Diseases In School-age Children Research Articles

Manajemen Cuci Tangan Efektif Untuk Mencegah Penyakit Menular Pada Anak Usia Sekolah

Washing hands is one effort to break the chain of disease transmission to school-age children. So that school children can manage hand washing effectively. This will make it a routine habit taught as early as possible. There are many methods and ways of teaching by playing and exploring the environment around the school. Based on observations made, school children rarely wash their hands before eating food bought in the school canteen. This case study aims to implement effective hand-washing management to prevent infectious diseases in school-aged children. The service was carried out for school-age children at SD N 1 Layan, Tangse District, Pidie Regency with 72 students using a workshop method that included 6 effective hand-washing management steps. It is hoped that there will be an increase in the awareness of school children to be able to wash their hands to prevent infectious diseases and to improve the health status of Indonesian children

Comparative sensitivity of early cystic fibrosis lung disease detection tools in school aged children

BackgroundEffective detection of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical to understanding early pathogenesis and evaluating early intervention strategies. We aimed to compare ability of several proposed sensitive functional tools to detect early CF lung disease as defined by CT structural disease in school aged children. Methods50 CF subjects (mean±SD 11.2 ± 3.5y, range 5–18y) with early lung disease (FEV1≥70 % predicted: 95.7 ± 11.8 %) performed spirometry, Multiple breath washout (MBW, including trapped gas assessment), oscillometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and simultaneous spirometer-directed low-dose CT imaging. CT data were analysed using well-evaluated fully quantitative software for bronchiectasis and air trapping (AT). ResultsCT bronchiectasis and AT occurred in 24 % and 58 % of patients, respectively. Of the functional tools, MBW detected the highest rates of abnormality: Scond 82 %, MBWTG RV 78 %, LCI 74 %, MBWTG IC 68 % and Sacin 51 %. CPET VO2peak detected slightly higher rates of abnormality (9 %) than spirometry-based FEV1 (2 %). For oscillometry AX (14 %) performed better than Rrs (2 %) whereas Xrs and R5-19 failed to detect any abnormality. LCI and Scond correlated with bronchiectasis (r = 0.55–0.64, p < 0.001) and AT (r = 0.73–0.74, p < 0.001). MBW-assessed trapped gas was detectable in 92 % of subjects and concordant with CT-assessed AT in 74 %. ConclusionsSignificant structural and functional deficits occur in early CF lung disease, as detected by CT and MBW. For MBW, additional utility, beyond that offered by LCI, was suggested for Scond and MBW-assessed gas trapping. Our study reinforces the complementary nature of these tools and the limited utility of conventional oscillometry and CPET in this setting.

Comparison of home-based spirometry and oscillometry measurements in school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

This study compares home-based oscillometry and spirometry for characterizing respiratory system disease in school-aged children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in clinical research. We hypothesized higher rates of successful completion and abnormal cases identified through oscillometry, with correlations between device measurements. Participants 6-12 years old with BPD in the ongoing Air Quality, Environment and Respiratory Outcomes in BPD (AERO-BPD) study performed oscillometry followed by spirometry at two separate home visits. Parameters measured included airway resistance at 5 Hz(R5), resistance from 5 to 19 Hz(R5-19), resonance frequency(Fres), reactance at 5 Hz(X5), area under the curve between Fres and X5(AX), forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), forced vital capacity(FVC), and FEV1/FVC. Descriptive statistics identified the proportion of successful tests, correlation in measurements, and rate of lung disease for each device. Among 76 subjects with 120 paired observations, 95% and 71% of participants successfully performed oscillometry and spirometry, respectively, at home visit one. 98% and 77% successfully performed oscillometry and spirometry, respectively, at home visit two. Odds ratios favored oscillometry (range 5.31-10.13, p < 0.01). FEV1 correlated with AX (correlation coefficient r = -0.27, p = 0.03); FEV1/FVC with AX (r = -0.32, p = 0.02); and FEV1/FVC with R5 (r = -0.37, p = 0.01). AX exhibited the highest prevalence of abnormality at 25%; other oscillometry parameters ranged from 5%-22%. Forty-five to sixty-four percent of participants had abnormal spirometry. Oscillometry assessments had significantly lower odds of capturing lung disease (odds ratios 0.07-0.24, p < 0.0001). School-aged children with BPD demonstrated higher success rates in field-based oscillometry than spirometry. Spirometry exhibited higher rates of abnormality than oscillometry. Moderate correlation exists between device measurements.

