Dispatch Services Research Articles

Внедрение процессного подхода в целях повышения уровня экономической безопасности транспортного предприятия

The economic security of an economic entity presupposes the existence of competitive advantages due to the correspondence of the financial and personnel potentials and organizational structure of the enterprise to its strategic goals and objectives. The article substantiates the feasibility of applying the process approach and proposes a business process for the interaction of the dispatch and forwarding services as a priority regulated process to increase the level of economic security of a transport enterprise.

Emergency medical dispatch services across Pan-Asian countries: a web-based survey

BackgroundDispatch services (DS’s) form an integral part of emergency medical service (EMS) systems. The role of a dispatcher has also evolved into a crucial link in patient care delivery, particularly in dispatcher assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (DACPR) during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Yet, there has been a paucity of research into the emerging area of dispatch science in Asia. This paper compares the characteristics of DS’s, and state of implementation of DACPR within the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes (PAROS) network.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive survey addressing population characteristics, DS structures and levels of service, state of DACPR implementation (including protocols and quality improvement programs) among PAROS DS’s.Results9 DS’s responded, representing a total of 23 dispatch centres from 9 countries that serve over 80 million people. Most PAROS DS’s operate a tiered dispatch response, have implemented medical oversight, and tend to be staffed by dispatchers with a predominantly medical background. Almost all PAROS DS’s have begun tracking key EMS indicators. 77.8% (n = 7) of PAROS DS’s have introduced DACPR. Of the DS’s that have rolled out DACPR, 71.4% (n = 5) provided instructions in over one language. All DS’s that implemented DACPR and provided feedback to dispatchers offered feedback on missed OHCA recognition. The majority of DS’s (83.3%; n = 5) that offered DACPR and provided feedback to dispatchers also implemented corrective feedback, while 66.7% (n = 4) offered positive feedback. Compression-only CPR was the standard instruction for PAROS DS’s. OHCA recognition sensitivity varied widely in PAROS DS’s, ranging from 32.6% (95% CI: 29.9–35.5%) to 79.2% (95% CI: 72.9–84.4%). Median time to first compression ranged from 120 s to 220 s.ConclusionsWe found notable variations in characteristics and state of DACPR implementation between PAROS DS’s. These findings will lay the groundwork for future DS and DACPR studies in the PAROS network.

Methodology for the organization and design of dispatch services

Security and stable socio-economic development of any country depends on the effectiveness of the mechanism for prompt response to emerging threats. Complex of software and hardware "System 112" is designed for automated processing of emergency calls to a single number "112". The design of unified dispatch services (UDS) allows to apply theoretical knowledge to solve urgent practical problems. It is proposed to design the UDS service for mastering the competencies of the educational standard in two stages. Namely, to make preliminary planning and preliminary estimation of the amount of equipment required to deploy the service. Further, the performance indicators of the UDS are evaluated, taking into account the possibility of routing part of the traffic to the dedicated emergency services.

Nformation system for dispatcherization of territorial municipal electric transport

The paper deals with the topical problem of the large cities development – to improve the quality of ser-vice for the population by electric municipal transport and to solve this problem by informatization of the management system. Currently, various information systems are widely used to support the work of dispatch services. The paper provides an overview of such systems. It is shown that dispatchers are pro-vided with real-time data on the technical condition and position of transport units on the route. Thus, the main means of ensuring the high-quality work of urban transport by dispatch services is the drawing up of traffic schedules based on some statistical data and heuristics, monitoring the implementation of this schedule and making decisions based on these data. At the same time, data on the current value of passenger traffic are not known and are not taken into account. Passenger traffic is a value of a complex nature, the current value of which may differ significantly from the provided traffic schedule. The paper provides data of model studies on real data (for Kharkiv city). It is shown that in large cities the proba-bility of denied boarding can be critically high even with small deviations in occupying and intervals from the provided values by the traffic schedule. The concept of an information system is proposed, which in real time visualizes on the dispatcher’s screen not only the position, but also the degree of loading of transport units on the route. It is proposed to determine the occupancy rate of the vehicle by the power consumed by the electric motors while driving. The fundamental possibility of such approach is shown on the example of simple model. It is indicated how this model can be improved as well. It is essential for the practical implementation of the system that modern trams are equipped with all the necessary devices: a speedometer, an inclinometer, a wattmeter and GPS sensors. The basic principles of building the architecture of such an information system are given. The current data of the devices is read and sent to the server for processing. The processed data is divided into two streams. One stream is intended for online visualization of the situation on the routes on the dispatcher’s monitor. Another stream is data that is transferred to the repository for storage and further processing.

