Direction Of Technology Development Research Articles

Abnormal Detection Method of Transship Based on Marine Target Spatio-Temporal Data

<p>Marine target situational awareness is developing towards intelligence. The practical application of marine law enforcement, route control, fishery supervision and other fields makes marine ship track mining and anomaly analysis a hot direction of technology development. At present, most of the research focuses on the feature recognition of single target or single target signal, while the research on correlation anomaly detection based on multi target or multi target signal is relatively less. In this paper, based on the large spatio-temporal data of ocean targets such as radar and AIS track, the corresponding recognition algorithm is designed for the abnormal transport behavior. The real-time batch detection of illegal transshipment is realized, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm and shows good performance in practical application scenarios.</p> <p> </p>

THE USE OF DIGITAL TWINS MODELS WHILE A RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMATION IN A VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT

In modern conditions, the use of digital industrial technologies for maximum automation of various production processes and the creation of unmanned technologies is the main direction of technological development of production in the key of the Industry 4.0 and NDE 4.0 paradigms with the widespread use of information and communication technologies, including virtual reality and digital twins. To implement digital non-destructive testing, service-oriented approach is proposed as an effective solution for obtaining, processing and storing data of the results of various types of testing, the basic architecture of this solution is given. The simulator’s model of the industrial radiography laboratory is considered, discrete models of objects’ digital twins are constructed while obtaining an image, for which the basic provisions and tools of set theory are used. Examples are given illustrating the correspondence of mathematical models of digital twins to their graphical counterparts, as well as the image formed on the detector as a result of modeling and performing a radiation type of non-destructive testing. It is noted that the virtualization of such a complex technical facility as an industrial radiography laboratory allows for a short period of time and at minimal cost to verify the feasibility of technical solutions and engineering hypotheses taking into account real production conditions and needs, while providing, on the one hand, variability in the implementation of technological operations, and on the other – the number increase of trained qualified specialists according to the radiation type of non-destructive testing.

Applications and Future Directions of Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in COVID-19 Research

This article discusses the application of single-cell sequencing technology in COVID-19 research. Single-cell sequencing technology can help scientists gain deeper insights into the mechanisms of COVID-19 virus infection and immune responses, and provide new ideas and targets for the treatment of COVID-19. The future development directions of single-cell sequencing technology may include data processing and analysis, technical improvements, and multi-modal fusion. By further optimizing and improving single-cell sequencing technology, we can better understand the molecular mechanisms of virus infection and immune responses, and provide more scientific and effective methods for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

Global Collaboration in Technology Sectors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Patent Review

This study aims to identify the international technology trends and convergence structures that emerged during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic by analyzing COVID-19-related patents. Accordingly, network analysis was performed using data drawn from COVID-19-related patent applications submitted to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) between 2020 and 2022. The results showed that patent applications were submitted in 21 countries, with 97% of all applications coming from the intellectual property 5 (IP5) countries (US, Korea, China, Japan, and Europe). Technology convergence has occurred between the fields of physics and biology or between different biotechnology sectors. Owing to the nature of government-initiated development processes, technologies related to infectious diseases may exhibit a correlation between national patents and disease control policies. This study is significant since it empirically analyzes the convergence structure and development direction of global technologies engaged in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing new patent applications after the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of this study will help to establish new directions for overcoming other infectious diseases that may emerge in the future.

Research Progress in Abrasive Water Jet Processing Technology.

