Dimensions Of Socialization Research Articles

The meaning of "socialization of health" to Iranian policymakers and how it can be implemented

Complex nature of health and disease, the impact of various socioeconomic factors on the health system arrangements and health of the society, and also the impact of health on the social and economic conditions of the society require a social approach to health. This necessity has led to the creation of new policies and programs, under the name of socialization of health, to strengthen the social approach to health in the health system of Iran. However, there must be more convergence between various stakeholders about the definition, conceptual framework, and different dimensions of this term (socialization of health). Using the experts' opinions and scientific evidence, we clarified the concepts and different dimensions of socialization of health to be used by healthcare policymakers and managers.

Questionário sobre qualidade de vida de atletas: adaptação e evidências de validade para bailarinos

A qualidade de vida consiste em um construto multidimensional composto por dimensões cognitivas, emocionais e comportamentais, de socialização e percepçãode saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as evidências de validade do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida sobre Atletas (QQVA) aplicando-o embailarinos adolescentes (QQVA-B). Foram avaliados 313 bailarinos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos (M = 15.56; ± 3.59), durante festivais de dança no Brasil de caráternacional e internacional. Foi realizada a verificação das evidências de validade de conteúdo (avaliação de especialistas para pertinências teórica e prática, com adaptações para bailarinos e linguagem – acessível para adolescentes), além da verificação das evidências de validade da consistência interna, com análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Os resultados, discutidos ao longo do artigo, indicam que o instrumento apresenta propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para ser utilizado em bailarinos.Palavras-chave: bailarinos, qualidade de vida, psicologia do esporte, testes psicológicos.

Technology Resistance: The Case of Food Production Processes

This article examines the relationship between food technology acceptance and the public’s food literacy, defined in terms of consumers’ scientific understanding of food technology. The research investigates four food technologies—food irradiation, genetic modification, biofabrication, and bug-based food—that have immense implications for consumer and societal well-being. The findings reveal complex relationships between consumer understanding of these technologies and acceptance that arise from the multidimensional nature of resistance. Using these results, the authors develop a framework for predicting and addressing consumer resistance to food technology. In addition, they explore the effectiveness of knowledge-based interventions that illustrate how marketing can enhance food literacy, reduce technology resistance, and enhance well-being. Finally, they describe how their findings also speak to the food policy, food marketing, food socialization, and food availability dimensions of the “food = well-being” paradigm.

Parenting Values Moderate the Intergenerational Transmission of Time Preferences

We study the intergenerational transmission of time preferences in a setting without reverse causality concerns. We find substantial transmission of patience from parents to children, which is insensitive to the inclusion of comprehensive sets of administratively reported controls and persists as children age. We further explore heterogeneity in the transmission with respect to two theoretically important but distinct dimensions of socialization through which parents can influence children’s traits: parenting values and parental involvement. Our results show that, in contrast to authoritative parents, authoritarian and permissive parents transmit patience to their offspring. Meanwhile, parental involvement is not an important moderator. These patterns replicate in an independent sample with richer measures of parental involvement.

The Relationships of School-Based Discrimination and Ethnic-Racial Socialization to African American Adolescents’ Achievement Outcomes

Schools provide a place of learning for adolescents and can be considered safe havens. However, in some cases, African American adolescents are subjected to discrimination by peers and teachers, which can impact their own academic engagement and abilities. Applying a risk and resilience framework, the present study examined the relationship between adolescents’ perceptions of school-based discrimination and academic outcomes in a sample of African American middle school students. Adolescents’ reports of perceived school-based discrimination and racial socialization were identified as predictors of academic outcomes (i.e., academic persistence, academic self-efficacy, and academic self-concept). The study also investigated whether racial socialization moderated the relationship between school-based discrimination and achievement outcomes. The study sample comprised 74 African American adolescents (49% female) and one of their parents. Hierarchical regressions showed that racial discrimination by peers was negatively related to academic outcomes. Furthermore, we found that dimensions of racial socialization buffered the effects of school-based discrimination on academic outcomes. Implications for the importance of investigating race-related factors in the academic outcomes of African American youth will be discussed.

