Relevant Dimensions Research Articles

Children of parents with a mental illness - stigma questionnaire: validation and revision.

Mental disorders are often stigmatized in society. The stigma of mental illness affects people with a mental illness themselves as well as their family members-a phenomenon called stigma by association (SBA). Children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) are a particular vulnerable group for SBA. In our systematic review, experienced SBA, anticipated SBA, affiliate SBA, and structural discrimination were identified as relevant stigma dimensions for children of parents with a mental illness. To assess SBA in adolescents who grow up with a parent with a mental illness, the COPMI-SQ was developed. N = 930 adolescents completed the study. Of those, N = 380 adolescents (sample 1; 72.6% female, mean age 17.12 (SD = 2.01) years) reported growing up with at least one parent with a mental illness. Using confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory factor analyses (EFA) as well as standard item and reliability analyses, we analyzed and revised the COPMI-SQ in the first sample. To validate the factorial structure of the revised COPMI-SQ, CFA was also conducted in the independent sample of the other N = 550 adolescents (sample 2; 80.0% female, mean age 16.36 (SD = 1.98) years) who reported not growing up with a parent with a mental illness. To test four measurement invariance, a multiple-group CFA was conducted in the combined sample of adolescents who reported growing up with and without a parent with a mental illness (sample 1 and sample 2). CFA in sample 1 resulted in an inadequate model fit for the theoretically assumed four-factor structure (CFI = .687; RMSEA = .064 (90% CI = .062-.066); SRMR = .092; AIC = 229 155.63). Following EFA and item and reliability analyses in sample 1, the COPMI-SQ was reduced to four scales ("Experienced SBA," "Affiliate SBA," "Shame," and "Anticipated SBA") and two additional screening scales ("Healthcare" and "Social support"). To facilitate questionnaire use, only the three best items were retained in each scale, reducing the total item number to 12 plus five additional screener items. CFA in sample 2 also resulted in an inadequate model fit for the theoretically assumed four factor structure (CFI = .667; RMSEA = .065 (90% CI = .063-.066); SRMR = .101; AIC = 335 651.99). In comparison, the final version of the COPMI-SQ-r showed the best model fit (CFI = .945; RMSEA = .062 (90% CI = .052-.072); SRMR = .049; AIC = 60 008.05). In the multiple-group CFA (sample 1 and sample 2), metric invariance was established (χ2 (208) = 481.58, p < .001; CFI = .939; RMSEA = .053 (90% CI = .047-.059); SRMR = .056). In sample 2, internal consistency was found to be good for the total scale (α = .84) and almost acceptable to almost good for the subscales (α = .64 to.78). The revised version of the COPMI-SQ (COPMI-SQ-r) is a reliable and economic questionnaire to assess SBA in adolescents who grow up with a parent with a mental illness. The COPMI-SQ-r can be used to help develop and evaluate anti-stigma and general interventions for affected adolescents.

The role of valence and arousal for phonological iconicity in the lexicon of German: a cross-validation study using pseudoword ratings

ABSTRACT The notion of sound symbolism receives increasing interest in psycholinguistics. Recent research – including empirical effects of affective phonological iconicity on language processing (Adelman et al., 2018; Conrad et al., 2022) – suggested language codes affective meaning at a basic phonological level using specific phonemes as sublexical markers of emotion. Here, in a series of 8 rating-experiments, we investigate the sensitivity of language users to assumed affectively-iconic systematic distribution patterns of phonemes across the German vocabulary: After computing sublexical-affective-values (SAV) concerning valence and arousal for the entire German phoneme inventory according to occurrences of syllabic onsets, nuclei and codas in a large-scale affective normative lexical database, we constructed pseudoword material differing in SAV to test for subjective affective impressions. Results support affective iconicity as affective ratings mirrored sound-to-meaning correspondences in the lexical database. Varying SAV of otherwise semantically meaningless pseudowords altered affective impressions: Higher arousal was consistently assigned to pseudowords made of syllabic constituents more often used in high-arousal words – contrasted by less straightforward effects of valence SAV. Further disentangling specific differential effects of the two highly-related affective dimensions valence and arousal, our data clearly suggest arousal, rather than valence, as the relevant dimension driving affective iconicity effects.

