The pervasive influence of social media has created a need for valid tools to assess Social Media Parenting (SMP) across cultures. This study validated the Persian version of the Social Media Parenting Scale (SMPS) for use in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 500 Iranian parents were selected via convenience sampling. Validation included Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA, CFA) on split-half samples, plus Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Bootstrap EGA to assess dimensionality. Reliability was measured with Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, Composite Reliability, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed via Average Variance Extracted and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. EFA identified a stable six-factor structure (Learning Parenting, Digital Security, Sharenting, Parental Mediation, Teaching Parenting, Parents' Social Media Use), explaining 53.62% of variance. CFA models showed excellent fit (CFI & TLI>0.97, RMSEA ≈ 0.04, SRMR <0.02). All subscales demonstrated high reliability (α: 0.768-0.903, ω: 0.782-0.941). Convergent (AVE>0.50) and discriminant validity were confirmed. EGA and bootEGA strongly supported the six-factor model, replicating it in 99.8% of iterations with high stability. The validated Persian SMPS is a reliable six-factor tool suitable for research and needs assessment to inform digital parenting interventions in Iran. Further validation is required for clinical or policy applications.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and acceptability of the Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) in a sample of UK-based East-Asian adults. Although widely used in cross-cultural research, relatively few studies have assessed the factor structure, validity, and user acceptability of the VIA in non-North American samples. A total of 236 East-Asian participants (mean age = 26.8, 47.06% female) completed the 20-item VIA and demographic questions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS with maximum likelihood estimation and robust standard errors. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation was also performed. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and acceptability were evaluated. CFA showed poor model fit for the original two-factor VIA structure: χ2(169) = 367.12, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.84; RMSEA = 0.089. The Mainstream factor showed weak and mostly nonsignificant loadings, while the Heritage factor demonstrated strong loadings. Internal consistency was high for Heritage (α = 0.91) and acceptable for Mainstream (α = 0.81). EFA supported a refined 17-item two-factor model, excluding three low-loading Mainstream items. Discriminant validity was supported, but convergent validity was only partially established. Acceptability data indicated that while most items were well received, several were perceived as culturally ambiguous. Findings support the VIA's bidimensional structure but suggest that cross-cultural adaptation may be needed to improve measurement accuracy in UK-based East Asian populations. The study highlights the importance of further validation in culturally diverse samples.

Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity between sensory processing sensitivity and other individual difference measures

"I want to do something green": A set of green basic interest markers.

Correlation study of nutritional status, mental health, sleep quality, and prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Construction of early warning combined with mindfulness awareness countermeasures.

Emotional eating, defined as eating influenced by emotional states, has been linked to the development of chronic diseases. Psychometric instruments, such as the Florence Emotional Eating Drive (FEED), are crucial for screening this behaviour, and their relevance must be validated in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the FEED in Brazilians and to examine gender-based differences in emotional eating drive. This cross-sectional study collected data online. The FEED originally comprises 23 items and three factors. Factorial, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, as well as reliability, were analysed separately for each gender. Different factorial models of the FEED were tested, and refinement of a model previously applied in Brazil was required for both genders. FEED scores were computed, classified into categories, and compared between genders. A total of 1274 individuals (54.6% men) aged ≥ 18 years participated. A 21-item model with three factors (Brazilian refined version) demonstrated good psychometric properties for both men and women. A second-order hierarchical model based on this structure was parsimonious and enabled the computation of a global emotional eating score. Significant gender differences emerged, with women presenting higher emotional eating scores. Most participants were classified as having no or low emotional urge to eat, with a higher prevalence among men. The FEED proved psychometrically robust for Brazilian women and men after item reduction. Gender-based differences indicate greater emotional eating among women, reinforcing the importance of considering gender-specific aspects in research and interventions addressing this construct.