Latina mothers' emotion socialization and their children's emotion knowledge

AbstractWe investigated whether “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions of emotion socialization, commonly identified in studies of European American mothers, were applicable to a low‐income sample of Mexican and Dominican immigrant mothers (N = 112) in the United States, and if so, whether these dimensions related to child emotion knowledge. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to an adapted version of a widely used questionnaire of maternal responses to children's negative emotions (The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Questionnaire, CCNES; Fabes, Eisenberg, & Bernzweig, ). Children's (mean age = 5.08 years, SD = .11) emotion knowledge was assessed through play‐based vignettes and a task in which children labelled the emotions on pictures of faces. A two‐factor solution on the CCNES aligned with the “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions of prior studies. Mothers' supportive responses related to greater child expressive emotion knowledge. Nonsupportive responses did not relate to child expressive emotion knowledge. The benefits of supportive emotion socialization seen in European American families generalize to Latina American immigrant mothers, but the negative effects of what is considered to be “nonsupportive” in European American mothers might not apply.Highlights Do the terms “supportive” and “nonsupportive” emotion socialization represent Latina immigrant mothers, and do these dimensions of parenting relate to their children's emotion language? Mothers reported on their emotion socialization practices while children's emotion language was assessed with a play‐based task. We found that mothers' responses represented “supportive” and “nonsupportive” dimensions and that only supportive responses, not nonsupportive, predicted better emotion language among children. Perhaps “nonsupportive” emotion socialization may operate differently among Latino American families than compared to European American families; the interpretation of what is “nonsupportive” among Latino families merits further study.

Engaging in Creative Work: The Influences of Personal Value, Autonomy at Work, and National Socialization for Self-Directedness in 50 Nations

This study aims to examine why and how individuals’ self-reported engagement in creative work is separately and jointly influenced by dispositional, situational, and national-cultural factors worldwide. Using data abstracted from the World Value Survey, we proposed a multi-level model testing how the relationship between individuals’ creative value orientation and their self-reported creative work engagement is contingent on perceived job autonomy and how such interaction is further moderated by the dimension of national socialization for Self-Directedness in developing its human capital. Data provided by a total of 35,120 employees from 50 nations were included in our hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses. As hypothesized, the relationship between an employee’s creative value orientation and creative job engagement is moderated by job autonomy, such that the relationship is stronger when the job held is more autonomous rather than less. However, the relationship of this Person × Situation interaction to creative work engagement was not as extensive as expected—It is stronger in nations emphasizing Self-Directedness in socializing its children. Our findings thus offer conceptual guidelines and practical insights to national and firm leaders aspiring to effect actions for creativity using both personal and situational factors in a given national-cultural context.

DESTİNASYON DENEYİMİNİN ALGILANAN DEĞERİ ÜZERİNDE MOTİVASYON VE İLGİLENİMİN ETKİSİ

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Bursa il merkezini ziyaret eden turistlerin motivasyonlarının ve tatil yapmaya yönelik ilgilenim düzeylerinin tatil deneyiminden algıladıkları değer üzerindeki olası etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için, Bursa il merkezinde yer alan 5 yıldızlı bir otelde konaklayan yerli turistler arasından seçilen 400 kişi üzerinde anket yöntemiyle bir uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma örneklemi kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, itici motivasyonel faktörlerden kaçış ve sosyalleşme boyutunun ilgilenim üzerinde pozitif bir etkisinin olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Buna ek olarak, motivasyonel faktörlerden rahatlama boyutunun ve ilgilenimin algılanan değer üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Integration into Social Group as Dimension of Socialization

Integration into Social Group as Dimension of Socialization

The Audit Court Society: An Eliasian Framework for the Analysis of the Up-or-out System in PSFs

This paper studies the “up-or-out” system that rules career management in Big 4 audit firms. In its approach to socialization of auditors, the existing literature has so far rather highlighted a top-down internalization Applying an Eliasian theoretical framework to the analysis of the up-or-out system in audit firms of patterns of behavior and social roles by junior auditors. We consider a more competitive and horizontal dimension of socialization in order to understand how auditors eventually succeed by surviving the up-or- out system. To this end, we use the concepts of figuration and interdependencies, as theorized by Norbert Elias. Based on participant observation and interviews, our research reveals that, in Big 4 firms, individuals are interdependent, as allies as well as adversaries, and that success in the

Chinese Adolescents’ Moral Reasoning of Rights Attitudes and Psychological Well-Being

This study examined rural and urban Chinese adolescents’ (aged 13–19 years, N = 395) attitudes toward children’s self-determination and nurturance rights, and how these attitudes relate to various dimensions of socialization in their family and school environments, including perceptions of parental and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness and family and school democratic climate. Relations between these variables and psychological well-being also were examined. Perceived parent and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness and democratic climate differentially predicted attitudes toward each type of right and were positively correlated with adolescents’ psychological well-being. Our findings suggest that environments that are structured more democratically and that are responsive to children’s autonomy needs contribute to their psychological health and well-being in diverse cultural settings.

