Plan Dimensions Research Articles

Antifouling membranes employing a 2D planar nanobiocatalyst of crosslinked glucose oxidase aggregates wrapping extra-large graphene oxide

This paper presents highly effective antimicrobial surfaces employing a 2D structured nanobiocatalyst composed of graphene oxide (GO) and glucose oxidase (GOD). Enzyme molecules are immobilized onto extra-large GO pieces with a plane dimension of approximately 100 μm via an enzyme adsorption, precipitation, and crosslinking (EAPC) approach. This enables the effective wrapping of extra-large GO pieces by a matrix of crosslinked enzyme aggregates, which improves the enzyme loading. Consequently, the measured GOD activities of the EAPC sample via 50% (w/v) ammonium sulfate precipitation are 4,940 and 3,820 times higher than those of the control samples, i.e, the enzyme adsorption (EA) and enzyme adsorption/crosslinking (EAC) samples, respectively. The preservation of the planar GO geometry with an extra-large surface also allows the effective binding of EAPC onto a commercial membrane filter via a polydopamine coating, thus yielding a biocatalytic EAPC membrane. Compared to the commercial membrane with no bound EAPC, the in situ generation of H2O2via the EAPC-catalyzed oxidation of glucose on the membrane surface demonstrated enhanced filterability against a mixed bacterial population of activated sludge obtained from a municipal sewage plant as well as two model bacteria: gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial decontamination of the EAPC-bound membrane surface can also be activated on demand by simply adding glucose to the bulk solution. This newly proposed mechanism of antifouling surfaces employing a localized nanobiocatalytic conversion of nontoxic glucose to bactericidal H2O2 can provide insights for biofouling control via a highly effective and environment-friendly approach.

Identifying the Influential Factors Enriching the Experiences of Visitors of Touristic Religious Sites: The Case Study of Al-Khandaq Battle Site

Enriching visitors' experiences at religious, historical sites (RHS) is getting more attention than before. This research aims to identify and investigate the influential factors enriching the visitors' experience at such a site, using Al-Khandaq battle site as the case study. Forty-two respondents were interviewed at the site and NVivo 12 pro software was used to code and analyze the responses. The study explored tourist motivations, expectations, and perceptions as the guiding constructs in detailed qualitative analysis. Foremost, learning, reliving the experience of the events of the battle, and Islamic values were the primary motivation to the historic site visitation. Next, findings reveal the extent to which tourists' expectations can be met through the availability of an open museum, accessibility, and the spatial and experiential simulation of the ancient Al-Khandaq path. Lastly, the need to reconstruct the historical site in spatial planning and experiential dimensions formed the main thrust of the element of visitors' perception. Based on the foregoing, the study recommends that Al-Khandaq site should be developed traditionally as an open museum, displaying both religious and historical elements of the battle with emphasis on the visual connection to the Prophet's mosque

Oil Spill Response Planning For Amazon Region–A Crude Carrier Study Case

It is well-known that an adequate planning process is paramount for a response success in oil spill events. This is especially true for tankers leakages due to its dynamic nature and potential to cause severe environmental harms. Moreover, one of the most challenging planning dimensions for an adequate response is, certainly, the human and material mobilization logistics, which can be strongly limited in remote regions. In South America, one of the most worldwide preserved rainforest areas, the Amazon, which consists of more than 5 million square kilometers and contains a thousand rivers, is also one of the most remote area, with important logistics challenges for almost any human activity. Despite all these difficulties, however, since 1986 Brazil has been producing an average of 35.000 bpd of oil at Urucu Field, located close to the city of Coari, around 400 miles from the province capital, Manaus. Once produced, this oil is pumped through a pipeline until a terminal at Solimões river, where is loaded in tankers destined to Manaus. Although contingency facilities exist in these two cities, there is no support installation in any point over the 342 nautical miles of the journey. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the major operational risks of this naval transport and at analyzing some specific contingency planning aspects. Initially, a total of 12 safety critical areas were identified during a field inspection trip along Solimões and Amazon rivers. For each point, a qualitative risk analysis was developed, using tropical environmental sensitivities indexes and an empirical oil slick forecast modelling, as well as an oil weathering modelling using the ADIOS2 computational package. Finally, a verification checklist with a scorecard system was developed and applied, in order to assess the oil spill response feasibility and rank the critical spots over the rivers courses. For all the points evaluated, around 30% of all accidental hypothesis were associated with a catastrophic risk, with most being identified as potentially causing a severe environmental impact. Besides, all the estimated response times calculated were insufficient to avoid oiling of the riverbanks. Finally, due also to strong currents and other limiting environmental conditions, all critical point displayed low scores for the response feasibility evaluation, with poor logistics being a key parameter. From these results, navigational safety recommendations and oil spill response planning guidelines were developed in order to minimize an accident occurrence probability and, hence, the risk associated with it.