This study examines the determinants of meta-banking adoption by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to include technostress, AR/VR experience, and perceived value. Data from 312 respondents with prior AR/VR exposure were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM), and multi-group SEM. The measurement model met the necessary reliability and validity standards (with Cronbach’s α at least 0.74, CR at least 0.83, and AVE at least 0.56), and confirmed discriminant validity through HTMT, which was below 0.85. The CFA indices showed a good fit, with values like χ²/df at 2.8, CFI at 0.96, RMSEA at 0.049, and SRMR at 0.041. Testing for measurement invariance demonstrated that both configural, metric, and scalar invariance were upheld among users of Islamic and conventional banking. The findings indicate that factors such as perceived ease of use, usefulness, facilitating conditions, and compatibility all positively affect perceived value. In contrast, technostress has a negative influence on it. Moreover, perceived value is a strong predictor of adoption intention, with trust in technology playing a crucial moderating role. Multi-group analysis further shows that Islamic banking users have a stronger connection between perceived usefulness, ease of use, and their intention to adopt compared to conventional banking users. These insights enhance technology adoption theory by weaving in psychological and cultural aspects into the TAM/UTAUT framework, while also providing practical guidance for creating user-friendly and trust-building AR/VR banking solutions.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Italian Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (I-MID) when applied to a clinical sample. The I-MID was administered to 100 outpatients presenting to a south-Italian public psychology service for psychotherapeutic treatment. Both self-report and interview-based methods were used to assess traumatic experiences and dissociative symptoms. The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule DSM-5 Version (DDIS-5) was utilized to identify dissociative disorders and psychiatric diagnoses commonly associated with dissociative and symptoms and disorders. The I-MID showed strong internal consistency, structural, convergent, and construct validity. Results addressing temporal stability were good for the MID mean score, but results for the different scales were more variable across time. Discriminant validity was good, but some limitations imposed by the clinical sample prevented a sound evaluation of this test property. Information about construct and discriminant validity for the Italian versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II) and the Dissociative Symptom Scale (DSS) is also provided. All instruments exhibited good psychometric properties. However, the I-MID showed better incremental validity compared to the DES-II, and provided some evidence of enhanced discriminant validity relative to both the DES-II and DSS. The findings of this study support the validity of the MID and its underlying subjective-phenomenological model of dissociation in an Italian clinical sample. Finally, the prevalence of dissociative disorders in our outpatient sample aligned with findings from other countries’ epidemiological studies.

Implementation science offers an innovative approach to advance universal health coverage, a key element of the Sustainable Development Goals. Yet, there is limited empirical evidence on the conceptual clarity, validity, and reliability of implementation outcomes, particularly in the context of digital health booking systems in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of measures evaluating the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of students' online health appointment system (SOHAS) in a public university in Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, using a 15-item adapted implementation outcome measure. The items were adapted for SOHAS and were also ensured to be culturally, linguistically, and contextually relevant to Ghanaian university students. Participants were recruited online via a text message containing a link to the electronic questionnaire. Both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were utilized to assess the underlying factor structure and model fit, respectively. Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations were applied to measure internal consistency. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), Fornell-Larcker criteria, and heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) ratios. Cronbach's alpha for the three constructs ranged from 0.946 to 0.977, and CR ranged from 0.949 to 0.976. EFA revealed a three-factor structure with substantial communalities and high loadings (0.716-0.969). The CFA also demonstrated a good model fit (CFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.962, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR = 0.022). Convergent validity was strong, with AVEs ranging from 0.790 to 0.892. However, there was insufficient evidence to establish discriminant validity, as HTMT ratios between appropriateness and acceptability exceeded acceptable levels, and inter-construct correlations exceeded √AVE values. We found promising psychometric properties of the adapted Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility measures, including high internal consistency, good model fit, and strong convergent validity. However, significant overlap between acceptability and appropriateness necessitates that future studies refine these constructs conceptually and empirically, thereby improving their discriminant validity. Importantly, these validated measures provide a valuable framework for guiding evaluations of digital health implementation in similar settings.

Psychometric evaluation of the flourishing-at-work scale in the Indonesian context.

ABSTRACT The topic of workaholism has stimulated many publications on its prevalence, personality predictors, and cultural invariance. Unfortunately, concomitant with the increase in publications, the number of workaholism measures has increased dramatically, limiting between-study comparisons. Therefore, this pre-registered study aims to provide an update and proposal on the conceptualisation and operationalisation of workaholism. For the workaholism operationalisation, we systematically searched for all published workaholism and work addiction measures and their items. We processed the identified measures using an algorithm to select a subset of representative workaholism items, considering semantics and item quality. Furthermore, in a cross-sectional online study, we administered 84 selected items to 462 working participants. Then, we used a second algorithm to select 28 items characterised by good convergent and discriminant validity. A factor analysis of this subset yielded a three-factor solution comprising Work-Life Tension, Work Overinvestment, and Work Overdependency. Lastly, we selected five of the least tautological items for each factor based on semantic similarity and correlations across items. Together, the 15 items formed the Core Workaholism Scale. Based on our findings, we operationalised workaholism, discussed previous theories, reflected on the data-driven approach, and the use of the Core Workaholism Scale in organisational and clinical research.