Abrasive water jet machining technology is an unconventional special process technology; its jet stream has high energy, and its machining process is characterized by no thermal deformation, no pollution, high applicability, and high flexibility. It has been widely used for processing different types of materials in different fields. This review elaborates on the basic principles and characteristics of abrasive water jet processing, the mechanism of erosion, the simulation of the processing, the influence of process parameters in machining removal, and the optimization of improvements, as well as introduces the current application status, new technology, and future development direction of abrasive water jet technology. This review can provide an important information reference for researchers studying the machining processing of abrasive water jet technology.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its Impact on Railways

The analysis of the stages of development of industrial production by human society based on the well-known concept of four industrial revolutions has resulted in retrospection of technical and technological development of railways during the periods between the industrial revolutions in terms of core rail engineering systems (infrastructure, rolling stock, control and management system), as well as contributed to outline prospects for foreseeable period. It has allowed to identify main directions of technical and technological development of productive forces characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution.The objective of the research was to identify those directions that are appropriate to be applied in relation to rail transport as well as to choose a few specific technical and technological solutions.In the field of digitalisation, it is proposed to focus on development and implementation of intelligent management systems for each workplace or of intelligent workplaces (IWP), which ensure development of optimal solutions for numerous operational tasks fulfilled by the dispatchers on duty at railway facilities. It has been determined that for a case of a large rail company like JSC Russian Railways creation of managers’ IWPs should be based on the scale and generality of the tasks solved at numerous similar managed objects since, for example, the number of dispatching sections reaches more than 400, the number of stations and simultaneously moving trains is of several thousand, and of train sheds and infrastructure sections is of several hundred, etc. This allows creating standard systems that are further replicated for specific workplaces while considering local specifics.Intelligent systems integrate as important elements fast-growing production of increasingly miniaturised, and to be underlined, constantly cheaper sensors, capable today of being built into almost any objects that in terms of railways comprise, for example, a wheel of a wagons or of a locomotive, engines, rails, any wagons or containers. This allows continuously monitoring the current state of any objects, as well as their nodes resulting in fundamentally new opportunities for reducing the cost of maintenance of rolling stock and infrastructure, as well as ensuring transport safety. Thus, for the first time ever, the task of achieving «absolute» rail traffic safety can be set.The article includes a forecast of the approximate time of the advent of the fifth industrial revolution and the trajectories of development of technical systems of railways for the period before its start. The use of the results of the study is supposed to facilitate to concretise directions of the promising technical and technological development of rail transport.

H–H Configuration of Modular EV Powertrain System Based on the Dual Three-Phase BLDC Motor and Battery-Supercapacitor Power Supply System

A modular approach to the construction of electric machines, drive systems, power supply systems is a new direction of modern technology development. Especially, the modular approach is promising for electric vehicles due to such positive aspects as increased efficiency, fault tolerance, overall reliability, safety, enhanced control capabilities, etc. In this work, the modular approach is comprehensively applied to an EV powertrain system, which includes a dual three-phase (DTP) BLDC motor with two machine modules of an asymmetric configuration, two battery modules and a supercapacitor module (SCM). The proposed H–H configuration of modular EV powertrain system includes four voltage source inverters that combine the power modules with the open ends of the windings (OEW) of the module machine armature, and provide control of their operation. Based on the developed mode system of the OEW machine module operation for EV traction and braking, a general control algorithm for the proposed configuration of the modular EV powertrain system has been developed. It combines the control of the operating modes with the functions of maintaining the required SOC level of the SCM and equalizing the SOCs of the two battery modules. The conducted simulation and experimental studies confirmed the workability and effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

METHODICAL PROVISION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF A HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE ON THE BASIS OF SCORE-COEFFICIENT METHOD

