimental results and electronic structure calculations suggest metallic and diamagnetic ground states for both materials. Electrical transport measurements further indicate non-Fermi liquid behaviour at low temperatures. Notably, BaRu2P2exhibits an anomalous feature in the magnetic susceptibility atT∼260K, similar to that observed in BaRu2As2. A comparison between the bare density of states obtained from electronic structure calculations and the experimentally estimated values suggests the presence of strong correlation effects in the material. Furthermore, the heat capacity of BaPd2P2, calculated using the full phonon dispersion relation, is in good agreement with the experimental data, particularly at low temperatures, highlighting the significant contribution of optical phonon branches toCpin this temperature range.

In this study, a high-order stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (SNLSE) with weak non-local nonlinearity in a non-Kerr law medium is investigated. This model describes the propagation of solitons in nonlinear optical fibers under stochastic effects and higher-order nonlinear interactions. To obtain analytical solutions, a wave transformation together with symbolic computations and the modified extended mapping method (MEMM) is employed. As a result, various exact wave solutions are derived, including bright, dark, singular, periodic, and rational-type solitons. A rigorous linear stability analysis is performed using perturbation theory and dispersion relation analysis, demonstrating that the obtained solutions are linearly stable under small perturbations. The graphical behavior of the solutions under different parameter settings is also presented to illustrate the dynamical characteristics of the model. The results confirm the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method in handling high-order stochastic nonlinear Schrödinger-type equations.

We examine the low-lying collective quasiparticle modes of a mixture of flattened infinite-pancake Bose-Einstein condensates having dipolar and non-dipolar atomic species. The dipolar atomic species have permanent magnetic dipolar moments. We employ Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory to investigate the distinct axial collective spectra at zero and finite temperatures corresponding to phase separation phenomena stemming from the dipole-dipole interaction of dipolar atomic species. When the dipolar interaction is tuned to be repulsive, the number of zero-energy axial modes decreases, reflecting the system's tendency towards mixing. For a large number of atoms per unit area, we show that the attractive (repulsive) dipolar interaction strengths lead to ground states with non-dipolar (dipolar) atomic species at the periphery, and this leads to a discontinuity in quasiparticle mode evolution. We finally reveal that miscibility driven by thermal fluctuations at finite temperatures exhibits dipole mode hardening of axial excitations, confirmed by the loss of long-range phase coherence through the correlation function. The mode mixing in the dispersion relations ascertains a dipolar strength-dependent miscibility transition and the low-lying quasiparticle mode evolution.

Dispersion relation and velocity characteristics of pendulum-type and rotational waves in 2D discrete blocky rock masses

Ghost inflation is a well-known framework in which cosmological fluctuations can generate enhanced primordial non-Gaussianity, typically of the equilateral type. In its original form, however, it is in tension with current observational constraints. Here we instead consider a setup in which a standard inflaton drives the background evolution, while excitations of a ghost condensate act as spectator fields that interact with the inflaton. This proposal fits naturally within the cosmological collider program: the exchanged particle has a modified dispersion relation, ω ∝ k 2. We show that this ghost-inspired dynamics weakens the usual Boltzmann suppression, similarly to models with a very small effective sound speed, yieldingan enhanced bispectrum signal relative to standard cosmological collider scenarios. At the same time, the horizon-crossing scale remains a free parameter of the theory. As a result, the model shares features of both the de Sitter bootstrap and boostlessframeworks. Finally, we derive the differential equations governing cosmological correlators in the ghost-collider setup. Their structure reflects the quadratic momentum dependence of the dispersion relation and distinguishes this scenario fromconventional relativistic cases.