Teachers’ Readiness in Teaching English Based on Curriculum 2013 at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Kolaka

Successful of curriculum 2013 not only on the accuracy and comprehensive design of curriculum substance, but from the principal leadership at the level of school and leadership of teachers at the level of class.The objectives of this research was to describe the teachers’ readiness in teaching English based on curriculum 2013 at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Kolaka which viewed from dimension of planning, process, and evaluation. The design of the research was qualitative. When conduct the research, the researcher using two instruments in collecting the data, they are: questionnaire and interview. Subject of this research was all of the English teachers in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Kolaka. This research was conducted along one week. The result of this research exposed that teachers already taught English subject based on curriculum 2013, which viewed from dimension of teaching planning, the percentage was 87,41%. Teaching process, the percentage was 80,46%. Teaching evaluation, the percentage was 83,52%.

Accounting Information Security and IT Governance Under COBIT 5 Framework: A Case Study

This paper aims to explore the role of applying information technology governance using the COBIT 5 framework in improving the security of accounting information systems. The paper also aims to assess the level of governance of information technology in the Trade Bank of Iraq TBI through COBIT 5 processes, including 4 dimensions of planning and organization, acquisition and implementation, support and delivery, and monitoring. The study uses a qualitative approach through a case study conducted at the Iraqi Bank of Commerce. The results show that applying the COBIT 5 governance mechanisms of information technology reduces data processing risks and improves automated accounting information systems' security. The results also show that the Trade Bank of Iraq can implement the COBIT 5 Framework. Also, the accounting system used in the Bank has all the features of information technology governance that, on the one hand, ensure confidentiality of customer information and, on the other hand, prevent the system from penetrating. The results of the current study provide a better understanding of stakeholders on the nature of IT governance in the light of the COBIT 5 framework and its role in enhancing accounting information security.

Women’s Financial Literacy: Perceived Financial Knowledge and Its Impact on Money Management

This paper presents an empirical study on women’s financial literacy in a developing country, Indonesia. Financial literacy in developing countries, especially for women, needs to be improved. Traditionally, women have an important role in managing family finances. Their ability to conduct good financial management can help their family’s financial stability and improve its welfare. If women do not have adequate capacity to manage the family’s finances, the family’s economic health can be at risk. Having financial literacy is important as it provides financial resilience at times of uncertainty. This explanatory research uses a sample comprising 100 women living in the city of Bandung, Indonesia, who are in the Baby Boomer generation as well as in Generations X, Y, and Z. The data were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results provide evidence that perceived financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior in the dimensions of savings behavior, shopping behavior, long-term planning, and short-term planning. Moreover, the study results show that the respondents have a moderate level of financial literacy and financial management behavior.

Integrating Food Sensitive Planning and Urban Design into Urban Governance Actions

Food access, stability and utilisation are key dimensions of food security at an urban scale. When the majority resided in rural areas, and lived predominantly agrarian lifestyles, it made sense for the state to govern food security through national agricultural ministries, focusing predominantly on the availability dimension of food security. With the transition to a majority urban world, coupled with the food security challenges currently experienced in urban areas, specifically in Africa, these historical policy and governance structures are increasingly inadequate in responding to essential food and nutrition needs. Problematically, urban areas, and specifically urban managers, cite unfunded mandates, and absent authority, as the reasons for not engaging food and nutrition governance responses. This paper argues that this is a false position. Drawing on recent data from household food security and poverty surveys, the paper calls for new and expanded planning and design approaches at the urban scale. The paper argues that spatial planning and urban design principles and actions provide an immediate and effective means through which to engage urban food system questions. Importantly these actions are essential to the transition from the current piecemeal project responses to urban food system inadequacies. Food sensitive planning and urban design is offered as a specific approach that could assist in programming food system–related challenges at the urban scale, responding to conceptual, analytical, organisational and design related dimensions of planning, and in so doing offering a longer term, systematic response to urban food insecurity.