Topicality. The development of high-tech industrial enterprises in the conditions of the socio-economic crisis of the world economy and the state of war in Ukraine can become one of the actual promising directions for choosing a strategy for the development of Ukraine's innovative economy. This will allow the country to produce products with a high level of added value, to increase the level of export of products, which will contribute to increasing the competitiveness of the domestic economy, reducing dependence on the technologies of foreign countries and leaving the shadow of the "raw material appendage", socio-economic growth and sustainable development. Such achievements are possible taking into account the evolutionary approach to the management of the development of high-tech industrial enterprises and the justification of the choice of priorities taking into account the scientific and technological component on the basis of forecasting directions of technological development and know-how, ways of developing venture investments and directions of state support for enterprises of high-tech industries, coordinated financial credit, depreciation and structural policies. For this purpose, the selection of methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises is relevant, one of which is the ball-coefficient method, which is studied in the article.Aim and tasks. To provide methodical support for evaluating the efficiency of the operation of a high-tech industrial enterprise based on the point-coefficient methodMaterials and Methods. The results of the comparative analysis and theoretical generalization of developments, scientific approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of the functioning of high-tech industrial enterprises are covered in publications of a fundamental, analytical and practical nature, which form the material and methodical basis of the research. The evaluation of efficiency was carried out using the point-coefficient method. This method, unlike the existing ones, is based on an integral indicator and an expert assessment based on the final evaluation of scientific and technological, industrial, organizational, social and economic potentials and additional preliminary studies.Research results. As modern real practice shows, only reforming the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy will not solve the issue of creating real opportunities for domestic enterprises exit from the crisis. That is why the task of evaluating the effectiveness of high-tech management has arisen enterprises. For this purpose, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures for the preparation and implementation of scientific-based, scientific-technological, organizational and management solutions that have a high-tech direction and to form the appropriate methodological support for the management of high-tech activities of industrial enterprises. The prerequisites for achieving the set goals are orientation towards international standards for determining the efficiency of high-tech enterprise activities and assessing the competitiveness of the products produced by them. To determine the level of efficiency of the operation of a high-tech enterprise, it is necessary to determine its high-tech potential in general, which consists not only of production potential, but also of scientific and technological, organizational, social and environmental potential. The article proposes a point-coefficient method for determining a single integral indicator of the high-tech potential of an industrial enterprise, taking into account expert assessments. One of the most important such indicators is the determination of the specific weight of scientific and research developments assigned to the highest quality category. Therefore, the issue of quality attestation of high-tech projects has been investigated. These certification data are included in the system for assessing the quality of functioning of a high-tech enterprise. To expand the company's potential, it is proposed to use such a CASE tool as BPwin. In the future, this will become the basis for the development and implementation of an information model of the investment process, which will lead to the further expansion of the enterprise and the production of high-tech products. This will provide an opportunity to make a decision about making long-term investments by the enterprise to increase the high-tech potential of the enterprise based on the calculation of expected performance indicators. The information model built in this way acts as a basis for solving tasks related to increasing the efficiency of the operation of high-tech production, determining the economically feasible limits of robotization of technological operations, and choosing the parameters and type of equipment.Conclusion. The article developed a methodology with a corresponding system of indicators for evaluating the efficiency of the high-tech industrial enterprise using the point-coefficient method. The components of the high-tech potential of the enterprise, as well as the requirements and compliance with regard to the certification of high-tech projects, are determined. The requirements for modern design and technological documentation for the development and production of high-tech products and for its technical and economic level for the formation of an information model for calculating expected performance indicators are substantiated.

遊水地築堤材料の選択におけるサステイナビリティ評価

Sustainability is the keyword of the times. Resilience and CO2 reduction are being focused in the construction sector. In general, the current structural design system does not include environmental impacts and cost. The purpose of this study is to investigate a feasibility of sustainability design, in which social, economic, and environmental aspects are taken into account, through case studies. Sustainability evaluation for the selection of bank materials in a flood control embankment construction project was conducted. From the study, it was found that stabilization and crushed soil made of cementitious materials is less expensive than mechanical stabilization, has higher utilization of excavated soil and uses fewer natural resources, but generates more CO2 emissions. In a comparison between cement-based stabilizer and blast furnace slag cements, the stabilizing material is superior in terms of cost, CO2 emissions, and natural resource consumption. It can be concluded that sustainability assessment is beneficial as the material selection is easy and a direction of technology development is clarified.