Due to their attenuation zone characteristics, underground periodic barriers such as row piles used to isolate surface wave propagation in soil have been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, most existing studies have been conducted in single-phase or saturated soils, while investigations in unsaturated soils remain scarce. Among the limited work in unsaturated soils, periodic in-filled trench barriers have been primarily investigated for surface wave isolation, whereas periodic pile barriers have mostly been applied to bulk wave isolation. To fill this gap, this study systematically investigates the effect of periodic pile barriers in unsaturated soil to attenuate surface waves. By establishing a three-dimensional finite-element model, the complex dispersion relations of a periodic pile barrier in unsaturated soil for surface waves are solved, and the attenuation mechanism of the barrier is uncovered. Two surface wave attenuation zones, in the frequency ranges of 44.5–54 and 60–70 Hz, are observed for the periodic pile barrier considered in this study. Subsequently, the performance of periodic pile barriers in mitigating surface wave propagation is studied through both frequency and time domain analyses. Finally, a detailed discussion is carried out on the impacts of a few important parameters of unsaturated soil on the attenuation zone and isolation effect of this wave barrier. It is discovered that the change of saturation has a significant influence on the results and that the surface waves would be isolated over the whole frequency range when the intrinsic permeability is within a certain range. This research offers a new perspective on the control of surface wave propagation by periodic pile barriers.

Dirac cones and topological torsional modes in phononic nanowires using Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model.

This paper investigates a physics-based hybrid machine learning method that integrates the transfer matrix method (TMM) with a feedforward neural network (FNN) (referred to as TMM-FNN) for analyzing the frequency band structures and band-gaps of Love-Bishop (LB) elastic wave propagation in a graphene origami-enabled phononic crystal (PnC). The PnC consists of periodically repeated unit-cells, each composed of two distinct sections: a pure solid section and a graphene origami-reinforced section. A modified micromechanical model is adopted to estimate the effective properties of the graphene origami-reinforced section. The hyperparameters of the proposed TMM-FNN are optimized to predict the rapid and accurate frequency dispersion curves, as well as both partial and complete band-gaps. Continuity conditions at layer interfaces, together with the Bloch–Floquet periodicity conditions, are enforced to derive the dispersion relations in terms of Bloch wave numbers. The capability and high performance of the proposed TMM-FNN method are demonstrated in predicting both low- and high-frequency band structures. The effects of key parameters on partial and complete frequency band-gaps are investigated in detail using the predicted frequency band structures over a wide frequency range. Compared with existing classical methods, the proposed TMM-FNN achieves high accuracy at a lower computational cost (lower processing time).

Magnetoelastic coupling in amorphous metals: a powerful approach for teaching resonance and sensing

This study carefully investigates the structural, electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermodynamic features of A2AgIrCl6 compounds (A = Cs, Rb, K) that belong to double perovskite halides (DPH) utilizing density functional theory (DFT). The stability of the predicted compounds in the cubic structure was confirmed through calculations involving the Goldschmidt tolerance factor, octahedral factor, and the new tolerance factor. Analysis of formation enthalpy, binding energy, phonon dispersion relations, and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) results suggests thermodynamic and dynamic stability, indicating possible synthetic viability that should be verified experimentally. To predict the accurate optoelectronic properties, we employed the Tran and Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential. The electronic band structure study demonstrated that the studied halides exhibit direct band gap semiconductor with band gap values of 1.43 eV, 1.50 eV, and 1.55 eV for Cs2AgIrCl6, Rb2AgIrCl6, and K2AgIrCl6, respectively. The relatively low electron effective masses suggest favorable carrier transport characteristics. In addition, the calculated exciton binding energies and exciton radii indicate a tendency toward efficient generation of free charge carriers. The optical investigation further demonstrated that the A2AgIrCl6 compounds exhibit low reflectivity and high absorption coefficients (on the order of 105 cm−1) in the visible region, highlighting their potential for optoelectronic applications. The computed elastic constants fulfill the Born–Huang criteria, confirming mechanical stability, while further analysis indicates ductile and anisotropic behavior. Overall, the calculated results suggest that the A2AgIrCl6 compounds exhibit promising optoelectronic descriptors favorable for further experimental and device-oriented evaluation.

