Temporal patterns and predictive factors of depressive disorders among adolescents and young people in Asia.

National and subnational burden of disease attributable to risk factors in Italy, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Rising burden of MASLD and CKM syndrome in Asia: A decade of trends and future projections.

Burden of diarrhoeal diseases among hospitalised patients in Thailand: a retrospective national database analysis (2014-2022).

To assess the global burden of blindness and vision loss (BVL) in individuals aged 0 to 24 years from 1990 to 2021, project trends, and analyze inequalities. Systematic epidemiological analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Data from 204 countries and territories, stratified by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from Global Burden of Disease 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) quantified trends. Analyses included decomposition, age-period-cohort modeling, frontier analysis, and inequality assessment via the Slope Index of Inequality and Concentration Index. ASPR and DALYs for BVL. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized DALY rate decreased (EAPC: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.36 to -0.03), while ASPR slightly increased (EAPC: 0.02; 95% CI: -0.20 to 0.24). Absolute case numbers rose due to population growth. Females and older adolescents (15-24 years) bore a disproportionately higher burden. Low and middle SDI regions exhibited rising ASPR, while high SDI regions showed declines. Projections suggest rising total cases by 2030, with modest declines in ASPR and DALY rates. Frontier analysis indicated substantial improvement potential in several countries. Despite a global decrease in the health loss from BVL, the absolute number of affected young individuals is rising. The burden remains unequally distributed, with relative inequalities increasing over time. Targeted public health policies focusing on prevention, early intervention, and equitable resource allocation-especially in low SDI regions and among older adolescents-are urgently required.

The burden and forecast of major depressive disorder attributed to behavioral risk factors among adolescents and adults at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2050: A systematic analysis for GBD 2021.

National and subnational burden of XDR-TB in China,1990-2023: Long-term trends, regional disparities, and projections, 2024-2050.

Global, regional, and national burden of age-related hearing loss and Alzheimer's disease, 1990-2021, with projections to 2040: A global burden of disease study.

Contemporary burden of subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comparative assessment of global and Asian trend.

The unequal malaria burden attributable to child growth failure: a global analysis among children under five from 1990 to 2021.

STARD4-AS1 promotes coronary artery disease and modulates endothelial dysfunction by targeting miR-204-3p/FLI1.

Ophthalmic Trauma: An Overlooked Global Cause of Preventable Blindness and Disability.

Reimagining radiological risk communication in Canada.

Introduction: Placental malaria increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Current preventive measures are undermined by poor coverage, growing resistance to chemo-preventive and therapeutic drugs, and vector eliminating insecticides. Candidate placental malaria (PM) vaccines (PAMVAC and PRIMVAC) have shown safety and immunogenicity in Phase I trials, but empirical evidence on their potential population-level value is lacking. This study modelled the expected cost-effectiveness of a PM vaccine administered before pregnancy. Methods: A decision-analytic model compared two strategies from the provider’s perspective: vaccinating women of childbearing age versus no vaccination. The model incorporated gravidity-specific risks of PM, neonatal mortality and the malaria attributable fractions from the literature. Since the efficacy of a PM vaccine for malaria prevention is unknown, we assumed a 40% efficacy and varied this estimate widely in sensitivity analyses. Primary outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per perinatal disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Baseline, best-case, and worst-case scenarios were analysed. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to assess parameter uncertainty. Cost-effectiveness was defined as an ICER below half of sub- Saharan Africa’s 2025 GDP per capita ($1556). Results: The vaccine was most cost-effective among primigravidae. Under baseline assumptions (40% efficacy; 30% uptake; $5 dose price), the ICER was $321 per perinatal DALY averted for primigravidae versus $4444 for multigravidae. Best-case assumptions further improved cost-effectiveness ($225 vs. $3148). Sensitivity analyses showed robust cost-effectiveness for primigravidae across all plausible parameter ranges, while ICERs in multigravidae were highly sensitive to programme costs and vaccine efficacy. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves demonstrated that vaccination becomes favourable for primigravidae at relatively low willingness-to-pay thresholds. Conclusions: A placental malaria vaccine delivered before pregnancy has high potential to be cost-effective in endemic areas when targeted to protect primigravidae. These findings support prioritised deployment strategies and highlight the value of early economic modelling to inform vaccine development and policy planning.

Disease burden of maternal sepsis and maternal infections in low- and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2023 and projections to 2035: An analysis based on the global burden of disease study.

Urban environmental noise has emerged as a critical public health risk globally due to its extensive impact on human life and health. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of Urban Environmental Noise (UEN) and Urban Traffic Noise (UTN) across 36 major Chinese cities from 2007 to 2023, integrating spatiotemporal analysis, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and economic valuation. Results indicate that UTN (median 66 to 70dB) consistently exceeds UEN (median 52 to 56dB), with significant spatial differentiation observed across the studied cities. Spatially, high-density hub cities (such as Beijing, Shijiazhuang, and Chongqing) bear a substantially higher health burden from noise pollution. Furthermore, the estimated health burden is dominated by sleep disturbance (YLDHSD), which consistently outweighs noise annoyance (YLDHA). Nonlinear relationships were also observed between noise levels and the attributable environmental burden. The annual economic loss attributed to traffic noise across these cities is estimated at 3.59 billion USD, representing a significant economic cost to sustainable urban development that has previously been overlooked. These findings suggest that noise pollution prevention and control in China need to shift from compliance-based monitoring to health-centric interventions and localized noise management strategies are urgently required.