Application Prospect of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Technology

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, its application prospects in computer network technology are gradually showing. In the introduction, the research points out the importance and prospects of artificial intelligence in computer networks, and then introduces the basic concepts and technologies of artificial intelligence in computer network technology from the aspects of machine learning technology, intelligent interaction technology and data analysis technology. In the application of enterprise network architecture, this study reveals the intelligent upgrading of network equipment such as routers and switches, as well as the way of using artificial intelligence in security defense and risk management. In terms of mobile Internet network technology, this study analyzes the deep integration of artificial intelligence and 5G mobile communication, as well as the improvement of network service quality and the artificial transformation of operation support technology. Finally, this paper draws the conclusion that artificial intelligence is becoming the strongest assistant in the field of computer network technology, and it is the direction of future network technology development.

Obstacle avoidance control algorithm of self-driving electric vehicle based on DRL

Facing the increasingly severe pressure of environmental pollution, road safety and traffic congestion, intelligent vehicle has become the development focus of modern automobile industry, and it is also the main direction and key competitive field of automobile technology development in the future. This trend puts forward higher requirements for vehicle control system. Under the background of the vigorous development of electric vehicle and automatic driving technology, through the overall planning of obstacle avoidance strategy of automatic driving electric vehicle, studying the correct control method and designing obstacle avoidance system under different working conditions, it has theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for the development of obstacle avoidance control system of automatic driving electric vehicle in the future. This chapter first introduces the basic theoretical knowledge of reinforcement learning, then introduces the DL theory and classical neural network, and finally introduces DQN and DDPG algorithms in DRL, so as to interact RL data. Combining DL with reinforcement learning, the feature representation of complex driving scene is established, which is used as input to train intelligent vehicle obstacle avoidance control strategies that can complete various driving tasks, and transplanted to practical applications, so that they have better performance in automatic driving obstacle avoidance control. To sum up, DRL has great research and application value for obstacle avoidance control of self-driving electric vehicles, which can greatly promote the level of intelligent transportation system.

Methodological Evaluation of Human Capital in the Digital Economy

"The purpose of this paper is to analyse methodological approaches to form human capital in a way to improve them. Among the methods used were the analytical method, the functional method, the systematic analysis method, the deduction method, the comparison method and the synthesis method. The authors identified the parameters affecting human capital and the main areas for improvement and staff development in the context of digitalisation. They provided the recommendations on the choice of qualitative assessment methods and on the challenges of human capital development in the digital economy. The researchers defined the essence and the directions of overcoming human capital dysfunction when ensuring effective development of intellectual capital in the digital economy. They pointed out the importance of human capital in the development of modern economic relations and the direction of technological development in the economy. The authors identified the advantages and the disadvantages of existing methodologies for the measurement of human capital in the functioning and development of the modern economy."

Integrated process design and analysis for co-production of biofuels with adipic acid and tetrahydrofuran

Here, we developed an integrated process to co-produce biofuels with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and adipic acid (ADA) from lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, an alternative process to produce THF alone was proposed and assessed for their economic and environmental impacts. Using pinch analysis, heat integration was performed to reduce the required energy consumption. A techno-economic analysis determined the minimum selling price (MSP) of biofuel to be $3.03/GGE and $3.52/GGE for the strategies A and B, respectively. To evaluate the effects of changes in various economic parameters, a sensitivity analysis was implemented, which determined the discount rate as the most impactful variable on MSP, followed by the inside battery limits capital investment. An uncertainty analysis showed that changes in the prices of feedstock and byproducts have relatively less impact on the economic stability of the process, whereas changes in the discount rate significantly undermine the economics of the process. Finally, a life-cycle assessment was conducted to determine the environmental impact of the proposed processes. The alternative case is more environmentally beneficial than base case to the electricity produced by burning lignin that replaces fossil fuel-derived electricity. These analyses present directions for technology development to lower the environmental impact and economic costs.

