Direct Investment In Order Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF THE POLICY OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS TO THE ECONOMY OF THE VINNYTSIA REGION AND THE VINNYTSIA CITY TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY

It has been established that foreign investments play an important role both in the development of the country as a whole and of individual territorial communities (hereinafter referred to as TC) in particular, as it is an additional source of funds that allows the introduction of advanced technologies and accelerates the process of economic integration into the world economy. It has been proven that legal regulation of investment activities in Ukraine is based on the international law and a number of national regulatory and legal documents. However, taking into account the changes that are dynamically taking place in the world, as well as the state of war in Ukraine, there is a need to improve domestic legislation in the field of investment attraction. Using the example of Vinnytsia Region and Vinnytsia City Territorial Community, the investment activity in the pre-war period (2019-2021) was considered and the positive dynamics of attracting foreign investments to the economy of the region was determined. There is a change in the main investor countries of Vinnytsia: in 2021, the USA joined the top five with a share of 6.08%, while Germany moved to the sixth place. During the studied period, most foreign investments were made to the industry of the region. The strengths and weaknesses of the studied community were studied with the help of a SWOT analysis, which showed the presence of favorable conditions for attracting foreign investment, however, the current situation in the country does not allow to fully use all the strengths. An analysis of the Methodology and standards of attracting and supporting investors in the Vinnytsia City TC was made, which can become a strong basis for improving the investment attractiveness of the region. It is proposed to adjust the state’s strategy for attracting foreign direct investment in order to adequately respond to modern challenges facing Ukraine. Measures have been developed to promote the attraction of investments in the Vinnytsia City TC for the post-war recovery of the economy and its development on the basis of innovation and energy efficiency.

The Influence of Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism on Carbon Emission in China

The aim of this research is to examine the potential influence of FDI inflows and tourism industry on carbon dioxide emissions in China using System GMM models for a sample period of 1980–2019. Using FMOLS and DOLS models, this research examines the long-term relationship between the variables, as well as the long-term association among components. Co-joining the boards of FMOLS and DOLS models shows a general correlation between the investigation elements and CO2 emissions in China. FDI, tourism sector, and environment-friendly electricity use have all been major contributors to rising CO2 emissions in China for a long time. Using System GMM, FMOLS, and DOLS models in China, we examined the influence of the travel sector on carbon dioxide emissions as well as environment-friendly electricity usage and foreign direct investment. The government of China is being pushed to attract more foreign direct investment in order to improve the system and expand the transportation industry. As a reasonable responsibility to an unnatural climate change, methods for developing the movement business and theories relating to the movement business should be adopted.

SYMMETRIC IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN: DO THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISES AND POLITICAL REGIMES MATTER?

Understanding currency fluctuations carries a high level of risk. A currency can slide or spike as a response of an economic indicators revelation or an unexpected political event, both of which are unforeseeable. As foreign investors become more optimistic about the country’s future, a healthier economy usually requires a strong currency. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the exchange rate volatility risk in the context of direct investment in order to develop preventive policy routes that would encourage foreign investors into the country. To this purpose, the autoregressive distributive least square (ARDL) technique has been employed to investigate the symmetric effect of exchange rate volatility on foreign direct investment (FDI) during global financial crises and political regimes from January 2000 to December 2018. In order to eliminate arbitrariness, the study uses the most accredited estimate of volatility, GARCH (1 1), as part of the re-estimation process. Besides this, the interaction has been studied under various regimes to see how the political environment affects foreign market participants’ expectations for future gains. The findings suggest that exchange rate volatility is adversely related to FDI and is a source of decreased net foreign investment in Pakistan. It also illustrates that during times of crises and apolitical regimes, Pakistan’s average FDI falls dramatically. The findings are extended to the context of Pakistan that has seen significant rupee volatility for the past few years. Our study recommends that policymakers should pursue exchange rate measures that promote exchange rate stability, which might assist to minimize risk of exchange rate volatility and so attract higher FDI. It is also crucial to formulate more sustainable investment methods that allow for efficient capital allocation during times of economic uncertainty.

Modelling Total Factor Productivity in a Developing Economy

Abstract Total factor productivity is an important driver of economic growth. It is therefore important to understand its determinants. This will help to enhance it and accelerate economic growth. The objective of this paper is therefore to investigate drivers of total factor productivity in Angola. The investigation covers the period 1995 – 2018. It is conducted for selected sectors of the economy. The results show that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on total factor productivity in all sectors. Increase in openness of the economy and depreciation the exchange rate have a positive effect on total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector. However, an increase in these two variables is associated with a decrease in total factor productivity of the primary and service sectors. The results indicate that a rise in inflation is associated with a decrease in total factor productivity in the manufacturing and service sectors. However, an increase in inflation is positively associated with an increase in total factor productivity in the primary sector. Increase in official development assistance impact negatively on total factor productivity in the primary and service sectors. This variable has a positive effect on total factor productivity of the manufacturing sector. The implication of these results is that Angola should pursue policies that attract foreign direct investment in order to ensure sustainable total factor productivity growth. The impact of other drivers such as openness of the economy, inflation, official development assistance and exchange rate depends on sectors. This implies that it is important for Angola to implement policies, which are specific to sectors. This will help to enhance the growth of total factor productivity.