The intention of Indonesian youth to work abroad, particularly in Australia, has continued to increase. This phenomenon is influenced by push factors in the home country, such as limited job opportunities and high unemployment rates, as well as pull factors from the destination country, including opportunities for international experience, higher wages, and better career prospects. This research aims to explain the effects of push factors and pull factors toward the intention to work abroad to Australia among Indonesian youth, with career adaptability as a moderating variable. Adopting a quantitative design supported by a survey technique, involving 150 respondents aged 18–30 years selected through purposive sampling (Hair et al., 2019). Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and subsequently examined through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) employing SmartPLS software. The analytical procedure comprised assessment of the measurement model (including convergent validity, discriminant validity, and construct reliability) as well as evaluation of the structural model (R², Q² predictive relevance, and path coefficients). The analysis confirms a significant positive effect of push and pull factors on the intention to work abroad. However, career adaptability does not moderate these relationships, suggesting that structural conditions and external opportunities play a more dominant role than individual career adaptability.

BackgroundSocio-economic changes and evolving family structures have created unique caregiving challenges in China, highlighting the need for tools to systematically measure child care deficits. This study aims to develop and preliminarily validate the Inadequate Child Care Scale (ICCS), a culturally relevant instrument designed to measure deficits in child care specific to the Chinese context.MethodsThe development and validation of the Inadequate Child Care Scale (ICCS) were conducted through a three-phase process. Phase One involved the generation of an initial item pool informed by a prior grounded theory study. Phase Two included nationwide data collection via a structured survey administered to participants across diverse regions in China. Phase Three focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of the ICCS using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA; n = 468) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA; n = 702), with an emphasis on assessing convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability.ResultsThe initial item pool comprised 32 items, 30 of which were retained following expert evaluation for content validity. EFA revealed a four-factor structure underlying the scale: Inadequate Daily Life Care, Inadequate Psychological and Emotional Care, Inadequate Safety Care, and Inadequate Educational Care, encompassing 30 items in total. CFA supported the factorial validity of the ICCS, yielding favorable model fit indices (GFI = 0.929, CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.975, RMSEA = 0.038, χ²/df = 2.025). The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.80) and acceptable test-retest reliability.ConclusionThe ICCS is a psychometrically sound tool for assessing child care deficits in China. Its development fills a critical gap in child care research and provides a foundation for targeted interventions and policy reforms. Future studies should refine the scale further and explore its applications in broader caregiving contexts.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of thriving at work on the relationship between workplace spirituality and psychological well-being as well as the moderating effect of organizational justice on the influence of workplace spirituality on thriving at work. This study also examined the moderating effect of organizational justice on the indirect influence of workplace spirituality on psychological well-being through thriving at work. Design/methodology/approach This study followed quantitative cross-sectional survey design. Two hundred and forty-three employees working in Nepali organizations from diverse sectors participated in the survey. Confirmatory Factor Analysis using AMOS 21 was used to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs. Process Macro in SPSS 25 was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings The findings suggest that thriving at work mediates the relationship between workplace spirituality and psychological well-being. Organizational justice moderates the relationship between workplace spirituality and thriving at work such that the effect of workplace spirituality on thriving at work is more pronounced when justice perceptions are low. Practical implications This study suggests that organizations need to create a spiritual environment in the workplace in order to enhance the psychological well-being of employees. This is more important when employees’ justice perception is low. Originality/value This study expands our current understanding of the role of workplace spirituality in fostering employees’ psychological well-being indirectly through their thriving at work. Furthermore, this study enhances our understanding of the role of employees’ justice perceptions in fostering employees’ psychological well-being, which has not been fully investigated in the present study context.

Experiential Avoidance is a core construct of third-wave behavioral theories and a predictor of internalizing psychopathology. Experiential avoidance has been most frequently measured using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). However, several studies have indicated the AAQ-II scale scores demonstrate poor discriminant validity from neuroticism, calling into question the interpretation of past findings and leading some researchers to suggest measuring experiential avoidance with the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ). In large online community (N = 643) and undergraduate (N = 488) samples, discriminant and convergent validity between scale scores of the AAQ-II, MEAQ, measures of neuroticism, a measure of trait negative affect, and a mindfulness measure were tested. In addition, the joint structure of scores from all measures was tested using Goldberg's "bass-ackward" approach at the scale, subscale, and item levels. This allows for a thorough evaluation of the latent content being captured by scores on the AAQ-II and MEAQ. Results indicate that the AAQ-II is more accurately described as measure of neuroticism/negative affectivity, more specifically the anxiety/depression facets of trait neuroticism. Moreover, the MEAQ scale scores were distinct from neuroticism and negative affectivity scale scores and functioned as expected for a measure of experiential avoidance.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and psychometrically validate the Self-Care Assessment for Employees (SAFE), a multidimensional instrument assessing physical, psychosocial, occupational, and mental self-care. Method: A total of 979 healthcare professionals completed an online survey. After excluding 11 responses due to random response patterns, 968 participants were included in the analyses and randomly divided into two subsamples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n =484) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n =484). Results: The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was .927, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant, indicating sampling adequacy. EFA revealed a four-factor structure explaining 51.52% of the total variance. During CFA, one item with a standardized loading below .40 was removed, resulting in a final 23-item scale. The four-factor model demonstrated acceptable fit (χ²/df = 2.86, CFI = .918, TLI = .906, RMSEA = .062). Standardized factor loadings ranged from .51 to .79. Composite reliability values exceeded .70 for all factors, and convergent and discriminant validity were generally supported. Conclusion: The SAFE demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and provides a comprehensive framework for assessing multidimensional self-care and motivational readiness among employees.

