High-energy fluidic microfluidization: Enhancing non-volatile and volatile flavor of shiitake mushrooms slurry.

Optimization of wastewater treatment plant layout, siting, and environmental protection strategies based on odorous gas dispersion.

Sponges (Porifera) are among the oldest known animal–microbesymbioses and are key players in marine biogeochemical cycles. Ubiquitousacross benthic marine habitats, they process dissolved organic matterand participate in chemosynthetic pathways. We quantified, for thefirst time, volatile organic compounds (VOCs, namely, halomethanes,sulfur-containing compounds, and isoprene) in the inhaled and exhaledwater of three Mediterranean sponge species: two high-microbial abundance(HMA), Aplysina aerophoba and Agelas oroides, and one low-microbial abundance (LMA), Dysidea avara. Using the Vacusip-INEX method in aquariaand in situ in a NW Mediterranean marine-protectedarea, we found that HMA sponges efficiently removed bromomethanesand dimethyl disulfide (DMS) and less clearly iodomethanes, carbondisulfide (CS2), and isoprene, while the LMA species removedmethyl iodide (CH3I), DMS, and isoprene depending on theambient seawater concentration. In preliminary experiments with A. aerophoba specimens, chemical inhibition of nitrification(with nitrapyrin) arrested bromomethane, DMS removal, and nitrateproduction, consistent with co-metabolic consumption by endosymbioticnitrifying bacteria. Sponge VOC removal rates exceeded those of bacterioplanktonby orders of magnitude. These findings underscore sponges as majorsinks for VOCs in sponge-rich littoral ecosystems, with potentialfor bioremediation and mitigation of coastal VOC emissions, and callfor further research into the ecological implications, impact on coastalair quality, and contributions to elemental cycling.

This research intended to investigate the airborne chemical communication that occurs via volatile substances released by phyllosphere-associated bacteria, and it has been investigated whether it is beneficial to plants. The composition of halotolerant Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19 volatiles and impact on mung bean and fenugreek growth and metabolism were examined through co-culture in PPD. NEEL19 volatile mixtures (NEEL19 V+) enhanced the shoot and root length and chlorophyll content of mung bean under different saline conditions on short-term exposure. In particular, total chlorophyll a + b showed percentage increases of 58.15%, 67.00%, and 29.5% at 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl, respectively. Furthermore, fenugreek seedlings’ biomass, shoot length, and chlorophyll content significantly increased while exposed to NEEL19 V+. In order to identify the range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that NEEL19 released, SPME-GCMS was utilized. The predominant VOC was dimethyl disulfide, while volatile inorganic compounds (VICs), including CO2 and NH3, were examined using the volatile trapping method. Saline stress of 100 mM NaCl influences the quantity and composition of both VOCs and VICs production in NEEL19. The consequences of aqueous NH4OH (1–5 μL) exposure seed PPD assay disclosed that NH3 is one of the responsible volatile substances that trigger substantial alterations in shoot length, root length, total chlorophyll, and stomatal structure in mung bean seedlings. Whereas, fenugreek seedlings exhibited a high chlorophyll content overall. This study indicates that the release of volatile mixtures from NEEL19 promotes the growth and development of mung bean and fenugreek seedlings.

ABSTRACTIn order to reveal the changes in microbial communities and volatile flavor compounds during the fermentation process of cabbage kimchi and the correlation between them, high‐throughput sequencing (NGS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC–MS) were used to study the microbial diversity and volatile flavor components of kimchi on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10 of fermentation. The correlation between microbial diversity and volatile flavor compounds was also analyzed in detail. The results showed that, in the microbial analysis of kimchi, 115 bacterial genera were identified, including Lactiplantibacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Tetragenococcus, among others. The average relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus was 23.44%, making it the most predominant bacterial genus in kimchi. Additionally, 176 fungal genera were identified, including Membranomyces, Aureobasidium, Scedosporium, Neomicrosphaeropsis, Phallus, and Saccharomycopsis, among others. Membranomyces had the highest average relative abundance at 85.63%, making it the most abundant fungal genus in kimchi. In the analysis of volatile flavor compounds in kimchi, 102 volatile compounds were detected, including methanethiol, linalool, and α‐pinene, etc. The average relative content of acetic acid was 6.76%, and the average relative content of dimethyl disulfide was 7.32%, making them the highest among the volatile flavor compounds detected. Alcohols and sulfur‐containing compounds were the main volatile flavor compounds. According to the correlation analysis using SPSS, 18 bacterial genera showed a strong positive correlation with volatile flavor compounds, and 15 fungal genera showed a strong positive correlation, with correlation coefficients > 0.9. The correlation analysis indicated that Lactiplantibacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Tetragenococcus are the core bacterial genera responsible for producing key volatile flavor compounds in kimchi, while Membranomyces, Aureobasidium, Scedosporium, Neomicrosphaeropsis, Phallus, and Saccharomycopsis are the core fungal genera.