A Measuring Method Based on Graph Structure for Decision-Making Complexity in Major Science and Technology Projects

Unlike general large-scale projects, major science and technology projects (MSTPs) are strategically positioned to meet national needs, reflecting the forward-looking direction of science and technology development. The correctness of decision making for MSTPs is crucial for the long-term development and strategic interests of the country. To measure decision complexity accurately, we propose a graph-based approach that utilizes information entropy theory. This approach provides decision makers with a theoretical foundation for effectively managing decision complexity.

Current performance and future development paths of transparent PV glazing in a multi-domain perspective

Transparent PV (TPV) layers allow solar energy exploitation across the thermal, daylighting, and energy conversion domains. However, the current power conversion efficiency (PCE) and visible transmittance (VT) features of such systems may hinder the effectiveness of such solutions when the global performance of the building envelope is considered. In this study we assessed, from a multi-domain perspective, if the performance of façade configurations based on commercially available TPV layers can compete with the performance of façade configurations based on more conventional (opaque) PV solutions. The outcome of this research is thus, on the one hand, a better, evidence-based understanding of the current performance levels of this technology – whether it is mature enough for successful uptake, and which applications are the most relevant – and on the other hand, evidence-based recommendations for product development paths to make TPV systems more competitive for a wider range of applications. In this simulation study we employed a simple room with standardised user patterns and requirements, and repeated the analysis in multiple European climates, to make our results as generic as possible. We carried out the analysis by computing and comparing the performance across the three different domains (total energy use, daylighting, and energy conversion), thanks to a co-simulation environment, of south-facing façade configurations with different TPV or opaque BIPV solutions, which were parametrically changed in terms of window-to-wall ratio, glazing type, and BIPV system. The results showed that TPV systems provided global performance levels that were, in a large range of cases, worse than those of other façade configurations integrating only opaque PV layers and conventional glazing. The trade-off between solar/visual transmittance and absorptance, necessary to ensure a certain PV conversion output in TPV layers, led to a worse global (multi-domain) performance in all the investigated climates. When a fully glazed façade is an absolute design requirement, TPV-based façades can give a better total energy performance than solutions without any PV conversion feature, while providing acceptable daylighting exploitation. However, these envelope solutions showed a worse performance compared to other configurations with a better, more balanced window-to-wall ratio, with BIPV only on opaque surfaces. Accordingly, these findings have implications for both recommended applications of today’s TPV systems and technology development directions. Current TPV systems may be suitable for large, glazed surfaces (such as atria or roofs above circulation spaces) where visual performance requirements are less tight than in office or dwelling settings. TPV solutions can become more competitive for broader façade applications if a PCE of at least 3 times the current value is achieved without reducing the VT. Increasing the VT while keeping the current PCE could also be a suitable research trajectory to enable TPV systems that provide a better balance in solar energy exploitation. Combining a TPV with more advanced glazing solutions (e.g., vacuum insulation or thin-glass glazing) can, however, only marginally expand the range of usability of these systems.

A critical review of automated extraction of rock mass parameters using 3D point cloud data

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive review aimed at gaining insights into the current state of research on quantification technology used for acquiring three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data of rock masses and extracting vital structural information. Addressing this significant challenge and problem within the field of rock engineering is the main objective of this study. The timely and accurate acquisition of rock mass data and fine characterization of rock mass parameters can avoid unnecessary personnel injury and property damage. First, the methods of point cloud information acquisition and structural information extraction are systematically summarized and classified. Then, various existing methods are analyzed for their advantages and disadvantages. Based on this analysis, the future development direction of relevant technologies is proposed to improve the level of acquisition of 3D information of rock mass and the level of extraction of key information of rock mass. The results indicate that rock mass point cloud information acquisition technology can be classified into two types: laser point cloud acquisition and image reconstruction based on structure from motion (SfM) algorithm. Rock mass structural information can be classified into rock mass structural planes and their attitudes, rock mass traces and their geometric parameters, and other rock mass parameters, including structural plane roughness, spacing, and block characteristics, etc. Different acquisition technologies and feature extraction methods have their own advantages, disadvantages, and applicable ranges. Therefore, a comprehensive selection of various evaluation methods should be made based on specific engineering characteristics and existing data situations in practice.

