Management Of Disease In Women Research Articles

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Management: A Call for Better Acknowledgment-Part 1 Pharmacological Differences in Women and Men; How Relevant Are They?

Sex differences (SDs) in pharmacology of cardiovascular (CV) drugs have been described previously; however, paradoxically, there are scarce recommendations in therapy based on these differences. It is of utmost importance to identify whether these SDs determine a modified clinical response and the potential practical implications for this, to provide a base for personalized medicine. The aim of this article was to outline the most important pharmacological drivers of cardiovascular drugs that differ between women and men, along with their implications and challenges in clinical practice. A detailed assessment of English-written resources reflecting SDs impact in CV drug pharmacology was performed using PubMed and Embase databases. Despite large variations in CV drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in individuals, correcting for height, weight, surface area, and body composition compensate for most "sex-dependent" differences. In addition, individual, cultural, and social factors significantly impact disease management in women versus men. Gender-biased prescribing patterns and gender-dependent adherence to therapy also influence outcomes. The development of sex-specific guidelines requires that they should reflect the SDs implications for the management of a disease and that the evidence should be carefully evaluated as to whether there is an adequate representation of both sexes and whether sex-disaggregated data are reported. Pharmacological drivers are under the influence of an impressive number of differences between women and men. However, to establish their significance in clinical practice, an adequate representation of women in studies and the reporting of distinct results is mandatory.

Women's experience of polycystic ovary syndrome management: A systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common chronic condition in women of child-bearing age. There is currently no effective treatment, so early and long-term management is essential. However, there are many problems in the practice of disease management in women with PCOS that make it difficult to achieve good outcomes. To explore women's experience of PCOS management and identify the relevant facilitators and barriers to management. A structured search was undertaken in five bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane) from the date of establishment of the database up to December 2022. All qualitative and mixed-methods studies available in English describing the experience of PCOS management from the patients' perspective were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to appraise study quality. The evidence was synthesized using a pragmatic meta-aggregative approach guided by the capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behavior (COM-B). A total of 13 studies were included with 85 equivocal findings and 12 credible findings. The findings were meta-aggregated into three themes: (1) capability of women with PCOS, including patients' attitudes toward disease and management, knowledge, and skills of the disease; (2) opportunities in PCOS management, including information about PCOS, diagnostic delay, disease characteristics, disease management plan, and logistical and environmental problems; and (3) motivation in PCOS management, including impact of symptoms, perceived needs, support and feedback, and unpleasant medical experience. This study identifies facilitators and barriers to PCOS management from the patient perspective, which can guide the design and implementation of PCOS management programs for patients. This study also provides information for future research into how the COM-B theory can be incorporated into specific management plans to promote patient action.

Gender Disparities on Access to Care and Coronary Disease Management.

Mortality decline in women to a lesser extent than in men with coronary artery disease (CAD) has provoked a bigger interest in some already existing dilemmas and questions. Many studies carried out in the past three decades did not provide us with precise conclusions. Moreover, various challenges in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of CAD in women are still remaining. The meta-analysis and the systematic review conducted in the last years have offered novel approaches to understanding CAD gender disparities in access to care and coronary disease management in women, but women are more likely to experience less favorable short- and long-term outcomes than men do. The reasons for these findings should lie in several known segments in the CAD pathophysiological mechanisms different in women and ultimately leading to a lower quality of care. Clinical presentation in women, which is often characterized by atypical chest pain and a higher prevalence of non-obstructive CAD when evaluated invasively, places women to the false-negative diagnosis of CAD and influences inadequate access to care. Clinical presentation and diagnostic methods, as well as the appropriate treatment options insufficiently examined in women, need to be better defined. The traditional CAD risk factors have a greater impact on women than on men. Unique CAD risk factors only seen in women, have recently been recognized with more attention. However, it is important to note that even in women with obstructive CAD and typical clinical presentation, invasive therapy and pharmacologic therapy are not always implemented as recommended by guidelines as in men. Women are underrepresented in CAD trials, and in current guidelines, gender differences in CAD management have not yet been justified. The underestimation of the risk of CAD in women, followed by its underdiagnosis and undertreatment, might be one of the reasons for a worse prognosis in women in comparison with men.