Emotional Socialization and Emotional Intelligence Prevent Aggressive Behavior among School-age Children in the Rural Family

Emotional socialization is important factor to shape emotional intelligence for children. Children who have high emotional intelligence will prevent to behave aggressively. Basic emotions in children such as anger, sadness, and fear is still regarded as inappropriate emotions expressed. The aimed of this research was to analyze the effect of emotional socialization of three basic emotions and emotional intelligence on aggressive behavior of school-age children in the rural family. This research was conducted at Ciasmara and Ciasihan Village, Pamijahan Sub District, Bogor Regency. Design of this research was cross sectional. The samples of this research were intact family who had school-aged children. Hundreds students were selected by proportional random sampling in the two selected school. Result showed that there were significant positive correlation between emotional socialization and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence was significant negatively correlated with aggressive behavior. Other result found that mother’s age, acceptance dimension of emotional socialization, awareness and self-regulation of emotional intelligence had significant influences on aggressive behavior among school-age children of rural family

School Reintegration and Leukemia: Translation and Adaptation of Deasy-Spinetta’s Behavioral Questionnaire

The Deasy-Spinetta Behavior Questionnaire (DSBQ) offers an important contribution to the monitoring of school reintegration of children with cancer, especially those diagnosed with Acute Limphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which account for the main survivors group in pediatric oncology. DSBQ investigates emotional, learning and socialization dimensions through 38 questions. The present study carried out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the DSBQ to Brazilian Portuguese on the basis of six steps: approval request of DSBQ authors for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument; translation and reverse translation (or back translation); comparison of reverse translation with the original French version; assessment of a specialist committee regarding the need of items review and/or semantic adjustment; the submission of 20 teachers to Brazilian version in order to evaluate the intelligibility of items. Teachers considered the final version of the translated and adapted instrument as appropriate and intelligible, since a final consensus gross value of 81% was verified. The degree of agreement between raters was 0.6882 (±0.0247), which indicates a substantial agreement according to Fleiss’ Kappa measure. The development, translation and adaptation of foreign instruments tailored to the comprehension of impairments that impact educational context of children with ALL is crucial, given the lack of such assessment tools, the frequent report of learning disabilities among these children and the need to characterize the transient and late effects associated to illness and to the treatment of childhood cancer, which affect scholar development and quality of life of this clinical subgroup.

Parental ethnic-racial socialization and social attitudes among ethnic-racial minority and White American emerging adults.

This article utilizes moderated mediation analyses to explore whether the relations between parental ethnic-racial socialization (PERS) dimensions and social attitudes differ across ethnic-racial minority (n = 128) and White (n = 131) college-going emerging adults. We examined social dominance orientation (SDO) as an index of antiegalitarian intergroup attitudes and attitudes toward interpersonal harmony as an index of interpersonal attitudes. We tested whether there were ethnic-racial variations in mediation models in which each type of PERS dimension was expected to be linked to greater antiegalitarian attitudes (greater SDO), which, in turn, was predicted to be associated with less prosocial attitudes (lower harmony enhancement). Results indicated that more frequent cultural socialization and preparation for bias were linked to greater SDO for the White sample, but not for the ethnic-minority sample. Moderation results were nonsignificant for promotion of mistrust, with results indicating a positive link to SDO, regardless of racial-ethnic status. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed indirect effects of cultural socialization and preparation for bias on interpersonal attitudes through SDO for the White sample, but not for the ethnic-minority sample. Specifically, greater cultural socialization and preparation for bias each were linked to greater SDO, which, in turn, was associated with less positive perceptions of the value of maintaining interpersonal harmony for White respondents. Practical applications, including social justice implications, of the results and possibilities for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Investigating Knowledge Management Status among Faculty Members of Kerman University of Medical Sciences based on the Nonaka Model in 2015.

IntroductionEducation and research are two major functions of universities, which require proper and systematic exploitation of available knowledge and information. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the knowledge management status in an education system by considering the function of faculty members in creation and dissemination of knowledge. This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge management status among faculty members of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences based on the Nonaka and Takeuchi models in 2015.MethodsThis was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study. It was conducted on 165 faculty members at the Kerman University of Medical Sciences, who were selected from seven faculties as weighted using a random stratified sampling method. The Nonaka and Takeuchi knowledge management questionnaire consists of 26 questions in four dimensions of socialization, externalization, internalization, and combination. Scoring of questions was conducted using the five-point Likert scale. To analyze data, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were employed.ResultsThe four dimensions in the Nonaka and Takeuchi model are based on optimal indicators (3.5), dimensions of combination, and externalization with an average of 3.3 were found in higher ranks and internalization and socialization had averages of 3.1 and 3. According to the findings of this study, the average knowledge management among faculty members of the Kerman University of Medical Sciences was estimated to be 3.1, with a bit difference compared to the average. According to the results of t-tests, there was no significant relationship between gender and various dimensions of knowledge management (p>0.05). The findings of Kruskal-Wallis showed that there is no significant relationship between variables of age, academic rank, and type of faculty with regard to dimensions of knowledge management (p>0.05). In addition, according to the results of Pearson tests, there is no significant relation between employment history and dimensions of knowledge management (p>0.05).ConclusionConsidering the function and importance of knowledge management in education and research organizations including universities, it is recommended to pay comprehensive attention to establishment of knowledge management and knowledge sharing in universities and provide the required background to from research teams and communication networks inside and outside universities.