Emission inequality: Comparing the roles of income and wealth in Belgium and the United Kingdom

Many studies have investigated the distribution of greenhouse gas emissions associated with household consumption, highlighting that richer households have a substantially larger carbon footprint than poorer households. While these studies have typically used income or household expenditures as a proxy of households’ living standards, the association between emissions and wealth has hardly been studied. Wealth is not just an important component of households’ material living standards, known to be imperfectly correlated with income and expenditures, but it is also a very relevant dimension for climate policies. For instance, affluent households have more scope to invest in reducing emissions (e.g. insulation of their homes). Therefore, in this paper, we compare the inequality of emissions over wealth groups as well as groups defined by other living standard concepts such as income, expenditure and the joint distribution of income and wealth to add a focus on wealth to the analysis of emission inequality. Our study focuses on Belgium and the United Kingdom, which differ considerably in their level of wealth inequality. Our results highlight that the social distribution of emissions varies between expenditures, income, wealth and the joint distribution of income and wealth, with per capita emissions being more strongly associated with the joint distribution of income and wealth than with income alone. We also show that a significant share of households has both low income and low wealth, and may thus be lacking the means to prepare for a carbon-neutral future. Although increasing wealth taxation could provide much-needed revenues for low carbon investments, our results suggest that it would have a lower direct impact on the level of emissions and emission inequality compared to increasing taxes on high incomes.

Fabrication of heart tubes from iPSC derived cardiomyocytes and human fibrinogen by rotating mold technology

Due to its structural and functional complexity the heart imposes immense physical, physiological and electromechanical challenges on the engineering of a biological replacement. Therefore, to come closer to clinical translation, the development of a simpler biological assist device is requested. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of tubular cardiac constructs with substantial dimensions of 6 cm in length and 11 mm in diameter by combining human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and human foreskin fibroblast (hFFs) in human fibrin employing a rotating mold technology. By centrifugal forces employed in the process a cell-dense layer was generated enabling a timely functional coupling of iPSC-CMs demonstrated by a transgenic calcium sensor, rhythmic tissue contractions, and responsiveness to electrical pacing. Adjusting the degree of remodeling as a function of hFF-content and inhibition of fibrinolysis resulted in stable tissue integrity for up to 5 weeks. The rotating mold device developed in frame of this work enabled the production of tubes with clinically relevant dimensions of up to 10 cm in length and 22 mm in diameter which—in combination with advanced bioreactor technology for controlled production of functional iPSC-derivatives—paves the way towards the clinical translation of a biological cardiac assist device.

How does gastronomy information presentation quality in social media affect the gastronomy destination image formation of travelers? A study on three gastronomy cities

ABSTRACT This study explores the role of gastronomy information presentation quality (GIP-Q) in social media on gastronomy destination image (GDI) formation, drawing upon stimulus-organism-response theory. Data were gathered from 219 travelers from three gastronomy cities in Turkey using a structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using PLS-structural equation modeling. The results reveal that reliability, understandability, completeness, timeliness, believability, interpretability, and relevance dimensions positively affect the GIP-Q in social media. The findings also show that the GIP-Q in social media positively affects cognitive and affective GDI formation. This study offers insights to gastronomy industry professionals about enhancing travelers’ perceived GDI.

Between-task transfer of item-specific control is replicable and extends to novel conditions.

Learning-guided control refers to adjustments of cognitive control settings based on learned associations between predictive cues and the likelihood of conflict. In three preregistered experiments, we examined transfer of item-specific control settings beyond conditions under which they were learned. In Experiment 1, an item-specific proportion congruence (ISPC) manipulation was applied in a training phase in which target color in a Flanker task was biased (mostly congruent or mostly incongruent). In a subsequent transfer phase, participants performed a color-word Stroop task in which the same target colors were unbiased (50% congruent). The same design was implemented in Experiment 2, but training and transfer tasks were intermixed within blocks. Between-task transfer was evidenced in both experiments, suggesting learned control settings associated with the predictive cues were retrieved when encountering unbiased transfer items. In Experiment 3, we investigated a farther version of between-task transfer by using training (color-word Stroop) and transfer (picture-word Stroop) tasks that did not share the relevant (to-be-named) dimension or response sets. Despite the stronger, between-task boundary, we observed an ISPC effect for the transfer items, but it did not emerge until the second half of the experiment. The results provided converging evidence for the flexibility and automaticity of item-specific control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Pinning-depinning transitions in two classes of discrete elastic-string models in (2+1)-dimensions