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is frequently employed in selection contexts to screen for psychopathology. Although the PAI has several validity scales that effectively measure positive response distortion, the ability of these scales to detect concealed psychopathology has not been fully evaluated. Using data from a previous study and a new sample of 203 undergraduate students, the current study examined whether scores on the Positive Impression Management (PIM), Defensiveness Index (DEF), and Cashel Discriminant Function (CDF) observed under job applicant role-play instructions could detect reports of psychopathology observed under standard instructions. The data from the new sample of students were also used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of PIM-predicted deviation scores from role-play to predict corresponding scores from the standard administration, as originally reported in Kurtz et al. PIM scores from role-play correlated negatively, and CDF from role-play correlated positively, with elevated scores in the standard condition. PIM-predicted deviation scores from role-play showed convergent and discriminant validity with scores from standard administration. Several recommendations are offered based on these results for the effective use of the PAI in assessment contexts with strong incentives for defensiveness and concealment of symptoms and problems.

Olfactory dysfunction is an early biomarker of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and cognitive impairments. This study examines odor-specific olfactory deficits across cognitive impairment stages using the Sniffin' Sticks Odor Identification Test (SS-OIT). To assess the discriminative validity of specific odors in differentiating subjective cognitive decline (SCD), non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and AD from healthy controls (HC). Additionally, the influences of age, gender, verbal intelligence and depression on olfactory performance were analyzed. Participants were also grouped into an AD versus non-AD category (comprising SCD, naMCI, and aMCI) for logistic regression analyses. Aretrospective analysis at the Department of Neurology of the Medical University of Vienna included 737 participants aged50 years and older. Olfactory identification was assessed using the 16-item Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test. The discriminative power of specific odors was evaluated for distinguishing AD from non-AD groups. Bonferroni corrections were applied to adjust for multiple comparisons, which increases the stringency of statistical significance across the 16odors tested. Significant differences in odor identification were observed across diagnostic groups. The AD patients exhibited the most pronounced deficits, particularly in recognizing clove, rose and aniseed. Age negatively correlated with olfactory performance, while higher verbal intelligence was aprotective factor. Key odors differentiated AD from non-AD groups, highlighting the diagnostic potential of olfactory testing. Odor-specific olfactory deficits serve as early indicators of cognitive decline. The Sniffin' Sticks test, particularly key odors, may aid early detection and differentiation of cognitive impairments. Accounting for covariates enhances the diagnostic accuracy. Future research should aim to refine olfactory testing protocols and assess their clinical utility in broader populations.

ABSTRACT Objectives Clinical assessment of anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents is gaining interest due to the need for brief, valid and reliable instruments that allow early screening through a multiple informant approach. The aim of the present study was to validate the brief self‐reported version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale for children (SCAS‐C‐8) by examining its concordances and discrepancies with reports from other informant, for example, parents, as relevant and complementary information for screening. Methods Italian children and early adolescents ( N = 1019; 50.5% female) aged 8–12 years, their mothers and fathers were included in the study by completing the SCAS‐C‐8 and its parent‐version (SCAS‐P‐8). The children and early adolescents also self‐reported internalizing, that is, anxiety and emotional problems, and externalizing symptoms on the other scales. Results After confirming the one‐factor structure of the SCAS‐C‐8 and its psychometric properties, that is, reliability, convergent validity with internalizing symptoms and discriminant validity with externalizing symptoms, and complete invariance across sex and age, both concordance and discrepancies between SCAS‐C‐8 and SCAS‐P‐8, were examined. Results confirmed the low/moderate agreement between reports of anxiety and that mothers overestimate levels compared to fathers. Sex and age differences emerged in patterns of discrepancy between reports as well. Conclusion Overall, results confirm that the SCAS‐C‐8 is a valid, reliable, brief, and cross‐domain instrument that, together with the parent‐reported version, could help to expand the early detection of anxiety symptoms by adopting a systematic approach with multiple informants capable of integrating relevant and complementary information for prevention and intervention programs.

Development of a Central Sensitization Inventory short form using data from twenty-three countries.