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, with approximately 18 million deaths annually, over 80% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This narrative review synthesizes evidence on community-based CVD prevention strategies in LMICs, including community health worker programs, peer-led interventions, faith-based partnerships, school-based initiatives, and policy-level interventions. A systematic literature search across PubMed, MEDLINE, and the World Health Organization Institutional Repository for Information Sharing database was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024. Included studies demonstrate that well-designed community-based programs can achieve 12%–25% reductions in blood pressure, 15%–25% improvements in medication adherence, and 10%–25% improvements in healthy dietary choices, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranging from US$10 to US$150 per disability-adjusted life year averted – well within established cost-effectiveness thresholds for LMICs. Successful programs share common characteristics, including strong community engagement, multicomponent design, cultural adaptation, health system integration, and sustained implementation. Recommendations are stratified into three implementation tiers: essential interventions for all LMICs, context-dependent strategies, and aspirational long-term goals, each linked to evidence strength and feasibility. This review provides evidence-based guidance for policymakers and program implementers designing community-based CVD prevention adapted to local contexts and resource constraints.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe chronic lung disease whose prevalence has been rising in recent years, representing one of the major respiratory health challenges globally in the 21st century. The burden of this disease on the elderly population is garnering growing attention, particularly as the global population ages. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has provided valuable insights; however, systematic analyses focused on this condition remain limited. To date, few studies have specifically examined interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis among individuals aged 55 years and older. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of burden trends from 1990 to 2021 for those aged 55 and above and to project future trends up to 2035. Our approach utilizes the estimation of four broad component measures: incidence, prevalence, death and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), using data on ILD&PS from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Joinpoint regression models were applied to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in order to analyze temporal trends in disease burden and to identify years with significant trend shifts. Analyses were further stratified by age, sex, region, country, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Additionally, a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to project future disease burden trends. Between 1990 and 2021, significant increases were observed in incidence, DALYs, and death rates for ILD&PS (AAPC incidence = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.15; AAPC DALYs = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.23; AAPC death = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.47 to 1.83). In 2021, the total number of incident cases reached 284,887 (95% UI 248,300-328,800), with the highest incidence rates observed in Andean Latin America. Across age- and sex-specific analyses, global burden trends were similar, though males consistently exhibited higher rates than females. The oldest age group (95 + years) had the highest incidence and DALYs rates among all age strata. Furthermore, incidence rates increased most markedly in high-SDI regions, showing a strong positive correlation between SDI and incidence. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analyses indicated that while prevalence rates are projected to decline slightly, incidence rates are expected to continue rising. Both males and females showed a dip then rise in prevalence trends, but the increase was more pronounced among females. In 2035, the highest number of incident cases is projected to occur in the 65-69 age group, whereas the highest incidence rate is predicted in the 95 + age group. A concerning upward trend in incidence, DALYs, and deaths related to ILD&PS was observed in the global population aged 55 years and older, particularly among females. To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively analyze the burden of ILD&PS in this age group from 1990 to 2021. Our findings on epidemiological trends and their variations across geography, SDI, age, and sex can inform policy-makers in designing targeted strategies to mitigate the anticipated rise in disease burden.

High fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is the second dominant metabolic risk factor contributing to the global burden of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, detailed investigations into the spatiotemporal patterns of PC burden attributable to HFPG remain limited. This study aims to assess global, regional, and national trends in PC mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to HFPG from 1990 to 2021. This longitudinal observational study was based on data from the global burden of disease 2021 study, covering data from 204 countries and territories. We extracted mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) for PC attributable to HFPG. These metrics were stratified by sex, age group, country, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) for ASMR and ASDR between 1990 and 2021. In 2021, an estimated 132,753 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 15,077-252,345) deaths and 2,751,644 (95% UI: 315,351-5,201,444) DALYs were attributable to HFPG, accounting for 40.9% and 39.3% of total PC-related deaths and DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the number of HFPG-attributable PC deaths and DALYs increased by 234.1% and 209.7%, respectively. Substantial regional and national disparities were observed in the burden of PC attributable to HFPG. The highest ASMR and ASDR were recorded in high-SDI regions. Among global regions, East Asia reported the largest number of HFPG-attributable PC deaths and DALYs. The burden was also disproportionately higher among males and older adults. Notably, both ASMR and ASDR were significantly inversely correlated with EAPC. The global burden of PC attributable to HFPG has risen substantially over the past 3 decades, with marked regional and demographic disparities. These findings underscore the urgent need for glycemic control strategies and nutrition-based public health interventions to reduce HFPG-related cancer burden, particularly among high-risk populations.

Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain and disability among adults, and it poses a significant global public health burden. This study aimed to analyze global trends in the incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) across countries/regions using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. To further explore the underlying factors, we combined Socio-demographic Index (SDI) index with decomposition analysis, frontier analysis and health inequality assessment. We also investigated potential genetic contributors to KOA by integrating disease risk factors from the GBD database with obesity related gene expression datasets from the GEO database to identify key genes. The intersection of differentially expressed genes with those from expression quantitative trait loci analysis was further refined using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify characteristic genes most strongly associated with KOA risk factors. Finally, mediation analysis was conducted to establish potential causal pathways linking genes, risk factors, and KOA. Our findings indicate that the global burden of KOA is continuing to increase across most regions. Notably, the SVBP gene appears to promote disease progression, potentially through pathways associated with body mass index (BMI). These findings highlight the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors, such as BMI, and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying KOA.