Web Service Discovery Mechanism Research Articles

Addressing Natural Language Request Complexity: At Semantic Web Service Discovery Horizon

The wondrous influence of semantic web on Service-Oriented Architecture pushes it towards a realistic and self-driven architecture where publication, discovery, selection, composition, and monitoring of services are semi-automatically performed on the behalf of their hosts or mediators. In the direction of this realistic and self-driven architecture, this research work is adding one more realistic aspect of ‘interpretation of natural language request’ to making the service discovery more usable for novice users. Three contributions have been made: (1) description of natural language request using six-slab range (2) two algorithms for extraction, sub-request generation, inclusion of semantics and semantic matchmaking of natural language request, and (3) evaluation of proposed strategy with two semantic formalisms. The proposed algorithms handle each complex service request as an individual entity and extract the demand/s of the request by decomposing it to the simple request from conjunction, condition, and negation-oriented natural language request. The experimental evaluation of the proposed strategy signifies the given algorithms. The proposed work and result evaluation is a part of on-going research on a generic discovery mechanism for semantic web services.

Toward automatic web service composition based on multilevel workflow orchestration and semantic web service discovery

Revolutionary development of service oriented architecture (SOA) fosters the integration of software components from different distributed platforms and facilitates modelling of web service composition. However, the existing four-stage framework used for automatic web service composition (AWSC), which has drawbacks and incompleteness in terms of dynamic change of user goals, adopting the functional properties for describing the behaviour of candidate services and implementing unified composition framework. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a framework for automatic and dynamic service composition that requires adding advances of semantics to web services and modifying the existing four-stage framework. We provide a multilevel workflow orchestration using an enhanced five stage composition framework for achieving the dynamic change of user requests and scalability for automatic composition. This proposed framework can able to handle both functional and non-functional requirements through transformation techniques for providing a feasible composition solution. Furthermore, it provides a solution for the problem of discovering and selecting the most suitable service candidates using semantic web service discovery (SWSD) mechanism.

Toward automatic web service composition based on multilevel workflow orchestration and semantic web service discovery

Revolutionary development of service oriented architecture (SOA) fosters the integration of software components from different distributed platforms and facilitates modelling of web service composition. However, the existing four-stage framework used for automatic web service composition (AWSC), which has drawbacks and incompleteness in terms of dynamic change of user goals, adopting the functional properties for describing the behaviour of candidate services and implementing unified composition framework. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a framework for automatic and dynamic service composition that requires adding advances of semantics to web services and modifying the existing four-stage framework. We provide a multilevel workflow orchestration using an enhanced five stage composition framework for achieving the dynamic change of user requests and scalability for automatic composition. This proposed framework can able to handle both functional and non-functional requirements through transformation techniques for providing a feasible composition solution. Furthermore, it provides a solution for the problem of discovering and selecting the most suitable service candidates using semantic web service discovery (SWSD) mechanism.

A unified algorithm to automatic semantic composition using multilevel workflow orchestration

As a result of state-of-the-art development in service oriented architecture, we need a composition framework and comprehensive algorithm to discover and compose the web services from different environments. In this paper, we present a unified semantic-oriented framework with corresponding algorithm for automatic web service composition that integrates the comprehensive process of modified multistage composition and rigor of web semantics. Our proposed unified algorithm introduces the novel features through modified five stage composition such as transformation of non-functional properties of user requirements to all stages, optimization and semantic validation of abstract workflows using workflow automata, annotating WSDL files with additional ontologies using ontology based service repository, adopting dynamic change of user requirements for discovering candidate services, and selecting most optimal services for concrete composition using non-functional properties are effectively represented. Feasible composition solution obtained for user complex requirements through semantic web service discovery mechanism for discovering and selecting the most suitable service candidates. Furthermore, our unified algorithm can provide a composition solution through wider acceptance of semantics-oriented documents such as web ontology language for services and web service modeling ontology. We evaluate the proposed unified algorithm for automatic generation of composition using our motivating scenario, namely, home loan approval inference process. We also evaluate algorithm for automated and dynamic composition on service repositories of various sizes in increasing the levels of nesting and present the performance results.

Machine learning in efficient and effective web service discovery

The web service discovery mechanism has continuously evolved during the last years. There is plethora of information available about various techniques and methods used for meeting the challenge of improving web service discovery. A tremendous effort has been reported in literature and researchers are still contributing to make the web service discovery more effective and efficient. This paper discusses various eminent researchers' work in this direction using machine learning based techniques. Machine learning is a promising area for researchers to produce accurate estimates consistently. Machine learning system effectively learns how to estimate from training set of completed projects. We hope that this paper would benefit researchers to carry further work discussed in this paper and provide an outlook for the future research trends.