Proposals for Improving the Professional Training of Specialists of the Unified Duty Dispatch Services in Order to Increase the Effectiveness of the Functioning of the Emergency Service

Proposals for Improving the Professional Training of Specialists of the Unified Duty Dispatch Services in Order to Increase the Effectiveness of the Functioning of the Emergency Service

ПРОГРАММНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ПАКЕТНЫХ РАДИОСЕТЕЙ КВ-ДИАПАЗОНА

It is noted that the complexity and constant variability of the ionosphere structure, the presence of many factors affecting the propagation of radio waves in such an environment, as well as the complex topology of communication networks lead to the need the computer modeling of data transmission in HF-band networks. The existing models of representation of ionospheric processes and digital radio channels are described. It is shown that to solve the problems of designing a radio data transmission network, complex modeling is necessary, taking into account the network topology, signal propagation losses in the radio channel, noise level, type of digital modulation, and radio forecast of communication conditions. In this paper, we consider a modeling complex for packet radio networks of HF-band data transmission with changing communication conditions. The complex consists of a set of interacting models implemented in the Matlab software environment. The software model for predicting communication conditions complies with ITU-R recommendation P. 533–13 of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The description of the model for the "Point-to-point" and "Area" modes is given and the results of its application for calculating extended radio lines are shown. The initial data and system parameters of the model are described. A model of the HF-band digital radio channel is presented. The communications System Toolbox package, which is part of the Matlab software environment, is used for this modeling. The model's input and output data are described. A model of Ionospheric Wave Frequency Dispatcher service of the radio network has been developed. This model is intended for building a wave schedule for stable operation of HF radio lines in the network. The rules for building a two-frequency and multi-frequency wave schedule are described. A scheme for modeling the operation of a packet radio network under changing communication conditions is proposed. The complex allows you to evaluate the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of radio lines and zonal radio coverage depending on geographical coordinates, time, month, solar activity and selected system parameters for a period of up to one year. Examples of using the modeling complex are given. The purpose of this work is to formulate the problem of simulation of HF radio networks under changing communication conditions.

THE CALCULATION OF THE BARYCENTER AS A CRITERION FOR DETERMINING THE LOCATION OF THE AMBULANCE OPERATIONAL BASE

ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis to determine the location of the operational base of the ambulance dispatch service by applying the barycenter calculation, using as an object of study the Emergency Medical Assistance Service - SAMU. The research was performed by the quantitative modeling method, through an applied research, so that the results could be used to solve the following problem: How to determine the location of an operational base according to service history? Thus, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of Operational Research, through the barycenter calculation method as a tool to determine the best location of the operational base. To this end, we analyzed the history of 19,711 calls made from 2010 to 2016, using the software “R-Studio” for a quantitative treatment, which resulted in the proposition of a viable and reliable solution to the problem, validating the method proposed.

Problem of Location of Taxi Ranks and Taxi Dispatch Service Operations in Moscow

The article considers the technological aspects of organization of passenger and baggage transportation by taxi cabs in megacities, referring particularly to the practices of a number of countries.The authors analyze l e g a l regulation and technological development of taxi services in Moscow metropolitan area, including the current system for organizing the work of passenger taxi dispatch services taking into account centralization of information flows in a single city system.An analysis of methods for planning placement of taxi ranks shows that outdated approaches are used to solve that problem without using modern information and communication technologies. In this regard, the methodological foundations of planning the organization of taxi ranks based on geoinformation data in the city of Moscow are proposed.The studies and analysis made it possible to determine relevance and feasibility of existing and justification for planning of new taxi ranks, taking into account the requirements for rationality of location of taxi ranks from the point of view of ensuring a small walking distance for passengers, as well as reducing time of car delivery. The proposed method using accurate coordinates transmitted by the largest taxi dispatch service companies into the Unified Regional Navigation and Information System of the city of Moscow allows to implement these requirements.