The pinning-depinning phase transitions of interfaces for two classes of discrete elastic-string models are investigated numerically. In the (1+1)-dimensions, we revisit these two elastic-string models with slight modification to the growth rule, and compare the estimated values with the previous numerical and experimental results. For the (2+1)-dimensional case, we perform extensive simulations on pinning-depinning transitions in these discrete models with quenched disorder. For full comparisons in the physically relevant spatial dimensions, we also perform numerically two distinct universality classes, including the quenched Edwards–Wilkinson, and the quenched Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equations with and without external driving forces. The critical exponents of these systems in the presence of quenched disorder are numerically estimated. Our results show that the critical exponents satisfy scaling relations well, and these two discrete elastic-string models do not fall into the existing universality classes. In order to visually comparisons of these discrete systems with quenched disorder in the (2+1)-dimensional cases, we present surface morphologies with various external driving forces during the saturated time regimes. The relationships between surface morphologies, scaling exponents and correlation length are also revealed.

“Building Learning Power” (BLP) to Senior High School Students Towards Enhanced Learning Program

"Lifelong learning" is a global education theme. For a long time, the all-round development of students has been the focus of the global education system. How to enable students to achieve all-round development is the key to school talent training. It not only focuses on students' test scores, but also pays more attention to Students' ability to self-study and enjoy learning has become a theme of educational discussion in various countries. Based on Guy Claxton's "Building Learning Power" (BLP) theoretical basis, this article explores the correlation between teachers' teaching ability construction and students' learning ability development. It takes middle school teachers as the research object and selects all teachers from Guidian Middle School to use a questionnaire. Survey and data analysis are the main methods to study how teachers cultivate the four “R”s of BLP, resilience, resourcefulness, reflectiveness, and reciprocity in their students. First, the relevant literature, concepts and structural dimensions were reviewed, and teachers' classroom teaching variables were explained, including Lessons' content, "Soft creativity", Enhancing skills and Attitude development, and a theoretical analysis was conducted on students' practical abilities, namely the "4 R's". Secondly, based on literature research, relevant scales were proposed and revised to collect the data needed for this study. The tool used for the main research content is a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of three parts. The first part contains the personal information of the interviewed teachers, such as gender, age, teaching experience, etc. The second part is the correlation between teachers’ classroom teaching practices and building learning abilities. Assessment, the third part is the assessment of the interviewed teachers’ understanding of building learning abilities. This study used SPSS22.0 to develop the questionnaire, and adopted reliability and validity analysis, correlation analysis, independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U /Kruskal-Wallis test. Spearman’s rho Correlation Analysis and Decision Criteria. Finally, based on the "Building Learning Power" (BLP) theory, the influencing factors of teachers' classroom teaching practices on the development of students' learning abilities are discussed and summarized, and corresponding development strategies are proposed.

Coastal Flood Induced Salinity Intrusion Risk Assessment Using a Spatial Multi-criteria Approach in the South-Western Bangladesh