Hand Washing Practice among Secondary School Students in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

Background: Human hands play a significant role in the spread of diseases, especially respiratory and diarrheal diseases, which continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. Hand washing is the most widely used preventive measure to lessen the spread of infectious diseases. It involves washing hands with ordinary or antimicrobial soap and water. This is especially important for school-age children, since they may be more susceptible to diseases associated with poor hygiene than adults’ age. There is evidence linking the promotion of hand washing habits through health education to a lower incidence of communicable diseases in school-age children. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and to find out the practice of hand washing among the secondary school children. Materials &amp; Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 340 school students from 1st June 2022 to 30th November 2022 in Alekjan Memorial High School and College, Durgapur, Adarsha Sadar, Cumilla. Purposive sampling was used to gather all pertinent data using a structured questionnaire. Results: In schools, 69.7% of the respondents washed their hands properly. 96.7% of them used soap to wash their hands. About 98.2%, 95%, 86.8%, 82.9% and 80.3% of school children reported that they wash their hands before eating, after using the restroom, after eating, after playing and after working. Conclusion: According to the study, having access to soap and water is necessary for good hand washing technique as the majority of the students used soap during hand washing. By installing hand washing stations in schools, the regional government, that is, the education and health bureaus-should enhance the hand washing practices in schools. It is important for parents and other family members to focus more on behavior guidance related to hand washing. Eastern Med Coll J. July 2023; 8 (2): 40-44

Evaluation of the incidence and risk factors of ocular disorder in primary school children: a cross-section analysis

Background: School health is an essential part of any public health program. Poor vision in childhood can affect school performance and affect children later in life. Pupils can be affected by various eye diseases such as refractive errors, strabismus, color blindness, eyelid problems and cataracts. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and risk factors of eye diseases in children aged 6-12 years. Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study selected children aged 6-12 years from December 2018 to March 2019 from 09 primary schools in the Kanpur district. The institutional ethical clearance and appropriate permissions from the school authorities were obtained through the medical officer of Kalyanpur PHC and consent 51 from parents. Results: A total of 2,100 students from 09 different schools, 1,070 boys and 1,030 girls, were tested. The most common eye diseases are myopic astigmatism with 16.6% (348 people), myopic astigmatism with 78.2% (272 people), 192 were against the rule astigmatisms, 80 were with the rule astigmatism astigmatisms, followed by simple myopic with 15.2% (53 people) and hypermetropic astigmatism with 1.7% (6 people). The next most common disease is allergic disease with 1.6% (34). The 1.4% (30) of children have strabismus. Blindness 0.26% (5), colour blindness 0.2% (4); eyelid and adnexal disease 0.13% (3) and cataract 0.03% (1) Conclusions: Eye diseases in school-aged children can be easily detected by regular eye examinations; this research shows that vision deficiency is likely to be affected.

Characterizing the urinary proteome of prematurity-associated lung disease in school-aged children

IntroductionAlthough different phenotypes of lung disease after preterm birth have recently been described, the underlying mechanisms associated with each phenotype are poorly understood. We, therefore, compared the urinary proteome for different spirometry phenotypes in preterm-born children with preterm- and term-born controls.MethodsPreterm and term-born children aged 7–12 years, from the Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates (RHiNO) cohort, underwent spirometry and urine collection. Urine was analysed by Nano-LC Mass-Spectrometry with Tandem-Mass Tag labelling. The preterm-born children were classified into phenotypes of prematurity-associated preserved ratio impaired spirometry (pPRISm, FEV1 < lower limit of normal (LLN), FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN), prematurity-associated obstructive lung disease (POLD, FEV1 < LLN, FEV1/FVC < LLN) and preterm controls (FEV1 ≥ LLN,). Biological relationships between significantly altered protein abundances were analysed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis software, and receiver operator characteristic curves were calculated.ResultsUrine was analysed from 160 preterm-born children and 44 term controls. 27 and 21 were classified into the pPRISm and POLD groups, respectively. A total of 785 proteins were detected. Compared to preterm-born controls, sixteen significantly altered proteins in the pPRISm group were linked to six biological processes related to upregulation of inflammation and T-cell biology. In contrast, four significantly altered proteins in the POLD group were linked with neutrophil accumulation. Four proteins (DNASE1, PGLYRP1, B2M, SERPINA3) in combination had an area under the curve of 0.73 for pPRISm and three combined proteins (S100A8, MMP9 and CTSC) had AUC of 0.76 for POLD.ConclusionsIn this exploratory study, we demonstrate differential associations of the urinary proteome with pPRISm and POLD.Trial registrationEudraCT: 2015-003712-20

Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases and Risk Factors in Children: A Population based Study in 2022

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) investigated the worldwide prevalence of allergic disease and risk factors. Korea has also participated in several ISAAC surveys: three nationwide surveys in 1995, 2000 and 2010. Research on school aged children will be a helpful to understand the epidemiology of the allergic diseases in the pediatric population. In this perspective, we researched the prevalence and risk factors of allergic diseases in school aged children in Korea.