Social Standing of the Anesthesiologist Dispatch Service and Anesthesiologists：Current Status and Future Prospects

Social Standing of the Anesthesiologist Dispatch Service and Anesthesiologists：Current Status and Future Prospects

Analysis Study of the “Arts Value Matrix” through Artistic Intervention in Organization: basis of Artist Dispatch Service

Analysis Study of the “Arts Value Matrix” through Artistic Intervention in Organization: basis of Artist Dispatch Service

Multiple-criteria decision analysis for cross-country gas pipelines

The paper considers the shortand medium-term planning problems of the regimes of multi-line technical gas pipeline corridors (MLGP) of Russian gas supply system. The fall in gas production due to the depletion of the gas fields leads to a decrease in the load of some operating MLGPs. At the same time, there is a redundancy of production capacities at compressor stations (CS). It becomes possible to use various technological schemes for incorporating CS with lines "pass by" in order to reduce the cost of gas pumping. The solution of the optimization task for the search for MLGP regimes in a one-criterion (minimum of the energy cost) formulation leads to frequent equipment switching. That is unacceptable. Therefore, it is advisable to proceed to multi-criteria statements, formalizing and introducing as criteria the requirements for the stability of technological schemes for switching on equipment, which are usually respected by the dispatch services. The purpose of this article is the development and testing of mathematical models and a computer program to support the adoption of dispatch solutions for managing modes of large MLGPs under conditions of incomplete loading. The solution method is demonstrated by the example of a three-line MLGP. The choice of optimal control is carried out using dynamic programming methods. In order to improve the quality of the choice of control actions, an algorithm is suggested that takes into account the stochastic nature of the loading of the MLGP.

Analysis of the factors limiting reperfusion therapy in patients with ischemic strokes

Introduction. Systemic thrombolytic therapy with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only reperfusion method available to most primary vascular units which allows significantly improving the functional prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. Objective. To analyze the main determinants limiting reperfusion therapy administration in a subsidized region with demographic aging of the population, and to develop and scientifically justify the ways of their elimination. Materials and methods. We analyzed the data of the ambulance station in Smolensk electronic archive accounting for 17,143 phone requests for medical aid for patients with strokes, the data from the annual report of the neurological department for patients with acute cerebrovascular accident of the Clinical emergency care hospital, and 200 clinical records of patients diagnosed with acute stroke that were delivered to the in-patient facility by emergency medical service (EMS) teams in the period of the therapeutic window and who did not receive reperfusion therapy. The operative work of the dispatcher service, the efficiency of the mobile teams work, the structure of time losses during the call service, and the distribution of patients by the time period before the admission to a hospital depending on the way of admission and the remoteness of the zone of responsibility from the primary vascular surgery department were assessed. Results. It was found that statistically significant differences in time period before admission to a hospital of patients with ischemic strokes depend on the admission way and, in the case of arrival by the EMC, do not depend on the distance of the delivery area. The low efficiency of the mobile teams is due to the imperfection of call processing by dispatchers and the lack of a systematic approach and a single algorithm aimed for diagnosing and providing emergency assistance to the medical personnel of EMS teams. The main non-regulating factors for abandoning systemic administration of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with ischemic strokes delivered to the hospital in the period of the therapeutic window are mild neurological symptoms, the age over 80 years and poly-morbidity of patients. Conclusion. It is necessary to adopt a series of measures aimed at advancing the efficiency of the EMS teams and rising awareness within the general public in order to reduce mortality of patients with ischemic strokes through increasing frequency of reperfusion therapy administration.