Finding consensus on indicators for organizational climate capacity in sport

ABSTRACT Rationale: As climate change presents organizations with unpredictable challenges, including damages, losses, and cancelations resulting from climate hazards, research into climate vulnerability and resilience in the sport sector is urgently needed. Approach: This study used a consensus-seeking method with 25 experts from 3 disciplines to identify indicators for organizational resilience. Findings: The three-round iterative process resulted in a list of 77 indicators organized into 6 dimensions: infrastructural resources, natural resources, planning and development resources, human resources, financial resources, and network and relationship resources. The highest importance and representativeness scores were associated with the planning and development dimension, indicating the salience of proactive approaches, planning frameworks, goal setting, measurement and monitoring of progress toward goals, and worst-case-scenario planning for overall resilience. Practical implications: The list of indicators can serve as a prompt for managers to assess climate resilience and begin the process of developing and strengthening response capacities. Research contribution: This study contributes to the growing body of sport ecology research and offers a preliminary list of indicators from which researchers might further develop measures of climate resilience. Additionally, the findings of this study confirm the salience of adaptive capacity and organizational capacity as central theoretical constructs underscoring climate resilience.

Developing a professional competence scale for kitchen staff: Food value and availability for surplus food

Abstract The aim of this research was to establish a scale of surplus food professional competence for kitchen staff. The research mainly explored three sections: knowledge competency, attitude competency, and skill competency. The dimensions of the scale were developed through exploratory factor analysis with knowledge competences, including the two dimensions of sanitation knowledge and culinary knowledge; attitude competences, including the three dimensions of personal moral attitude, food handling, education and training; and skill competences, including the two dimensions of menu analysis and planning and management. The results for the scale indicated good discriminant validity, convergent validity and reliability. The model comparison showed that the two-level–three-factor model was significantly better than the other models.

How important is air quality in travel decision-making?

Air quality is a topic with growing interest within the tourism industry, especially for destinations with a high volume of tourism. Several implications on tourism demand are already recognised, such as influence on health and well-being, travel behaviour and trip satisfaction. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning its influence on tourism decision making. To overcome this gap this study intends to examine the relevance of destinations’ air quality on tourism decision making before and during tourism trips. A qualitative study was carried out based on in-depth interviews with visitors from different cultural backgrounds and with different health conditions. A content analysis was undertaken to find the major references regarding the topic and to establish a comparative analysis. The results demonstrate a lack of concern regarding air quality in specific dimensions of travel planning. Nevertheless, when visitors are confronted with episodes of air pollution at the destination, they tend to adopt adaptive strategies to prevent negative effects. Differences were found between groups from different places of residence and between individuals with or without health problems. The paper ends with guidelines for those developing recreation and tourism activities concerning the relevance that should be assigned to air quality in the development of these activities. • Although AQ does not have a high influence in planning tourism trips, episodes of air pollution during the trip may greatly affect travel behaviour; • Tourism managers should concentrate their efforts on the dissemination of information related to air quality, providing valuable insights to their potential visitors; • Destinations with good air quality may have a competitive advantage, due to the growth of segments wishing to travel to unpolluted sites.

Participatory planning and social protection for children found in the residential institutions

ملخص البحث باللغة العربية تسعى الدراسة الحالية إلى تحقيق الأهداف التالية: تحديد مستوى أبعاد التخطيط التشارکي لتحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للمعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. تحديد مستوى أبعاد الحماية الاجتماعية للمعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. تحديد أکثر أبعاد التخطيط التشارکي ارتباطا بتحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للمعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. تحديد الصعوبات التي تواجه إسهامات التخطيط التشارکي في تحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للمعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. تحديد مقترحات تفعيل إسهامات التخطيط التشارکي في تحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للمعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى تحقيق أهدافها وتم اختبار فروض الدراسة وتقديم عدد من التوصيات التي يمکن أن تساهم في تحقيق الحماية الاجتماعية للأطفال المعثور عليهم بالمؤسسات الإيوائية. الکلمات المفتاحية : الحماية الاجتماعية ، التخطيط التشارکي ، الأطفال المعثور عليهم ، المؤسسات الإيوائية. Abstract Lecturer of Social Planning - Faculty of Developmental Social Work - BeniSuef University The present study seeks to achieve the following aims : 1- Determining the level of participatory planning dimensions to achieve social protection for those found in residential institutions. 2- Determining the level of social protection dimensions for those found in residential institutions. 3- Determining the dimensions of participatory planning most related to achieving social protection for those found in the residential institutions 4- Identifying the obstacles facing participatory planning contributions to achieving social protection for those found in the residential institutions. 5- Presenting some recommendations to activate participatory planning contributions to achieving social protection for those found in the residential institutions. The study reached its goals, the study hypotheses were tested and a number of recommendations were presented that could contribute to achieving social protection for children found in the residential institutions. Key words: social protection, participatory planning, found children, residential institutions.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT AND SENSE OF CLASSROOM COMMUNITY IN GRADUATE VIRTUAL CLASSROOMS