This work investigates dispersive optical solitons governed by a perturbed cubic-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with parabolic self-phase modulation, a model of direct relevance to high-capacity fiber-optic systems where simultaneous higher-order dispersion and nonlinear perturbations shape pulse dynamics. The model is physically motivated by fibers with intensity-dependent refractive index profiles, where the interplay between fourth-order chromatic dispersion and parabolic (cubic-quintic) nonlinearity generates wave structures that the standard Kerr approximation cannot capture. To extract exact traveling-wave solutions, we employ the improved modified extended tanh-function method (IMETFM), which is selected for its ability to handle multi-parameter auxiliary equations and yield a wider diversity of solution families than classical expansion methods such as the tanh-function or [Formula: see text]-expansion approaches, without requiring the integrability of the underlying system. Our analysis produces five families of exact solutions: bright solitons, dark solitons, exponential-type solutions, singular periodic waves, and solutions expressed in terms of Weierstrass elliptic functions. For each family, explicit existence conditions and free-parameter restrictions are stated. The parametric constraints governing solution validity are derived and physically interpreted in terms of the dispersion, nonlinearity, and perturbation coefficients. Graphical representations of the spatial and temporal profiles illustrate the distinct propagation features of each solution type. A linear stability analysis, conducted via perturbation theory, yields an explicit eigenvalue dispersion relation and identifies a critical wavenumber threshold at which modulational instability sets in. The stability criteria provide actionable guidelines for maintaining soliton integrity under weak disturbances in practical optical environments. The results have direct implications for optical fiber communications, ultrafast signal processing, and dispersion-engineered photonic waveguides. The novelty lies in the simultaneous treatment of the parabolic law nonlinearity, fourth-order dispersion, and perturbative effects within a unified algebraic framework, yielding solution families including Weierstrass elliptic solutions that have not previously been reported for this model. Future work will address numerical validation, extension to stochastic and variable-coefficient models, and higher-dimensional soliton dynamics.

In this work, the wave solutions of the generalized (3+1)-dimensional P-type equation, a significant model for describing the evolution of waves in plasma physics, are investigated. The modified extended mapping method (MEMM) is applied as an effective analytical tool to get these solutions. Through the use of this method, a large variety of exact solutions is successfully derived, including Jacobi elliptic function solutions, bright and dark solitons, singular solitons, exponential forms, and singular periodic waveforms solutions. These solutions provide additional insight into the complex dynamics of the used equation. Furthermore, a linear stability analysis is performed to examine the stability of the steady-state solutions. The dispersion relation shows that the perturbation growth rate is purely imaginary for generic parameters, indicating neutral stability and the absence of modulation instability. Moreover, graphical representations of some of the solutions are given in order to disclose their physical behavior and better understand the corresponding wave phenomena.

Spinel chalcogenides of the type CaX₂Se₄ (X = Mn, V) represent a class of transition-metal compounds in which magnetic ordering, electronic structure, and lattice dynamics are strongly interrelated, making them attractive for spin-dependent transport and thermoelectric applications. In particular, the coexistence of partially filled transition-metal 3d states and chalcogen p states provides a favorable platform for exchange-driven spin polarization and tunable carrier transport. In this study, a comprehensive first-principles investigation based on density functional theory is carried out to examine the structural stability and magnetic ground state along with the electronic structure elastic response lattice vibrations optical characteristics and thermoelectric behavior of CaMn₂Se₄ and CaV₂Se₄. The calculated negative formation enthalpies together with the absence of imaginary phonon modes confirm both thermodynamic and dynamical stability. Total-energy analysis identifies the ferromagnetic phase as the ground state for both systems. The spin-resolved electronic band structures indicate half-metallic behavior, characterized by a metallic majority-spin channel and minority-spin band gaps of 2.44eV for CaMn₂Se₄ and 2.05eV for CaV₂Se₄. The computed elastic constants satisfy the mechanical stability criteria for cubic crystals and indicate a ductile mechanical response. Within the constant relaxation time approximation, n-type transport calculations predict large Seebeck coefficients and enhanced thermoelectric performance at elevated temperatures up to 800K. Optical analysis further reveals strong dielectric polarization and pronounced absorption extending from the visible to the ultraviolet region. Collectively, these results establish CaMn₂Se₄ and CaV₂Se₄ as stable, spin-polarized chalcogenide spinels with coupled magnetic, transport, and optical functionalities. All calculations are performed within the framework of density functional theory using the WIEN2k package, which implements the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. Structural optimization is carried out using the generalized gradient approximation in the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof form for the exchange-correlation functional. To achieve an improved description of the electronic structure and band gaps, the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential is employed. The valence states are treated semi-relativistically, while the core states are treated fully relativistically. Spin-orbit coupling is neglected after test calculations confirm its negligible influence on the electronic structure near the Fermi level. The plane-wave cutoff parameter is set to 8.0, and appropriate muffin-tin radii are chosen for Ca, Mn/V, and Se atoms. Brillouin-zone integrations are performed using a Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh corresponding to a 10 × 10 × 10 grid for self-consistent calculations, and the total energy is converged to 1 × 10⁻5 Ry. Spin-dependent thermoelectric transport coefficients are calculated using the BoltzTraP code within the semi-classical Boltzmann transport formalism under the constant relaxation time approximation. Dense k-point sampling is employed to ensure convergence of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and the electronic contribution to thermal conductivity. Phonon dispersion relations are computed using density functional perturbation theory as implemented in the Quantum ESPRESSO package. The exchange-correlation effects in the lattice-dynamical calculations are treated within the generalized gradient approximation to maintain methodological consistency. Interatomic force constants are obtained using a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell in combination with a 3 × 3 × 3 q-point mesh to accurately describe lattice vibrations and assess dynamical stability.