Dynamic Discovery of Web Services using WSDL

Web service technology promises to provide a ynamic integration and interaction of heterogeneous systems, thereby to facilitate fast and efficient cooperation among the entities in cooperative environments. With the surge of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web Services, service discovery has become increasingly crucial. Web service discovery mechanism retrieves relevant web services from the internet to serve a wide range of users such as service consumers, service developers, service deployers, and service brokers. This paper demonstrates the model for discovery of web services using WSDL processing system and comparison between WSDL(Web Service Description Language) and UDDI(Universal Description Discovery and Integration) based discovery system. The solution leverages WSDL retrieval according to the requested term using horizontal and vertical search and processing WSDL to find suitable web services to satisfy the user request during run time.

A trustworthy QoS-based collaborative filtering approach for web service discovery

Many network services which process a large quantity of data and knowledge are available in the distributed network environment, and provide applications to users based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Web services technology. Therefore, a useful web service discovery approach for data and knowledge discovery process in the complex network environment is a very significant issue. Using the traditional keyword-based search method, users find it difficult to choose the best web services from those with similar functionalities. In addition, in an untrustworthy real world environment, the QoS-based service discovery approach cannot verify the correctness of the web services’ Quality of Service (QoS) values, since such values guaranteed by a service provider are different from the real ones. This work proposes a trustworthy two-phase web service discovery mechanism based on QoS and collaborative filtering, which discovers and recommends the needed web services effectively for users in the distributed environment, and also solves the problem of services with incorrect QoS information. In the experiment, the theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results show that the proposed method can accurately recommend the needed services to users, and improve the recommendation quality.

Research on Service Discovery Based on QoS in the Composition of Web Services

Web services are applications deployed in network, can be used in some fields such as B2B e-commerce, the integration between portals and content providers. Web services discovery mechanism is the important part of integration. We extended traditional service description and proposed a service discovery mechanism and realized the mechanism in an agent-based Web services integration framework. Results of this study can be applied to a wide range of cross-enterprise business entity docking, thereby promoting the development of electronic commerce.

Effective web service description and dynamic discovery mechanism based on the functional semantics

The service-oriented architecture (SOA) has become a popular architecture for modern distributed systems. Web services form one of the central technologies to realise service-oriented architecture. The ability to discover, select and compose inter-organisational and heterogeneous services available on the web at runtime to facilitate application reuse is an interesting problem in web services. The efficient and effective mechanism for discovery, selection and composition of web services, based on the requester’s complex functional and non-functional requirements is still an issue of open research. The research work described in this paper, mainly aims at discovery mechanism for web services. To realise the dynamic lookup mechanism, the broker-based architecture is defined for web services which is a crux of the web service discovery mechanism. This paper defines functional semantics which describe web service operation functionality in a natural form using action and object(s). A tree structure is proposed for quick discovery which is a compact representation of advertised web services (service registry) and their operations. The use of functional semantics and a tree structure representation of web services improve the effectiveness of the web service description and discovery mechanism.

Intelligent Agent Based Model for Auction Service Discovery in Mobile E-Commerce

Internet enabled auctions are one of the popular application which basically require a web service discovery mechanism that is efficient in all perspectives. This paper focuses on auction service discovery and building repository of services for the use of E-customers. The auction service directory (repository) is developed based on the customer’s desires. Agent based Belief Desire Intention (BDI) architecture is used in this model, not only to support the service discovery process in spotty or no connectivity network environment but also to automate the process so that it enables the mobile users to complete the discovery process successfully without continuous on-line presence. The simulation results depict that the performance parameters like customer satisfaction, availability of requested services and stability in fetching the services are better in the proposed service discovery model as compared to auction based advertisement facilitated service discovery mechanism.

Comparative Study of Mechanisms for Web Service Discovery based on Centralized Approach Focusing on UDDI

service is a set of related application methods that can be accessed programmatically over the Internet. Businesses can dynamically mix and match Web services to perform complex functionality with minimal programming. Web services allow buyers and sellers all over the world to find each other, connect dynamically, and execute transactions in real time with minimal human interaction. Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the Web. While creating web applications using web service technology there is a need for selecting new web services which best suit our need at the moment. For doing this we require to specify our criteria for selection of web service. Apart from this, appropriateness and optimality are the challenging issues at the time of web service consumption. Web services are important for interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems irrespective of platform. Web service discovery mechanisms are equally important, especially as the latter has turn to be difficult task. This paper reviews the latest mechanism, techniques, architectures and models that have evolved in the web service discovery area.