Communication, motivation, time management, rules and behavior management, plan program activities and physical order are important in the management of virtual classrooms, as they are in the management of traditional classrooms. On the other hand, “sense of classroom community” in online learning environment is classified with connectedness and learning dimensions. Hence, both constructs are crucial for virtual classrooms, the aim of the study was to examine the relationship between classroom management and sense of classroom community. The research design of the study was correlational survey design in quantitative research paradigm. The population of the study consisted of 524 graduate students enrolled in distance education non-thesis master degree programs in one of the university in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 224 graduate students determined by using random sampling technique. The data were collected via Classroom Management Scale and Classroom Community Scale. The findings of the study revealed that leadership and instructional planning and implementation dimensions of classroom management predicted connectedness dimension of classroom community positively while leadership and instructional planning and implementation, organization and communication of classroom management predicted learning dimension of classroom community. The findings of the study provided useful information in designing virtual classrooms and increasing student satisfaction.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Vertical Stress Increments of Model Piled Raft Foundation in Sandy Soil

Piled raft foundations have become a prominent foundation system in recent years as they combine bearing capacities of piles and raft. For this reason, comprehensive analytical, numerical and experimental studies have been carried out for reliable and economic design of piled raft foundations. In this study, vertical stress increments were mainly investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experimental study, model composite (steel and concrete) piles with a diameter of 20 mm and lengths of 200 and 300 mm were used. The raft was made of steel plate with plan dimensions of 160 × 160 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. The pressure gauges were placed at 2.5D, 5D and 7.5D intervals axially below center of model piled raft in the sand. The tests were carried out at different relative densities with the model piled raft. After model tests, numerical analyses were carried out with the FEM-based software ABAQUS, and the results were compared with the experimental results. From the tests results, it is determined that the piled raft foundations transfer loads to the deep layers with the help of piles, and the vertical stress increment reduces downward from the end of the piles. However, it is seen that the increase in relative density decreases the vertical stress increments in sand for same load. Some design parameters are suggested for use in foundation engineering applications.

Multiple Dimensions of Strategic Spatial Planning: Local Authorities Navigating between Rationalities in Competitive and Collaborative Settings

ABSTRACT This article scrutinises the role of strategic and communicative rationalities in strategic spatial planning. It contributes to the theoretical discussion on strategic spatial planning, where communicative rationality has usually been taken as a normative standpoint, despite the evident role of strategic rationality in guiding planning on the ground. To develop means for equally recognising the two rationalities, the article introduces an analytical framework in which four strategic orientations are identified by juxtaposing coordination through communicative and strategic rationalities with competitive and collaborative settings of social interaction. Its applicability is illustrated with the example of strategic spatial planning in Turku (Finland).

Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Fen Deneylerine Yönelik Özyeterliklerinin Planlama, Uygulama ve Değerlendirme Bağlamında İncelenmesi

In this research, it was aimed to investigate the self-efficacy of gifted students for science experiments in terms of planning, implementation and evaluation. In the research, survey, one of the quantitative research designs, method was used. The sample of the research consisted of 197 gifted students studying at a Science and Art Center. The Experiment-Related Self-Efficacy Scale was used as the data collection tool and, descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes were conducted. As a result of the research, it was found that the science experiments self-efficacy of the participants was at a medium level. In addition, the participants were found to have the most participation in the items in the evaluation dimension of the scale and the least participation in the items in the implementation dimension. Although there was no significant difference between the total scores obtained from the scale by the girl and boy participants, it was found that the students’ score obtained from the planning dimension of the students studying project production and management program was higher than those who were studying other programs.