Mechanism of microbial interactions driving the preponderant degradation of dimethyl disulfide in the stochastic process of community succession

Our findings suggest that antifungal activity against human pathogens may arise from common metabolic pathways shared across diverse microbes rather than from unique biosynthetic systems. Because dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide can also be generated through microbial and dietary sulfur metabolism, it is plausible that the human microbiome may produce similar volatiles depending on diet composition, particularly following consumption of sulfur-rich foods. This study, therefore, underscores the critical influence of culture conditions on revealing bioactive volatile production and opens intriguing perspectives on the ecological and physiological roles of ubiquitous microbial metabolites in regulating fungal colonization and microbiome-host interactions.

The diffusion limitation at the gas-solid interface remains a critical challenge hindering the advancement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for gas analysis. To address this issue, this study proposes a gas-flow modulation strategy based on a hierarchical pore metastructure (HPMS), which optimizes the mass transfer of gas molecules to the solid-phase SERS substrate and elucidates the synergistic mechanism between mass transfer and sensing performance in SERS systems. This approach is successfully applied to live bacterial metabolic monitoring. Fluid dynamics simulations reveal that the HPMS effectively increases the analyte concentration near the SERS substrate surface, concurrently enhancing the area-averaged velocity through the formation of a lateral concentration gradient. Electromagnetic field simulations further confirm that the in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles within the pores generates three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic hot spots, effectively increasing the hot spot density and enhancing the longitudinal laser utilization efficiency. Leveraging this strategy, a detection sensitivity of 1 part per trillion (ppt) is achieved for the gaseous bacterial metabolite dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), along with real-time monitoring capability for bacterial viability within 30 min. The proposed HPMS-based modulation strategy provides a universal solution for gas detection using solid SERS substrates, offering significant potential for advancing SERS-based gas analysis technologies.

The first total synthesis of one out of four Kikai Island polybrominated C3'-N1 bisindole alkaloids from red alga Laurencia brongniartii is described. The key steps involve both dehydration of trans-hemiaminal and a C2'-methylthiolation of bisindole using dimethyl disulfide through directed metalation, followed by C3-methylthiolation using a N-SMe succinimide reagent.

2-methylisoborneol (MIB, d = 0.6 nm) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, d = 0.7 nm) produced by algal metabolism are the main olfactory contaminants of drinking water. Activated carbon (AC) adsorption is an effective method to remove MIB/DMDS, yet critical gaps remain regarding the dominant factors and mechanisms governing their different adsorption performance. The microporous filling mechanism is the dominant mechanism for the adsorption of MIB and DMDS by AC. Surface functional groups play a supporting role in the adsorption process by modulating the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the carbon surface. This study systematically evaluated the adsorption performance of three ACs—coconut shell-derived (CSC), coal-based (CAC), and Sargassum-derived (SAC)—for MIB and DMDS removal. Comparative analysis revealed the superior adsorption performance of CSC, achieving 87.41% removal of MIB and 71.2% removal of DMDS at 20 mg/L. Both MIB and DMDS adsorption adhere to the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer coverage with uniform energy. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the PSO model fits the MIB adsorption process best, while the PFO model fits the DMDS adsorption process best. The FTIR confirmed physical adsorption, with no new chemical bonds formed. Furthermore, regenerated CSC retains significant adsorption capacities, achieving 85.89% and 68.49% of the original capacity for MIB and DMDS, respectively, after five regeneration cycles. This research provides fundamental insights into the mechanistic role of AC properties in odorant removal processes, supporting its sustainable application in water treatment.