Epidemiology of leukemia among children in Nineveh Province, Iraq

Objective: To determine the prevalence of leukemia among children during 2018-2021 in Mosul city. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted on leukemia patients in Oncology Center at Ibn Al-Atheer Hospital from 10th January to 30th April 2022. Data were collected from patients’ records. Results: Out of 153 patients, 99 (64.8%) were males and 54 (35.2%) females. The disease was found in children of school age more than in the rest of the ages and more males and those belonging to urban areas were affected. Acute lymphatic leukemia was commonest form found. Conclusion: The prevalence of the disease is very high and is constantly increasing. The incidence of the disease in school-age children is relatively high.

Prevalence and structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases in tuberculosis in school-age children

Objective — to study the prevalence and structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases in respiratory tuberculosis patients and infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) school-aged children.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The examination was carried out in 168 (100 %) patients with respiratory tuberculosis and MBT-infected children and adolescents of school age (from 6 to 17 years) with inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. Among the examined schoolchildren, 102 (60.72 %) were school-aged children with respiratory tuberculosis (the first group). The second group included 66 (39.28 %) infected MTB schoolchildren. The control group consisted of 45 practically healthy school-age children. The conducted examination of the dental status included the study of the prevalence of periodontal pathology, the intensity of the lesion and the severity of its course in different age groups of school children.&#x0D; Results and discussion. It was established that the prevalence of periodontal tissue disease in school-aged children with tuberculosis ((87.25 ± 2.36) %) and MTB-infected ((65.15 ± 2.15) %) exceeded that of healthy children ((24.45 ± 2.12) %) by 4.0 and 3.7 times, respectively. The most common pathology was an inflammatory lesion of the gums in the form of catarrhal gingivitis, which was almost 4 times higher than such data in children of the control group. The course of catarrhal gingivitis was diagnosed in the form of acute, chronic and exacerbation of the chronic process. At the same time as the prevalence of catarrhal gingivitis increased with age, the frequency of periodontitis increased in the children of the examined groups, the prevalence of which was most pronounced among patients with tuberculosis, much less among those infected with MTB. The assessment of the intensity of periodontal tissue damage using the PMA index revealed its increase with age, most pronounced among patients with tuberculosis, somewhat less among those infected with MTB.&#x0D; Conclusions. The prevalence of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in patients with respiratory tuberculosis and MTB-infected children increases with age and is manifested by gum damage in the form of both catarrhal gingivitis and periodontitis, the highest prevalence of this pathology was observed among 15—17-year-old schoolchildren with pulmonary tuberculosis, less is expressed in infected MTB.

DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION TO TEACHERS AND STUDENTS OF SD - IT AZZAHRA DEMAK IN THE ORDER OF IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MOUTH DENTAL HEALTH

Background: Basic Health Research data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2018 (RISKESDAS 2018) shows that the proportion of oral cavity diseases in Indonesia is still high, reaching 57.6%. When viewed by age, the proportion is 67.3% from the age of 5-9 years, and 55.6% from the age of 10-14 years. This shows that the proportion of oral cavity diseases in school-age children is quite high. Counseling and training on dental and oral health is a learning process aimed at teachers or parents in order to increase the degree of dental and oral health in children to the maximum.Method: Counseling and training of elementary school teachers as dental health cadres, Implementation of interactive discussions to deepen understanding of dental health, Counseling on oral health to elementary school students Result: Dental Health Counseling activities at SD - IT Azzahra Demak were carried out for 2 days. Participants who attended this activity were 37 teachers and 190 elementary school students - IT Azzahra Demak Conclusion: Community service activities in the form of dental health counseling for teachers and students of SD - IT Azzahra Demak took place smoothly and had enormous benefits for increasing knowledge about dental health for elementary school teachers and elementary students. This will certainly improve the degree of dental health, especially for children