Investigation of Çankiri City Railway in Scope of Greenway

Nowadays, the importance of greenway applications in planning studies has increased to meet the increasing environmental problems in cities, the loss of open spaces, and the increasing need for recreation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate within the scope of the greenway about the part of 11 km of the Çankırı railway passing through the city center by considering the planning and design dimension. The research was carried out in four stages: literature review, analysis of natural and cultural landscape characteristics, preparation of a conceptual plan, and design suggestions. The area has a straight aspect, the slope is 0–3%, and it is an alluvial structure. It was determined that there are registered historical buildings, but structural areas are intense. According to plan, a green area and a bicycle path arrangement was proposed at the side of the railway. Also, along the existing road routes, a walking or bicycle path was proposed to provide connection between open green areas in the city. In the design process, appropriate landscape design solutions were developed for the station area, and it was proposed that street area and some intersection points be pedestrianized.

عوامل الانتقال الناجح للأفراد ذوی اضطراب طیف التوحد للعمل من وجهة نظر معلمیهم بمنطقة مکة المکرمة Successful transition factors to work for individuals with Autism spectrum disorder from their teachers perspective in the Makkah Region

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على عوامل الانتقال الناجح للأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد للعمل من وجهة نظر معلميهم بمنطقة مکة المکرمة، وکذلک التعرف على تأثير متغير (المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخبرة، نوع برنامج التعليم) في تقديرات المعلمين والمعلمات لعوامل الانتقال الناجح للعمل، وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة من (١٥٢) معلما ومعلمة للأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة استخدمت الباحثتان الاستبانة کأداة للدراسة, واتبعتا المنهج الوصفي المسحي، حيث توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها: وجود عوامل تساعد في نجاح انتقال الأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد للعمل تمثلت في (التقييم الانتقالي- الخطة الانتقالية الفردية-المشارکة الاسرية- التعاون مع المؤسسات الخارجية ذات العلاقة- مهارات تقرير المصير) حيث أن تقدير المعلمين والمعلمات لعوامل الانتقال الناجح للأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد للعمل بمنطقة مکة المکرمة على جميع أبعاد الدراسة کانت کبيرة (مهمة)، فقد احتل بعد (التقييم الانتقالي) في الترتيب الأول وبدرجة مهمة جدا، يليها بعد (مهارة تقرير المصير) وهي أيضا بدرجة مهمة جدا، يليها بعد (الخطة الانتقالية الفردية) وهي بدرجة مهمة جدا، ويأتي في الترتيب الرابع بعد (المشارکة الاسرية) وهي بدرجة متوسطة، وأخيرا جاء في الترتيب الخامس بعد (التعاون مع المؤسسات الخارجية ذات العلاقة) بدرجة متوسطة، کما أشارت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في وجهات نظر المعلمين والمعلمات في تقدير عوامل الانتقال الناجح للأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد تعزى لمتغير (المؤهل التعليمي ونوع برنامج التعليم) بينما توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في وجهات نظر المعلمين والمعلمات في تقدير عوامل الانتقال الناجح للأفراد ذوي اضطراب طيف التوحد تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة لصالح الفئة من (٦-١0) سنوات The present study aimed to identify the factors for successful transition of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to work from the point of view of their teachers in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region, as well as to identify the effect of some variables (academic qualification, years of experience, type of education program) on teachers estimates of the factors for successful work transfer. The study sample was included of (152) male and female teachers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder were randomly selected. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the questionnaire as a tool for the study and followed the descriptive survey approach. The study found a set of results, the most prominent of which are: The presence of factors that help individuals with autism spectrum disorder to transfer successfully to work, represented in (transitional evaluation - individual transition plan - family participation - cooperation with relevant external institutions - self-determination skills). The teachers estimate for the factors for successful transition of individuals with autism spectrum disorder to work in Makkah Al-Mukarramah region was very large on all dimensions of the study (very important). The (transitional assessment) dimension was ranked first with a very important degree, followed by the (self-determination skill) dimension, which is also very important, followed by the (individual transitional plan) dimension, which was with a very important degree, and comes fourth the (family participation) dimension, with a Medium degree, and finally, came in the fifth rank the dimension (cooperation with relevant external institutions) with a medium degree. In addition, the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the point of view of male and female teachers in estimating the factors of successful transmission of individuals with autism spectrum disorder due to the variable (educational qualification and type of education program) ) While there are statistically significant differences in the point of view of male and female teachers in estimating the factors of successful transmission of individuals with autism spectrum disorder due to (years of experience) variable in favor of the group (6-10) years

Family members' perceptions of older person discharge from emergency departments.