AbstractBangladesh is extremely vulnerable to sea-level rise and other climate-induced extreme events, such as flooding, storm surge, and salinity intrusion. The south-western coastal region of Bangladesh is particularly vulnerable to salinity intrusion caused by cyclone induced storm surges and coastal floods. Salinity intrusion endanger land productivity by increasing both soil and surface water salinity. Detailed risk assessment using spatial mapping approach can contribute to mitigating the effects of salinity intrusion on natural capital and the environment. In this study, we established and evaluated a spatial multi-criteria approach for mapping the risk levels of areas to salinity intrusion impacts using field data and geospatial techniques at the local scale. We evaluated the viability of the proposed approach using Khulna District, a major coastal city and saline prone area in the south-western Bangladesh. We considered three risk components (i.e. vulnerability, exposure and hazard) with 16 relevant criteria for the study. For each criterion, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to build and weight spatial raster map layers. Individual maps for each risk component were generated using a weighted sum technique, and lastly, a risk map was created by combining those. Our generated maps correctly identified relevant spatial dimensions as well as risk levels (i.e. very-high to very-low). The outcomes of our study suggest that the southern (east and west) parts of the study area are mostly susceptible to salinity intrusion due to higher storm surge impacts, lower elevation, and land use patterns than other parts. We validate our findings using a qualitative and quantitative approach. We believe that this novel approach would be useful to create risk maps that policymakers and relevant stakeholders could potentially use to evaluate risks posed by flood induced salinity intrusion in coastal regions of Bangladesh and elsewhere with similar geo-climatic context.

Study on the mechanism of stone column pile formation

This study focuses on the construction mechanism of stone column piles at an iron ore base in China. A theoretical model that describes the stone column pile formation process during sinking was proposed. The calculation formula for the air pressure required to open the pile tip valve during the pile formation process was derived according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the stratum, stone material parameters, and relevant dimensions of the pile tip valve. This ensured that the pile diameter satisfied the design requirements by successfully opening the pile tip valve. The required air pressure values for different pile lengths in the field were calculated based on this theoretical model, and they were found to be consistent with the actual field conditions. These results can serve as a reference for engineering projects.

Preservice Teachers’ Level of Knowledge on Elements and Rationale for Nature of Science: Towards Advancing Quality Instruction

This study investigates preservice teachers’ knowledge of elements and rationale for Nature of Science (NOS). Skill gap is established in the literature on pedagogical practices of preservice as well as novice teachers of science, reflecting deficiency in their professional training and eventual classroom practice. Examining preservice teachers’ knowledge in these aspects (elements &amp; rationale) of NOS through a quasi-experiment of one-group pretest and post-test design was done. Instructional intervention over two years along with assignments and presentation with researchers as moderators on the science pedagogy module (History of Science and Philosophy of Science) serves as stimuli over the period. Three research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide this study. One hundred and thirty-six (112 Life Science and 24 Physical Science) preservice teachers were the participants. Element of NOS (ENOS) and Rationale for NOS (RNOS) were the instruments. Reliability of the instruments yielded Cronbach alpha values of .83, .91 and .86 across dimensions of clarity, coherence and relevance by fifteen experienced science educators. Data was analysed using t-test and ANCOVA. The study found the intervention to effectively improve the knowledge of elements and rationale for NOS. Better prepared teachers (More Knowledge Order [MKO] have the potential to improved Zone of Proximal Development [ZPD] in learners) by implication have the competence to guide learners for qualitative and effective learning. The instruments in this study is recommended for foundational training of preservice teachers on NOS for enhanced instruction.

Modelo para la Evaluación de Competencias Digitales, Informacionales y Mediáticas para la Transformación Digital

The results of the investigation are presented, which consisted of proposing a model for the evaluation of digital, informational and media competencies that contribute to the digital transformation process. A bibliometric review was carried out, for the identification of relevant dimensions and variables, which, focused on human resources, make it possible to evaluate the state of the competency gaps, to actively participate in the digital transformation process of an organization, considering its state. of digital maturity, from the perspective of the employee and the technologies available. The result of a structured model, its premises and evaluation instruments, which integrates a set of validated elements, will allow the development of actions to achieve the desired state in the digital transformation based on people's competencies.

Motivation through a gamified experience

Teachers must utilize the pedagogical potential of the various gamification technologies that can support learning achievement when derived from the ARCS motivational paradigm. The goal of the current pre-experimental study is to determine how students' ARCS motivation is affected when gamified online resources are used. There was a population of 457 Peruvian secondary school students, and a statistical sample of a probabilistic nature, made up of 209 students. The Motivation Survey on Didactic Materials (IMMS) was used as an instrument, based on the ARCS motivational model approach; with the dimensions of attention, relevance, trust, and satisfaction, this instrument was adapted and validated. After the intervention, it was found that the majority of students managed to reach a high motivational level in the post-test. In addition, positive results were found in all dimensions of the ARCS motivational design because they all reached an increase in their levels. However, the satisfaction and relevance dimensions achieved further development, reaching a high level. Keywords: ARCS motivation; gamification tools; IMMS; Keller model.