{We shed light on the propagation and dissipation of torsional Alfv\'en waves and fast magnetoacoustic torsional waves in solar tornadoes. The efficiency of the plasma viscosity and magnetic diffusivity in the context of energy transfer is highlighted in various layers of the solar atmosphere inline with the increase and decrease of their phase speeds due to the nature of tornadoes.} {Solar tornadoes created by equilibrium magnetic twist and plasma rotation are studied analytically by implementing the resistive magnetohydrodynamic theory in cylindrical geometry. The dispersion relations are obtained for the dependence of the frequency and phases speeds of torsional oscillations on the wave number. The dispersion relations obtained by the second order thin flux tube approximation enables considering damping effects connected with magnetic diffusivity and plasma viscosity. The damping is not a stand alone scenario, as they are influenced by the magnetic twist and plasma rotation in addition to plasma-$\beta$ conditions.} {The efficiency of damping due to magnetic diffusivity is enhanced by stronger equilibrium twisted magnetic fields. The torsional fast magnetoacoustic wave is more subject to dispersion in the zero-plasma-$\beta$ limit in the presence of diffusive and viscous effects. The dispersion due to magnetic diffusivity is enhanced by the plasma-$\beta$. The presence of plasma viscosity enhances the efficiency of the plasma-$\beta$ regarding dispersion effects. The damping of torsional fast magnetoacoustic waves in solar tornadoes due to magnetic duffusivity is proportional to the equilibrium magnetic twist for both photospheric and coronal conditions. The efficiency of damping is more pronounced in photospheric conditions. The damping due to magnetic diffusivity is significantly enhanced in the presence of plasma viscosity. The viscosity has a stronger damping effect in lower plasma-$\beta$ conditions. In photospheric conditions, the equilibrium magnetic twist is less effective in comparison to coronal conditions when both magnetic diffusivity and plasma viscosity are present. As damping is affected by resistance, various modes dissipate subject to atmospheric conditions providing a sustainable heating mechanism in the solar atmosphere.} {The model provides a theoretical basis for development of MHD seismology of solar tornadoes.}

We propose a theoretical framework based on ideal dispersion to achieve broadband perfect absorption in thin-film structures with alternating lossy and dielectric layers. Using the Airy formula, the ideal dispersion relation of the lossy material required for perfect absorption is analytically derived, providing explicit guidance for material selection and layer-thickness design. Thin-film absorbers designed and fabricated for the visible and near-infrared bands exhibit average absorptances exceeding 0.97, in agreement with theoretical predictions. This framework is extendable to other spectral ranges, offering a reliable route toward high-performance, customizable optical absorbers.