WSMXDiscoCast: a P2P approach for a better automation of the discovery mechanism for web service execution environment

Semantic web services aim to automate the use of web services by adding some annotations to these services in order to improve semantic expression of their functionalities. With the evolution of organisations web services and their widespread use, searching for them based on a distributed context has become a real challenge. A functionality-based web service discovery mechanism is then necessary since the functionalities are the most important thing partners look for. In this paper, we present an automatic, scalable, and distributed discovery mechanism for web service execution environments. Our solution is based on P2P technologies that proved their efficiency and robustness as distributed systems.

A Survey of Web Service Discovery Systems

Web services form the core of e-business and hence, have experienced a rapid development in the past few years. This has led to a demand for a discovery mechanism for Web services. Discovery is the most important task in the Web service model because Web services are use-less if they cannot be discovered. A large number of Web service discovery systems have been developed. Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) is a typical mechanism that stores indexes to Web services but it does not support semantics. Semantic Web service discovery systems that have been developed include systems that support matching Web services using the same ontology, systems that support matching Web services using different ontologies, and systems that support limitations of UDDI. This chapter presents a survey of Web service discovery systems, focusing on systems that support semantics. The article also elaborates on open issues relating to such discovery systems.

A Clustering Based Approach for Facilitating Semantic Web Service Discovery

The World Wide Web is transitioning from being a mere collection of documents that contain useful information toward providing a collection of services that perform useful tasks. The emerging Web service technology has been envisioned as the next technological wave and is expected to play an important role in this recent transformation of the Web. By providing interoperable interface standards for application-to-application communication, Web services can be combined with component based software development to promote application interaction and integration both within and across enterprises. To make Web services for service-oriented computing operational, it is important that Web service repositories not only be well-structured but also provide efficient tools for developers to find reusable Web service components that meet their needs. As the potential of Web services for service-oriented computing is being widely recognized, the demand for effective Web service discovery mechanisms is concomitantly growing. A number of techniques for Web service discovery have been proposed, but the discovery challenge has not been satisfactorily addressed. Unfortunately, most existing solutions are either too rudimentary to be useful or too domain dependent to be generalizable. In this paper, we propose a Web service discovery approach that combines clustering techniques with string matching and leverages the semantics of the XML-based service specification in WSDL documents. We believe that this is one of the first attempts at applying data mining techniques in the Web service discovery domain. Our proposed approach has several appealing features: (1) It minimizes the requirement of prior knowledge from both service consumers and publishers; (2) It avoids exploiting domain dependent ontologies; and (3) It is able to visualize the semantic relationships among Web services. We have developed a Web service discovery tool based on the proposed approach using an unsupervised artificial neural network and empirically evaluated the proposed approach and tool using real Web service descriptions drawn from operational Web service registries. We report on some preliminary results demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed approach.

A UDDI Search Engine for SVG Federated Medical Imaging Web Services

With more and more medical web services appearing on the web, web service's discovery mechanism becomes essential. UDDI is an online registry standard to facilitate the discovery of business partners and services. However, most medical imaging applications exist within their own protected domain and were never designed to participate and operate with other applications across the web. However, private UDDI registries in federated organizations should be able to share the service descriptions as well as to access them if they are authorized. The new initiatives on Federated Web Services Identity Management can resolve a range of both technical and political barriers to enable wide-scale participation and interoperation of separate domains into a singular, robust user experience. However, there is no widely acceptable standard for federated web services and most of the available venders frameworks concentrate only on the security issue of the federation leaving the issue of searching and discovering web services largely primitive. Federated web services security and web services searching are uniquely intertwined, mutually reliant on each other and are poised to finally solve a long-running problem in both IT and systems security. Traditional keyword search is insufficient for web services search as the very small text fragments in web services are unsuitable for keyword search and the underlying structure and semantics of the web service are not exploited. Engineering solutions that address the security and accessibility concerns of web services, however, is a challenging task. This article introduces an extension to the traditional UDDI that enables sophisticated types of searching based on a lightweight web services federated security infrastructure.

METEOR-S WSDI: A Scalable P2P Infrastructure of Registries for Semantic Publication and Discovery of Web Services

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capabilities of the services, leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries into domains, enabling domain based classification of all Web services. Each of these registries supports semantic publication and discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web service publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. This paper describes the implementation and architecture of the METEOR-S Web Service Discovery Infrastructure, which leverages peer-to-peer computing as a scalable solution.