Oxidative status and its relationship with glycemic state in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background Diabetes represents one of the most common diseases in school-aged children. Poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) usually leads to more oxidative stress, increased production of oxygen-free radicals, and more diabetic complications. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes complications, both microvascular and cardiovascular. The metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of both large and small vessels and also in the myocardium. Aim The aim of the current study was to assess the oxidative status and its relationship with glycemic state of T1DM in children. Patients and methods This was a case–control study conducted on 50 children. The first group enrolled 30 children aged 2–12 years of both sexes with T1DM selected from patients attending the outpatient clinic of endocrinology unit of Mansoura University Children’s Hospital in the period between December 2020 and December 2021 and were compared with 20 age-matched and sex-matched children who served as healthy controls. Results The malondialdehyde (MDA) and MDA/total antioxidant capacity ratio were significantly increased among cases compared with the control group. MDA and MDA/total antioxidant capacity ratio could be used as reliable predictors for differentiating between cases and controls with high sensitivity and specificity. However, they could not be used as a reliable indicator for differentiation between cases with microalbuminuria from case without. Oxidant/antioxidant status seemed to be significantly increased among cases with poor diabetic control followed by controlled diabetic group and lastly the healthy control group. Conclusion Cases with T1DM were associated with a significant increase in oxidative stress, especially in poor controlled ones. Additionally, oxidative stress markers could be used as valid markers for T1DM.

P109 Evaluation of early lung disease in school-age children with cystic fibrosis - a preliminary report

P109 Evaluation of early lung disease in school-age children with cystic fibrosis - a preliminary report

Epidemiology and lifestyle survey of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in school-age children and adolescents in Shenyang, Liaoning

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is diagnosed increasingly in children and adolescents. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of NAFLD in school-aged children and adolescents in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between lifestyle and fatty liver.MethodsWe conducted aprospective cohort study of 1309 school-aged children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 18 years who underwent physical examination from November to December 2019. In addition, they were collected age, gender, learning stage, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Finally, a portion of the population was selected to complete a questionnaire survey to explore the impact of lifestyle habits on fatty liver disease.ResultsNAFLD was present in 23.83% of subjects. The prevalence of children and adolescents was 22.73% and 24.43%, respectively. Fatty liver prevalence differs significantly by gender and learning stages. The highest rate of fatty liver was seen in obese children (71.68%). Moreover, exercise, diet, and parental factors can affect children with fatty liver.ConclusionsNAFLD is very prevalent in children and adolescents in Shenyang city. Due to the close relationship between NAFLD and obesity, lifestyle plays a major role in the occurrence of NAFLD.Trial registrationThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, [2020] 2020–258-2. Registered 6 June 2020—Retrospectively registered.

Prevention and Management of High-Burden Noncommunicable Diseases in School-Age Children: ASystematic Review.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic conditions requiring health care, education, social and community services, addressing prevention, treatment, and management. This review aimed to summarize and synthesize the available evidence on interventions from systematic reviews of high-burden NCDs and risk factors among school-aged children. The following databases were used for this research: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and the Campbell library. The search dates were from 2000 to 2021. We included systematic reviews that synthesized studies to evaluate intervention effectiveness in children aged 5 to 19 years globally. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality of included reviews using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Fifty studies were included. Asthma had the highest number of eligible reviews (n = 19). Of the reviews reporting the delivery platform, 27% (n = 16) reported outpatient settings, 13% (n = 8) home and community-based respectively, and 8% (n = 5) school-based platforms. Included reviews primarily (69%) reported high-income country data. This may limit the results' generalizability for school-aged children and adolescents in low- and middle- income countries. School-aged children and adolescents affected by NCDs require access to quality care, treatment, and support to effectively manage their diseases into adulthood. Strengthening research and the capacity of countries, especially low- and middle- income countries, for early screening, risk education and management of disease are crucial for NCD prevention and control.

The low incidence of clinically significant heart disease in school-age children following COVID-19.

The burden of clinically-apparent cardiac injury secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in school-age children is unclear. Over 12 months at a large academic pediatric hospital in the Midwestern portion of the United States, there were 1481 COVID-19 positive non-hospitalized otherwise healthy schoolaged children with 195 having cardiac testing performed. While incidental findings occurred, no definitive COVID-19 related cardiac pathology was discovered. Additionally, only ~3% of children had acute cardiac symptoms necessitating evaluation by pediatric cardiology. School-age children who were not hospitalized for COVID-19 have a very low risk of having clinically significant cardiac damage and are more likely to discover incidental findings.

Pattern and prevalence of eye disorders and diseases in school-aged children: findings from the Nationwide School Sight Sampling Survey in Armenia

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the prevalence of eye disorders and their causes among secondary schoolchildren aged 6–15 years old in Armenia, based on analysis of the Nationwide School Sight...