Analysis of the Impact of Non-Oil Taxation on Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Services in Nigeria

Abstract This study assessed the nonoil taxation effect on foreign direct investment and economic services from 1994 to 2019 in Nigeria. This study further evaluated the causality bearing amid foreign direct investment, economic services, value-added tax, company income tax, capital gain tax, custom and excise duties, and education tax, devotedly hiring Units root, VECM, Johansen co-integration, and Granger causality tests. Outcomes uncovered that value-added tax has a positive significant effect on economic services but a negative influence on foreign direct investment. Furthermore, value-added tax granger- cause foreign direct investment and economic services. It is also exposed that company income tax and capital gain tax possessed short-run and long-run negative significant influence on foreign direct investment but positive influence on economic services. More so, custom and excise duties upsurge economic services and foreign direct investment positively and significantly. Conclusively, taxation has negative significant impacts on foreign direct investment but upsurge economic services positively in Nigeria. It is recommended that since company income tax impacted foreign direct investment negatively both in the long run and short run, the government should lessen company income tax and upsurge capital allowance bestow on foreign direct investment in order to improve and attract foreign direct investment which will perpetually decrease poverty rate in Nigeria. Also, the government should employ taxation to realize more improvement in economic services and minimize all barriers to foreign direct investment attraction such as import duties and other levies to inspire investors.

COMMERCIALIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF SCIENCE PRODUCTS OF UKRAINE IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

The problems of commercialization of science-intensive products in international markets are identified. The aim is to study the current state of the high-tech sector of Ukraine's economy and to analyze innovative technologies and scientific and technological progress in the period of globalization. The expediency of taking into account and ensuring the competitiveness of the state economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is revealed. It is noted about the expediency of effectively realizing the export potential for high-tech products. A critical analysis of a number of agreements at the intergovernmental level on cooperation in science and technology is presented. Innovative activity in the period of globalization is analyzed. The problems that have become a threat to the further development of Ukraine's economy are outlined. The need to attract foreign direct investment in order to overcome economic problems is substantiated.

Understanding the Foreign Direct Investment in Order to Benefit from Them: A Theoretical and Empirical Review

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The Impact of Health Expenditure on the Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper examined the nexus between health care expenditure and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1995-2014. We use the system General Method of Moments (GMM) technique to estimate the results. The findings reveal the existence of a positive and a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, precisely; health expenditure has a significant impact on the economic growth of the region. Regarding the control variables, while the effect of official development assistance on economic growth is insignificant, foreign direct investment, the active population and gross domestic savings appear as key determinants of economic growth in the region. Additionally, the results show that health care is a necessity rather than a luxury in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore necessary to develop effective and efficient health care programs, increase health expenditure, make an effective use of the young population and create better environment for foreign direct investment in order to foster economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.

FDI- Impact on host country

The Foreign Direct Investment Policy 2016 give us a clear intention and objective of the Government of India that is to attract and promote foreign direct investment in order to supplement domestic capital, technology and skills, for accelerated economic growth. Foreign Direct Investment, as distinguished from portfolio investment, has the connotation of establishing a ‘lasting interest’ in an enterprise that is resident in an economy other than that of the investor. It goes without saying that preference for foreign direct investment has risen because it contributes in developing an extraordinary and growing role in global business. The host country where the foreign country is investing upon becomes the recipient of not only the investment, but also provides source of new technologies, capital, processes, products, organizational technologies, management skills, and as such becomes a boon for the sought after economic development. These factors give ample reasons to allow foreign direct investment to be viewed as a fundamental part for an open and successful international economic as well as market system. The research paper here tries to bring forth the socioeconomic development brought significantly by foreign direct investment through various channels.

Macroeconomic Variables, Government Effectiveness and Sovereign Credit Rating: A Case of Egypt

Sovereign credit rating reflects the country ability to meet its financial obligations (at present and in future) on its maturities, therefore, it is an important indicator that concerns international financial institutions and foreign investors who are interested in foreign direct investment in order to know the minimum expectation of risks that can be faced in specific country. This paper aims to i) examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on the Egyptian sovereign credit rating (SCR) and ii) also investigate the impact of investment environment (measured by government effectiveness) on the SCR using the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method over the period from 1990 to 2014. The results indicate that GDP growth, inflation, fiscal balance, reserves, current account balance, public domestic debt, and the government effectiveness have a significant impact on the sovereign credit rating in Egypt. This study has important implications for investors and policymakers.