Biomethane Production from Sugarcane Vinasse in a Circular Economy: Developments and Innovations

Sugarcane ethanol production generates about 360 billion liters of vinasse, a liquid effluent with an average chemical oxygen demand of 46,000 mg/L. Vinasse still contains about 11% of the original energy from sugarcane juice, but this chemical energy is diluted. This residue, usually discarded or applied in fertigation, is a suitable substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD). Although the technology is not yet widespread—only 3% of bioethanol plants used it in Brazil in the past, most discontinuing the process—the research continues. With a biomethane potential ranging from 215 to 324 L of methane produced by kilogram of organic matter in vinasse, AD could improve the energy output of sugarcane biorefineries. At the same time, the residual digestate could still be used as an agricultural amendment or for microalgal production for further stream valorization. This review presents the current technology for ethanol production from sugarcane and describes the state of the art in vinasse AD, including technological trends, through a recent patent evaluation. It also appraises the integration of vinasse AD in an ideal sugarcane biorefinery approach. It finally discusses bottlenecks and presents possible directions for technology development and widespread adoption of this simple yet powerful approach for bioresource recovery.

Application of microfluidic chips in the simulation of the urinary system microenvironment.

The urinary system, comprising the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, has a unique mechanical and fluid microenvironment, which is essential to the urinary system growth and development. Microfluidic models, based on micromachining and tissue engineering technology, can integrate pathophysiological characteristics, maintain cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and accurately simulate the vital characteristics of human tissue microenvironments. Additionally, these models facilitate improved visualization and integration and meet the requirements of the laminar flow environment of the urinary system. However, several challenges continue to impede the development of a tissue microenvironment with controllable conditions closely resemble physiological conditions. In this review, we describe the biochemical and physical microenvironment of the urinary system and explore the feasibility of microfluidic technology in simulating the urinary microenvironment and pathophysiological characteristics in vitro. Moreover, we summarize the current research progress on adapting microfluidic chips for constructing the urinary microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and suggest directions for future development and application of microfluidic technology in constructing the urinary microenvironment in vitro.

Applications of Chromatic Confocal Technology in Precision Geometric Measurement of Workpieces

Chromatic confocal technology is increasingly applied in industries that require high-precision geometric measurements such as aerospace, naval ordnance, and medical electronics owing to its advantages in testing accuracy, real-time performance, anti-interference, and no damage to tested workpieces. This paper introduces the measurement principle of chromatic confocal technology and the structure of chromatic confocal sensors, and enumerates several typical application scenarios of the technology from the aspects of thickness measurement, profile, 3D topography scanning, roughness measurement, and wafer comprehensive parameter measurement. It also looks into potential development directions of chromatic confocal technology.

A way to utilize SOFC systems: The energy solution for next-generation smart farm

In the field of food and agriculture, fuel cell-based energy supply technology is gaining much attention for sustainable food systems with carbon neutrality by 2050. Previous studies have focused on the electricity balance using polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) without considering the temperature quality to maintain the environmental conditions required in smart farms. However, this study proposes a system that can provide all four energy sources (electricity, cooling, heating, and CO<sub>2</sub>) required by smart farms by using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), which can utilize high-quality heat. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed idea, we demonstrate the world's first 10 kW-class SOFC-based integrated system for a smart farm in Jinju, South Korea. The system's core components consist of a SOFC system, a hot thermal storage system, a cold thermal storage system, and a CO<sub>2</sub> supply system. In this study, the applicability of the proposed system is verified by the experimental results of the effective production of cold and hot heat required by smart farms. In addition, the technical problems encountered during the demonstration are presented. In doing so, we suggest the direction of more economical and sustainable SOFC technology development for smart farm applications.