Enhancing the dispatchability of distribution networks through utility-scale batteries and flexible demand

In this paper, the problem of dispatching the operation of a distribution feeder comprising a set of heterogeneous resources is investigated. The main objective is to track a power trajectory, called the dispatch plan, which is computed the day before the beginning of operation. In this paper, we propose a method to optimally compute the dispatch plan so as to optimize the operation of the feeder while making sure to allocate enough local reserves to absorb deviations of the realizations. Indeed, during real-time operation, due to the stochasticity of part of the resources in the feeder portfolio, tracking errors need to be absorbed in order to track the committed dispatch plan. This is achieved by modulating the power consumption of a utility-scale battery energy storage system and of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system of a commercial controllable building. To this end, a hierarchical controller is designed to coordinate these two controllable entities while requiring a minimal communication infrastructure. Due to the inherent different response times of these systems, the power injection of the electrical battery is controlled at a sub-minute time-scale so as to absorb high-frequency tracking errors and, therefore, deliver the dispatch service. At a slower time-scale, the controllable building is controlled to maintain the state of charge for the electrical battery at a scheduled level by means of a model predictive controller. The model predictive controller is designed in order to account for both comfort and operational constraints of the controllable building, as well as power limits for the electrical storage.The effectiveness of the proposed control framework is demonstrated by means of both an extensive simulation analysis, as well as a set of 12 full day experimental results on the 20 kV distribution feeder in the campus of the Swiss institute of technology in Lausanne, that is comprised of: 1) A set of uncontrollable resources represented by five office buildings (350 kWp) and a roof-top photovoltaic installation (90 kWp), 2) a set of controllable resources, namely, a grid-connected electrical storage (720 kVA–500 kWh), and a fully-occupied multi-zone office building (45 kWp).

Probabilistic models reliability of information and control systems

The paper deal with devoting the problem of reliability prediction and modeling the functioning process of information and control systems (ICS), which are described by the Markov random process. The methodology of the study consist in considering ICS as Markov systems. Modeling the functioning process of information and control systems will increase authenticity and reliability of information from the ICS, as well as improve the efficiency of its work. As an example, the mathematical model of the functioning the computer system of the dispatch service is constructed in the paper. Mathematical modeling was conducted in the environment of MathCad. Mathematical modeling allows determining the average number of steps before system moves into the absorbing state. Taking into account the length of stay the system in each condition allows determining the average life of the system until the full failure. The development of model and technology for calculating the characteristics of stochastic systems allows investigating a wide class of such systems and determining optimal maintenance operation term in order to ensure reliability and reduce the waste on downtime.

Development of cleaning methods complex of industrial gas pipelines based on the analysis of their hydraulic efficiency

The majority of gas and gas condensate fields of Ukraine are developed by pressure depletion, which makes it possible to stabilize production only in conditions of low working pressures at the wellhead. In turn, the working pressure values significantly depend on the pressure at the inlet to the gas gathering stations and pressure loss in the gas gathering and transportation process. Consequently, their reduction will lead to an increase in natural gas production from depleted fields. The main idea of the work is to offer continuous monitoring of the gas gathering system in order to detect changes in the thermobaric operation mode. Such changes can signal the high probability of liquid accumulation, which will produce additional friction. The results of monitoring changes in pressure, temperature, dew points and natural gas composition allow carrying out their complex analysis and evaluating the possibility of liquid mass formation in certain areas of the gas pipeline system with an acceptable accuracy, which at once excludes a more detailed recording of their presence by means of instrument equipment and human resources, as well as reduces the time of non-response to a problem. The works may be fully executed by the operations technician or the dispatch service. After detecting potentially hazardous places, they are analyzed for confirmation of the presence of liquid and the decision to clean them with one of the proposed methods is made. This approach will be very interesting to large international companies, since natural gas reserves are constantly exhausted, and withdrawal of the remaining gas from depleted fields is an attractive target for producing companies. In addition, the use of simple pigging methods based on the analysis of the hydraulic efficiency of pipelines can significantly reduce both time and material resources.

Modeling work of the dispatching service of high-rise building as queuing system

The article presents the results of calculating the performance indicators of the dispatcher service of a high-rise building as a queuing system with an unlimited queue. The calculation was carried out for three models: with a single control room and brigade of service, with a single control room and a specialized service, with several dispatch centers and specialized services. The aim of the work was to investigate the influence of the structural scheme of the organization of the dispatcher service of a high-rise building on the amount of operating costs and the time of processing and fulfilling applications. The problems of high-rise construction and their impact on the complication of exploitation are analyzed. The composition of exploitation activities of high-rise buildings is analyzed. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to review the role of dispatch services in the structure of management of the quality of buildings. Dispatching service from the lower level of management of individual engineering systems becomes the main link in the centralized automated management of the exploitation of high-rise buildings. With the transition to market relations, the criterion of profitability at the organization of the dispatching service becomes one of the main parameters of the effectiveness of its work. A mathematical model for assessing the efficiency of the dispatching service on a set of quality of service indicators is proposed. The structure of operating costs is presented. The algorithm of decision-making is given when choosing the optimal structural scheme of the dispatching service of a high-rise building.