Foreign Remittances, Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Imports and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

ABSTRACT This empirical research paper focuses on establishing a relationship between external determinants and economic growth of Pakistan economy. Empirical analyses are carried out with time series econometric techniques using data over the period of 1977-2013. The main finding is that external determinants such as foreign remittances, foreign direct investment, and foreign imports matter from a growth perspective. Foreign remittances and foreign direct investment have a significant positive role in the growth process of Pakistan economy. Furthermore, it is found that foreign imports have adversely influenced the economic growth of Pakistan. The study recommends that policy makers shall take appropriate steps to increase the inflow of both foreign remittances and foreign direct investment in order to achieve the long run economic growth.

Investment promotion in the South African manufacturing industry: incentive comparisons with Malaysia and Singapore

South Africa needs to increase its inward foreign direct investment in order to achieve economic growth. The purpose of this article is to explore which intervention could be launched in the short term to enhance the country's attractiveness for foreign investors. The findings of the literature review demonstrated that incentives, as a determinant of investment, are the short-term intervention with the most significant potential to attract additional foreign direct investment. A comparative study, which provided insight into the incentives that are currently offered to the manufacturing sectors of three countries (South Africa, Malaysia and Singapore), assisted in identifying two additional incentives that the South African government could introduce and three existing incentives that could be amended. The introduction or modification of these incentives could ensure that South Africa has a competitive advantage to attract investment from foreign investors and thereby increase South Africa's inward foreign direct investment in the manufacturing industry.

Awakening Giant: International Business in China Growth, Opportunities and Challenges

This paper analyses China’s growth through a developmental state framework, taking into account the positive role of the state in deliberately fostering a strategic industrial policy, with the aim of creating a process of rapid industrialisation and overcoming structural and technological constraints. It is argued that China growth has been achieved through a strong industrial policy implemented by state intervention in a way similar to other late-industrialised East Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong. In particular, there are three main features in Chinese development typical of a developmental state policy: the constant control by the state of economic prices and allocation of resources, the focus on export-oriented firms and the openness towards foreign direct investment in order to overcome technology backwardness. China’s growth has been analysed from an historical perspective in order to identify the key government reforms which have sustained and enhanced economic growth within the country. It is demonstrated that the industrial policy played a significant role in creating rapid industrialisation.

Malawi’s Intra-Industry Competitive Advantage

The paper investigated Malawi’s intra-industry competitive advantage. Using Balassa (1965) methodology, industries in which Malawi has competitive advantage were identified. Malawi has significant competitive advantage in textiles, vegetable products, machinery/ electricals, foodstuffs and miscellaneous industries. In other industries, there is very little evidence of competitive advantage. Most of Malawi’s exports are in primary form. It is recommended that Malawi should strive to add value to its exports as well as attract foreign direct investment in order to improve efficiency.

Towards an Exemption Regime for the Taxation of Outbound Direct Investment

Over the past 15 to 20 years, Canada and most other developed countries have experienced substantial increases in foreign direct investment. In this context, it is not surprising that several of these countries have begun to reconsider their income tax rules governing outbound direct investment in order to determine whether they are optimal in an era of increased economic globalization. In theory, countries may employ one of three approaches for the taxation of outbound direct investment. Under an accrual regime, resident corporations are subject to tax on all income earned by foreign affiliates (with a credit for foreign taxes paid), whether or not this income is repatriated through a dividend. Under a deferral regime, resident corporations are taxable on income earned by foreign affiliates (again with a credit for foreign taxes paid) only when this income is repatriated through the payment of a dividend. Under a territorial or exemption system, on the other hand, foreign source income is generally exempt from tax. In practice, no country applies a pure version of any of these methods, and most developed countries employ either deferral or exemption systems for active business income earned by foreign affiliates, and an accrual system for income from property and other mobile sources earned by controlled foreign corporations. While many countries have introduced controlled foreign corporation rules over the last 30 years, a more recent trend involves a shift from deferral regimes to territorial regimes for active business income. This paper considers the rationale for a territorial or exemption system for foreign direct investment, as well as key issues in the design of such a system. Part II presents an argument for a territorial system as opposed to an accrual or deferral regime. Part III examines key elements in the design of an exemption system, considering the entities and income that should qualify for exemption and the entities and income that should be subject to accrual taxation under controlled foreign corporation rules. Part IV concludes.

Burma's Economic Performance under Military Rule: An Assessment

Research Article| June 01 1997 Burma's Economic Performance under Military Rule: An Assessment Mya Maung Mya Maung Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Asian Survey (1997) 37 (6): 503–524. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645526 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mya Maung; Burma's Economic Performance under Military Rule: An Assessment. Asian Survey 1 June 1997; 37 (6): 503–524. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2645526 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1997 The Regents of the University of California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Zones franches dans les économies en voie de développement : quelle industrialisation ?

Free zones, as they have benne spreading in the Third World since the mid-1960's, intend to attract foreign direct investment in order to develop manufactured exports. They are the limit of outward-looking policies. Basing on different samples, this paper examines striking economic characteristics of these areas : concentration of activity on few products, instability of earnings, limited technology transfer. We conclued that zones failed to generate an industrial structure independent of host country development level.