A competence matrix for machine translation-oriented data literacy teaching

Abstract This article presents a matrix of competence descriptors aimed at machine translation-oriented data literacy teaching. This competence matrix constitutes the didactics-facing side of the DataLitMT project, which develops learning resources for teaching relevant components of data literacy in their translation-specific form of professional machine translation (MT) literacy to BA and MA students in translation and specialised communication. After highlighting the increasing relevance of both professional MT literacy and data literacy in the context of Translation Studies and professional translation, the article presents and discusses a professional MT literacy framework and an MT-specific data literacy framework, which serve to structure the two frames of reference relevant to this article. Then, the article provides a detailed discussion of the competence matrix developed based on the two frameworks sketched previously. This discussion is intended to show how the individual dimensions and sub-dimensions of data literacy were linked to relevant (sub-)dimensions of professional MT literacy and translated into corresponding competence descriptors. To conclude, the article presents an example of a learning resource for MT-oriented data literacy teaching developed based on the descriptors of the competence matrix.

Examining incubated and nonincubated startups from fear of failure and entrepreneurial well-being during crises

PurposeThis research aimed to examine entrepreneurial fear of failure and entrepreneurial well-being from the perspectives of incubated and nonincubated startups during crises.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by distributing online questionnaires to 152 respondents comprising 43 incubated and 109 nonincubated startups in Indonesia. A multivariate discriminant analysis procedure was used to examine the interrelationships between both groups at the discovery, validation, customer creation and construction stages.FindingsThe result showed a significant difference between these startups at various stages, which was analyzed to provide insights into the relevant dimensions of fear of failure for startups. The essence of entrepreneurial well-being during crises is in accordance with the role of business incubators in an emerging market economy.Practical implicationsStartups need to innovate in order to grow while considering other factors such as work-life balance and financial resource availability. This is important to ensure they have sufficient motivating dosage of fear of failure.Originality/valueThe present study evaluates incubated and nonincubated startups in an emerging market economy by using both the entrepreneurial fear of failure and well-being to capture possible differences between groups. The context of pandemic crises helps us formulate appropriate approaches taken by incubators and startups in the future crises.

Examining Sexual Well-being across the Lifespan: Assessing the Relationship between Sexual Satisfaction and Adjustment to Aging

IntroductionSexual satisfaction is relevant to aging well, throughout the lifespan.ObjectivesThis study aims to compare the perspectives of sexual satisfaction and adjustment to aging in three age cohorts, across the life span; and to analyze whether sexual satisfaction influences the perceptions of AtA.MethodsThis cross-sectional study comprised participants from three different age cohorts (18-44; 45-64; and 65+ years). Four measures were used to meet the defined objectives: (a) Adjustment to Aging Scale (ATAS); (b) New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NISS-S); and (c) sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire. Data were subject to One-way ANOVAs and hierarchical regression analyses.ResultsSocial support emerged as the most relevant dimension in the multifactorial nature of AtA. Generational differences were found in sense of purpose and ambitions [F (2, 616) = 14.203, p = .000], social support [F (2, 616) = 10.65, p = .000] and body and health [F (2, 616) = 8.73, p = .000]. Participants aged 65 and older showed significantly lower levels of sense of purpose and ambition, body and health, and social support. Younger participants showed the highest score for body and health. Age-related decreases in sexual satisfaction were also found, as younger participants showed statistically higher levels of sexual satisfaction, followed by middle-aged and older participants. Sexual satisfaction predicts all the dimensions of AtA, exception made for aging in place and stability, where age is the main predictor. Ego-centered sexual satisfaction positively predicted sense of purpose and ambitions (β = .212, p &lt; .05) and social support (β = .311, p &lt; .001); while partner/sexual activity centered sexual satisfaction was a positive predictor of zest and spirituality (β = .255, p &lt; .01), body and health (β = .239, p &lt; .001), and social support (β = .168, p &lt; .05).ConclusionsSexual satisfaction decreases with age and is positively related to all dimensions of AtA, hence gerontological interventions and program policies with older people would strongly benefit of including sexual satisfaction as a relevant variable for aging well.Keywords: sexual well-being; sexual satisfaction; adjustment to aging; generational groups; lifespan.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Individual, Vocational, and Societal Dimensions of Relevance of Science Education