A selective study of Information technologies to improve operations efficiency in construction

Today, information technologies (IT) are used in almost every production industry. While the aspects of IT are well studied and discussed in relevant monographs, articles, web sources, etc., this paper reviews the performance improvement options in the construction industry by leveraging IT. From a wide range of information technologies the author has picked the most relevant solutions, from his point of view, based on several considerations, the most important one being the lack of adequate attention to these technologies specifically in the construction industry. The paper covers the following technologies: Big Data (a smart technology for high-speed processing of huge and diverse data arrays); situation centers (SC) for construction and operations projects (SCs are successfully used in other industries for operating control of sophisticated facilities); data warehouses (DW) for the construction industry (DWs are viewed as a standalone project rather than a supplement to Data Mining or Big Data); operational and dispatch radio communication service (radio communication can ensure instant connectivity between several subscribers); VSAT (a satellite technology for prompt connection of a distant construction site with the 'outer world' when no alternatives are available). The paper briefly presents the essence of each technology, describes the pre-requisites for its use in construction, outlines the key advantages, limits and shortcomings, and lists construction projects where it shall be worthwhile to use a specific technology projects.

A duopoly of transportation network companies and traditional radio-taxi dispatch service agencies

Transportation network companies commonly enter the market for taxi ride intermediation and alter the market outcome. Compared to cooperatively organized radio-taxi dispatch service agencies, transportation network companies run larger fleets and serve more customers with lower fares, when the fixed costs of the dispatch office are relatively small. The same holds for private dispatch firms, when the fixed costs of a taxicab are not too small. These results are shown in a two-stage duopoly of fare and fleet size competition with fare- and waiting-timedependent demand.

Optimizing dispatch and home delivery services utilizing GIS in Botswana: Botswana Post case study

This research believes that geographic information systems (GIS) can play a major role in ensuring that Botswana and other developing countries, benefit from diverse opportunities brought about by a home parcel delivery system. The objective of this study is to develop an address matching and geocoding GIS based on free and open source software suites [quantum GIS (QGIS), PostGIS, and quantum field (Qfield)]. The anticipation is that the GIS system can improve efficiency in postal service deliveries and further introduce Botswana to online purchasing, and other home delivery business avenues. Currently the country does not have any home delivery services. This study has developed a route optimization system using Dijkstra’s algorithm to automatically build shortest routes to reduce travel time (thus reduce operational costs), improve dispatch services and increase efficiency for home delivery services. Furthermore, the system facilitates the consolidation of deliveries and assists in the planning of consistent delivery routes. In a nutshell, this GIS system incorporates mapping technologies that provide geospatial data processing capabilities which are non-existent in current tabular-based processing systems of Botswana Post.

Sharing Economy Gag Rule: Targeting Communication Innovations in the Information Age

This article addresses homesharing, a new term for a centuries-old practice of homeowners allowing overnight guests in their homes. Lawmakers nationwide are cracking down on homeowners’ ability to use the internet to offer their homes for rent. Next, this article discusses Angels on Earth, a dispatch service that connects people who are homebound due to age or medical condition with salon and spa services. Although its services only involved the exchange of information, bureaucrats tried to force Angels on Earth into the same regulatory framework as the cosmetologists the service deployed—a classic instance of regulatory mismatch. Finally, this article tells the story of Flytenow, an innovate startup that allows private pilots to share travel plans and trip expenses with passengers. Simply because Flytenow created a more efficient way to promote that longstanding and lawful practice, the federal government adopted new regulations that shut the business down completely. These cases illustrate the absurdity of applying new regulations to longstanding practices—or shoehorning new businesses into old regulations—simply because technology has made the voluntary, harmless, and lawful exchange of goods and services more efficient.