Literature Study: The Relationship between Phbs and Diarrhea in School-Age Children

Diarrhea is still one of the main diseases in children that can cause morbidity and mortality. One of the prevention of this diarrhea is the implementation of Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS). This study aims to determine the relationship between PHBS and the incidence of diarrheal disease in school-age children. This type of research is a literature study, literature searches using google scholar databases and IOS. The inclusion criteria were in the form of 2016-2020 publications, in full text Indonesian and themed PHBS and diarrhea. The literature was then extracted and analyzed for 10 literatures. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between PHBS and the incidence of diarrheal disease in school-age children. It was concluded that diarrhea often occurs in school-age children, especially if they do not have good clean and healthy living behavior, which further increases the risk of getting diarrhea. The intended link is if this is not done or rarely done, the potential for diarrheal disease will be greater. It is recommended for school children to carry out PHBS in a good school setting to create a health climate and avoid diseases that originate from unhealthy behaviors such as diarrhea.

Prevalence of skin diseases in school-age children.

The prevalence of community-based skin diseases, especially among school-age children, depends on topography, climate, and age of population. We determined the prevalence of skin diseases among community-based primary school-age children and identified demographic characteristics in relation to particular skin conditions. This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey study of a subproject school cohort in children aged 5-14 years of 2 community-based primary schools. Demographic data and whole-body skin examination were collected. The association of individual skin conditions was analysed by using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression. A total of 556 children were enrolled in this study. Of these, 90.2% had at least 1 skin disease. The most common skin disease was postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) (58.3%), followed by nevus/mole (40.1%), insect bite reaction (28.0%), acanthosis nigricans (20.0%), acne (13.7%), and pityriasis alba (12.9%). There was an increase of body mass index (BMI) in PIH and acanthosis nigricans with the adjusted odds ratios of 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-2.87, P < 0.001) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.49-2.49, P < 0.001), respectively. Insect bite reaction was related to PIH with the adjusted odds ratio of 5.66 (95% CI 3.15-10.17, P = 0.001). The most common skin disease in community-based primary school-age children is PIH which related to acanthosis nigricans and insect bite reaction. A decrease of BMI may lower the risk for PIH and acanthosis nigricans. Education on common skin diseases is recommended for both community-based schools and school-age children.

Congenital heart disease in school-aged children: Cognition, education, and participation in leisure activities

BackgroundChildren with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk for neurodevelopmental deficits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive deficits on educational outcome and participation in leisure activities.MethodsA prospective cohort of 134 children with CHD who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) was examined at 10 years of age. IQ was assessed with the WISC-IV and executive functions with the BRIEF (parent- and teacher-report). Parents reported on type and level of education and educational support, and leisure activity participation. Ordinal regression analyses assessed the association between cognitive deficits and educational outcome and participation.ResultsTotal IQ (P = 0.023), working memory (P < 0.001), processing speed (P = 0.008), and teacher-reported metacognition (P = 0.022) were lower than norms. Regular school was attended by 82.4% of children with CHD compared to 97% of the general Swiss population (P < 0.001). Seventy-five percent of children participated in leisure activities. Lower total IQ and teacher-rated global executive functions were associated with more educational support and lower IQ was associated with less participation.ConclusionAs school-aged children with CHD experience cognitive deficits, follow-up is required to provide optimal support with regard to educational outcome and participation in leisure activities.ImpactContemporary cohorts of children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery remain at increased risk for cognitive deficits.Cognitive deficits affect educational outcome and leisure activities.These findings underline the importance of early detection of cognitive deficits and recommend support with respect to cognitive functioning.

OPINION OF PARENTS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN AND TEACHERS OF SCHOOLS ON THE EXPEDIENCY OF CARRYING OUT MEASURES TO PROMOTE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

Currently, the organization of primary health prevention in secondary schools is a complex interaction between the health and education systems. In order to determine the need and scope of optimizing the organization of primary medical prevention for school-age children and develop measures to increase its availability, sociological studies were conducted of 400 parents of children studying in secondary educational schools and 403 teaching staff of secondary general education schools. According to the results of a survey of parents of school-age children, the following conclusions can be drawn: parents with children visit polyclinics for the treatment of diseases or for preventive examinations, and they do not have enough time and opportunity to solve issues related to the formation of a healthy lifestyle and have to get the necessary information on their own. The majority (77.8±2.1%) of respondents believe that school teachers can conduct conversations with schoolchildren on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases in school-age children. Parents also pointed out that school teachers with varying frequency already conduct conversations with students on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases in children. When analyzing the results of a sociological study of teachers, it was revealed that the majority (80.6±2.0%) of respondents consider it appropriate to conduct work with the population on the formation of a healthy lifestyle. More than half (54.8±2.5%) of the respondents consider it appropriate to receive training on healthy lifestyle issues in the future, and 19.5±2.0% - at the first opportunity.