The Case for a Health at Every Size Approach for Chronic Disease Risk Reduction in Women of Color

The conventional approach to chronic disease management in women of color is a dieting-for-weight-loss approach, which has not been proven to be effective. The purpose of this article is to highlight the shortcomings of the dieting-for-weight-loss approach and demonstrate the potential efficacy of the Health at Every Size approach when working with women of color to prevent and address chronic diseases. The article's areas of focus are weight stigma, bias, and size discrimination; the implications of differing weight perceptions and motivations for change; and weight as the primary determinant of health and biological factors affecting weight.

Gender moderates the influence of psychosocial factors and drug use on HAART adherence in the context of HIV and childhood sexual abuse

This study aimed to examine gender moderation within a stress and coping model of HIV medication adherence in adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Sequelae of CSA, including negative coping, psychological distress, and drug use, interfere with adherence to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). These obstacles to adherence are likely moderated by gender. Gender may particularly influence the mediational effect of drug use on adherence. Participants included 206 adults living with HIV/AIDS and CSA. Categorical/continuous variable methodology in a structural equation modeling framework was used to test a multigroup model with women and men. Gender significantly moderated several effects in the model. For women, the effect of psychological distress on HAART adherence was mediated by drug use and the effect of drug use on viral load was mediated by HAART adherence. Among men, drug use did not significantly impact adherence. Since gender appears to moderate the effect of drug use on medication adherence, it is particularly important to address drug use within the context of HIV disease management in women with a history of CSA. Further, interventions to increase HAART adherence should take trauma history, gender, and drug abuse into account when assessing efficacy.

Toward Optimal Health: Robert J. McConnell, M.D., Discusses the Clinical Opportunities for Improved Thyroid Disease Management in Women

Journal of Women's HealthVol. 16, No. 4 Conversation with the ExpertsToward Optimal Health: Robert J. McConnell, M.D., Discusses the Clinical Opportunities for Improved Thyroid Disease Management in WomenJodi R. GodfreyJodi R. GodfreySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:23 May 2007https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.C074AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byComparison of the symptoms of menopause and symptoms of thyroid disease in Japanese women aged 35–59 years1 October 2012 | Climacteric, Vol. 16, No. 5 Volume 16Issue 4May 2007 InformationMary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Jodi R. Godfrey.Toward Optimal Health: Robert J. McConnell, M.D., Discusses the Clinical Opportunities for Improved Thyroid Disease Management in Women.Journal of Women's Health.May 2007.458-462.http://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2007.C074Published in Volume: 16 Issue 4: May 23, 2007PDF download

A new response to heart disease in women.

Explore current practices in the multidisciplinary management of cardiovascular disease in women and innovative educational approaches to health promotion and disease prevention.

Nursing management of coronary heart disease in women: using research findings

Nursing management of coronary heart disease in women: using research findings

Sex-specific differences in coronary artery disease risk factors, evaluation, and treatment: Have they been adequately evaluated?

Women constitute a significant, growing proportion of patients at risk for acute coronary events. Analyses of the pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and management of coronary disease in women have been hampered in that most clinical trials have studied predominantly male populations. For example, most diagnostic studies have not accounted for sex-specific differences in prevalence of disease or for confounding factors. Disease management in women has also been guided by outcomes data from mostly male populations. Although a review shows no sex-specific differences in relative risk reduction from treatment, it remains possible that differences exist, given the under-representation of women in trials. Including adequate numbers of women in future trials is important yet costly, because of the larger total sample size required. Nevertheless, continued inquiry is required to answer the questions raised by current investigations.

“Tough choice” limb salvage versus amputation with bone tumors

The conventional approach to chronic disease management in women of color is a dieting-for-weight-loss approach, which has not been proven to be effective. The purpose of this article is to highlight the shortcomings of the dieting-for-weight-loss approach and demonstrate the potential efficacy of the Health at Every Size approach when working with women of color to prevent and address chronic diseases. The article's areas of focus are weight stigma, bias, and size discrimination; the implications of differing weight perceptions and motivations for change; and weight as the primary determinant of health and biological factors affecting weight.

HIV infections in women

Women constitute the most rapidly growing group of individuals in the USA diagnosed with AIDS. Additionally, 35% of these individuals acquired their infection through heterosexual contact. In view of this and the many gender-specific problems that are encountered in immunocompromised women it is critical that our knowledge in this area is kept up-to-date. In this presentation current information regarding the epidemiology, diagnoses and management of HIV disease in women is addressed.