Aspergillus flavus and the produced carcinogenic aflatoxins pose severe threats to food safety and human health. The control of A. flavus and aflatoxins have become a focal point for investigators across the world. Bacillus safensis TR-47 produced volatile compounds, significantly inhibit the mycelial growth and conidia germination of A. flavus, and completely prevent A.flavus infection and aflatoxins contamination in peanut kernels during storage. Moreover, TR-47 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against six other important phytopathogenic fungi. Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the volatiles produced by TR-47 included dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), 2-heptanone (2-HP), 6-methyl-2-heptanone (MH), and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). These compounds exhibited great inhibitory effect on A. flavus with the minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 10 to 200 μL/L (compound volume/airspace volume). Transcriptomic analysis indicated that significantly differentially expressed genes were enriched in steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation/metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, tyrosine/tryptophan metabolism and metabolic pathways, and so forth. Cellular staining further confirmed that MH triggered reactive oxygen species bursts, altered cell permeability, induced cell membrane damage, and ultimately led to cell death of A. flavus. B. safensis TR-47 was capable of producing three antifungal volatiles including DMDS, MH and DMTS, which exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth, pathogenicity, and aflatoxins production of A. flavus. The inhibitory mechanism of MH was highly related to the damage of cell membrane of A. flavus. TR-47 and these volatiles were found to be promising biological materials for the production of biocontrol agents. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Organic amendments to control odor during soil application of poultry byproducts under dynamic moisture conditions.

Enhanced thioether formation in stormwater pipes induced by nitrogen-containing pollutants: The role of the sediment microbiome.

Volatile organic compound profiles of pneumonia pathogens using thermal desorption gas chromatography with parallel mass and ion mobility spectrometry detection: A feasibility study.

Unveiling the impact of muscle fiber composition on taste and aroma compounds in Jinhua pig skeletal muscles.

Decoding spoilage metabolism in chicken breast: a functional microbial perspective on off-flavor formation.

Upscaling fermentation of onion by Laetiporus sulphureus: Process optimization, aroma characterization, and application in plant-based meat alternatives.

Effect of three pectin fractions from muskmelon on the formation of volatile sulfur compounds produced from methionine-sugars Maillard reaction.

Abstract K2-18b, a temperate sub-Neptune, has garnered significant attention due to claims of possible biosignatures in its atmosphere. Low-confidence detections of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and/or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) have sparked considerable debate, primarily around arguments that their absorption features are not uniquely identifiable. Here, we consider all five questions from the astrobiology standards of evidence framework, starting with the following: Have we detected an authentic signal? To answer this, we analyzed publicly available JWST observations of K2-18b using independent data reduction and spectral retrieval methodologies. Our comprehensive set of reductions demonstrates that the MIRI transit spectrum is highly susceptible to unresolved instrumental systematics. Applying different wavelength binning schemes yields a potpourri of planet spectra that then lead to a wide assortment of atmospheric interpretations. Consequently, we offer recommendations to help minimize this previously underappreciated instrument systematic in future MIRI reductions of any exoplanet. While the MIRI binning scheme adopted by N. Madhusudhan et al. (2025) favors the presence of DMS/DMDS in K2-18b, we find that 87.5% of retrievals using our preferred MIRI binning scheme do not. When considering the full 0.7–12 μm transit spectrum, we confirm the detection of CH4 and favor CO2 and find the presence of DMS and C2H4 to be interchangeable. Moreover, we find that the tentative presence of large features in the MIRI transit spectrum is in tension with the more robust, yet smaller, features observed in the near-IR. We conclude that red noise—rather than an astrophysical signal—plagues the mid-IR data, and there is, as yet, no statistically significant evidence for biosignatures in the atmosphere of K2-18b.

Identification of the deterioration flavor markers based on E-nose, GC-IMS and GC-MS during fresh sea cucumber storage and preservation by thymol.