The relevance of science education and its individual, societal, and vocational dimensions is important issues for the modern learning and teaching process in many countries. These dimensions are considered based on the data obtained from 1541 Georgian students. The study was conducted within the frames of the international ROSES project. The structure analysis of the ROSES questionnaire was conducted to define scales and individual items, which then were processed accordingly and relevant conclusions were drawn. The study findings reveal that Georgian students from basic and secondary schools demonstrate motivation and interest in learning science, participate in extracurricular activities, use social media for study aims, are concerned about environmental problems, and consider science classes interesting. However, the levels of interest, motivation, and positive attitudes are not high and the correlations between them are weak. The study shows that the vocational and societal dimensions of the relevance of science education are relatively better represented in our sample, but the individual dimension lags behind. Both structural and content findings might serve educators from similar contexts.

Impact of Job Environment on Performance of Private School Teachers in Birendranagar

Many researchers claim that competencies and thus performance of teachers depend upon their attitude towards job related factors experienced by them. However, this relationship is unknown in out context. This study thus explores if the attitudes and satisfaction of the teachers working in private schools of Birendranagar toward salary, work policy, social environment, career development opportunity and work life balance have any relationship with job performance. This research uses multiple regression analysis to arrive at the conclusion based on the data collected from 104 samples of teachers from thirteen private schools who were selected using convenient sampling method. Survey was done using a questionnaire developed after review of the literature in national and international contexts. Performances of the samples were established based on the rating by the principals of the respective schools on different relevant dimensions. We found that salary had significant impact on the performance whereas the other independent variables–work policy, social environment, career development opportunities and work life balance were not found having significant relationship on job performance. This study helps the school principals and administrators understand a roadmap for good performance management and build performance oriented culture by ensuring positive workplace experience in employees. If the guidelines has word limitation, do accordingly. If not around 200 words is okay.

Analyzing horizontal integration and market efficiency in platform enterprises: A case study of exchanges

AbstractAs a platform for the trading of bulk commodities, securities, and futures, exchanges, characterized by platform‐like attributes, provide inexhaustible power for the further development of commodity economy through horizontal integration. This paper examines the international integration landscape of the modern exchanges through the lens of platform economy theory, specifically examining the ramifications of their horizontal integration on market efficiency. Employing the net utility hypothesis within the Hotelling model, we construct a nuanced trader utility model. Through a comparative analysis of platform profit, trader utility, and social welfare, the research discerns the impact of exchanges' horizontal integration. We highlight the intrinsic incentives for such integration within exchanges and put forth pertinent policy recommendations, adding a dimension of practical relevance to the academic discourse. The paper concludes by highlighting the role of government in promoting the efficiency of platform enterprises.

Differences in the interplay of face and speech processing in 5-year-olds and adults

The current study examined to what extent face and speech processing interact with each other and whether they enhance or impair the processing of the other in 5-year-olds (n = 51) and adults (n = 34). Using a computer-based speeded sorting task allowed to directly test the influence of auditory speech on face processing and the influence of face identity on auditory speech processing within one experiment. Participants were asked to either sort faces while ignoring auditory speech information (face task) or to sort auditory speech while ignoring face information (speech task). The tasks comprised three conditions: control (irrelevant dimension constant), correlational (congruent pairing of relevant and irrelevant dimension), and orthogonal (random pairing). For the 5-year-olds, reaction times did not differ in the face task, but differed in the speech task. They were the fastest in the control and the slowest in the orthogonal compared with the constant conditions. Adults’ reaction times were similar across conditions and tasks indicating an independent processing of faces and speech. Hence, we found an asymmetrical processing pattern between face and auditory speech processing in children, in which face identity is processed independent of auditory speech; however, auditory speech processing is affected by face identity.