People aged over 64 years account for approximately 20% of adult emergency presentations, with up to 60% of people discharged home from emergency departments (EDs). Many older people discharged home are supported by family. The objective of this study was to explore the family members' perspectives of older people's discharge from ED to inform new alternative or innovative models of care. The design was a descriptive exploratory study. A convenience sample of family members was recruited from three EDs across Sydney, New South Wales. Telephone interviews were conducted over a six-month period and data were analysed using statistics or thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted with 133 family members of whom the majority were female (n=80, 60%) with a median age of 70 years (IQR 91-35). Over 87% of family members were satisfied with ED care and discharge processes that were provided to the older person. The majority (n=129, 97%) of family members reported that they understood the treatment and perceived that the older person's condition was well managed (n=119, 86%). The majority (n=114, 86%) of family members reported being informed of the medical diagnosis and were confident (87%, n=115) to continue care of the older person at home. Three themes emerged from qualitative data: (a) a sense of time-moving through ED; (b) giving voice to the impact of clinician communication; and (c) the delivery of comfort and basic care. Family members reported that they were engaged in and satisfied with the older person's ED treatment and discharge. However, family members suggested that there was opportunity to improve communication consistency for ED discharge and managing the wait. Clinicians need to engage with family members to optimise quality and safety. Clinicians need to understand that family members considered comfort and fundamentals of care to be an important dimension of the older person's ED management plan.

A study of earthquake-induced vibration on laminated composite plates using finite element method

This study presents the dynamic response of an eight-noded composite plate under earthquake excitation. Koyna earthquake excitation frequency is considered for the present study. Central displacement and stresses at various positions are studied extensively. Variation in response under different boundary conditions and varying geometric conditions are presented. The ply angle in a lamina and the number of layers in a plate are also varied to observe their effect on displacement and stress. In almost all the cases, 45° lamination shows maximum displacement response, whereas 0°/90° lamination scheme always shows maximum normal stress values. On the other hand, inplane shear gives maximum response whenever a − 45° layer is present. The effect of plan dimension on displacement is also presented here. The displacement response is maximum when the plate becomes square for both cross- and angle-ply laminations. The displacement response with change in total thickness of the plate is presented in this article. The response increases drastically as the plate becomes thinner for angle and cross-ply laminations. The plate becomes unstable as the side to thickness ratio increases beyond 50. The variation of stresses for cross- and angle-ply laminated plates across their layers is reported here with different boundary conditions. A very important observation made through this comparison as a 45° clamped laminated plate should be designed under transverse shear stress, whereas the simply supported plate should be designed under inplane shear stress.

Gıda okuryazarlığı: Bileşenlerin tespiti ve tanımlanması

Bu araştırmanın amacı, gıda okuryazarlığının bileşenlerinin belirlenmesi ve tanımlanması olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın deseni olarak, karma araştırma yöntemi içerisinde yer alan açıklayıcı sıralı karma desen belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından literatür taranarak oluşturulan 81 maddelik form aracılığıyla 35 farklı üniversitede görev yapan 14 farklı disiplinden alan uzmanları ile gerçekleştirilen Delfi tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin betimsel analizi sonucunda gıda okuryazarlığının kapsamı bilgi, beceri, davranış, tutum ve değer madde türlerini kapsayan ve planlama ve yönetim, seçim, hazırlama ve tüketim boyutlarından oluşan 75 madde ile belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada gıda okuryazarlığı; bireyin enerji ve besin ögeleri ihtiyacını karşılayacak düzeyde besin alımına yönelik olarak planlama ve yönetim, seçim, hazırlama ve tüketim süreçlerini kapsayan birbiriyle ilişkili bilgi, beceri, tutum, değer ve davranışlar bütünü olarak tanımlanmıştır.