African American and Mexican American Youths’ College Adjustment and Perceptions of Parental Academic Socialization: Interactions Between Ethnicity and Parental Education

In a sample of 283 African American and Mexican American college students, we investigated the effects of ethnicity and parental education on three dimensions of parental academic socialization (PAS), active involvement, autonomy support, and demanding hard work, and their impact on college adjustment. Controlling for parental education, African Americans reported higher parental active involvement. Academic self-efficacy mediated the effects of both demanding hard work and autonomy support on college adjustment, controlling for parental education. Moderated mediation models suggested that effects of both demanding hard work and autonomy support on academic self-efficacy were stronger for African Americans than for Mexican Americans.

Predictors of Children's Rights Attitudes and Psychological Well‐being Among Rural and Urban Mainland Chinese Adolescents

AbstractThis study examined rural and urban Chinese adolescents’ (13–19 years, N = 395) attitudes toward children's self‐determination and nurturance rights, and how these attitudes relate to various dimensions of socialization in their family and school environments, including perceptions of parental and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness and family and school democratic climate. Relations between these variables and psychological well‐being also were examined. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that maternal responsiveness and teacher autonomy support predicted higher levels of endorsement of nurturance rights. Maternal autonomy support and tolerance of dissent at home predicted greater endorsement of self‐determination rights. Democratic climate in the home predicted higher life‐satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms, even when parent and teacher autonomy support and responsiveness were controlled. Our findings suggest that environments that are structured more democratically and that are more responsive to children's autonomy needs are associated with higher levels of endorsement of children's rights and contribute to adolescents’ psychological health and well‐being in a non‐Western culture.

Predictors of Organizational Socialization of Instructors in Higher Education

This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational socialization and various organizational (type of university, training, work conditions, knowledge sharing) and individual (academic degree, teaching experience, length of employment at current work place, job satisfaction, commitment, self-efficacy) level factors, both factors taken together focusing on the content, context and process dimensions of socialization. For this aim, data from 737 public and private university English language instructors were collected with an inventory consisting of three parts made up of self-developed and pre-developed scales. Taking each dimension of organizational socialization as a criterion variable, three sets of predictors were defined for three separate hierarchical regression analyses. The results revealed that socialization of instructors to the organization, department, and task are significantly predicted by several organizational and individual variables. Knowledge sharing and training are the strongest organizational level predictors while job satisfaction, selfefficacy for instructional strategies, and affective commitment are the strongest individual level predictors. The results suggest higher education administrators adapt organizational and individual level managerial strategies to facilitate organizational, department and task socialization in higher education organizations.

The categorization of expatriates and the support offered by host country nationals

Purpose– Although several authors have suggested that host country nationals (HCNs) play an important role in the management of expatriates (e.g. Toh and DeNisi, 2003; Farhet al., 2010), research has also suggested that this relationship is not always good, and the flow of critical information to expatriates can be limited. This is especially true when HCNs categorize the expatriates as “out-group” members. The purpose of this paper is to examine potential determinants of categorization decisions as well as potential outcomes related to expatriate socialization.Design/methodology/approach– The paper employs a dyadic survey approach to determine the antecedents to expatriate categorization and HCN socialization behaviors from the perspective of both the expatriate and HCN.Findings– The results of survey data from 65 expatriate-HCN dyads indicated that expatriate ethnocentrism and the salience of the expatriates’ nationality were important predictors of categorization, but that categorization was related to only one dimension of socialization. However, affect was found to play a role in predicting socialization behaviors.Research limitations/implications– There is potential selection bias since expatriates chose HCNs as respondents, but results suggested this was not a serious problem. Other limitations include a relatively small sample size and the fact that a number of contextual issues such as national stereotypes and MNC strategy, are not controlled for.Practical implications– Implications of these findings for the successful management of expatriate assignments include sending over expatriates with the right relational skills, and those low in ethnocentrism, rather than just the right technical skills.Originality/value– The present study was one of the first to empirically test the potential role of categorization in the process of socialization.

For the Living: Thomas Paine’s Generational Democracy

This article shows that Thomas Paine’s political theory defends what I call generational democracy. Paine takes human mortality as a starting point to flesh out a conception of democracy that affirms the agency of the living. Generational democracy empowers the living to act as constitutional authors. The self-ennobling dimension of constitutional authorship and democratic socialization ensures a people capable of improving constitutions in ways that enhance democratic agency. The strengthening of democratic agency is also central to Paine’s right to welfare, which redresses legacies of economic injustice by creating substantial equality between generations. Welfare rights enhance the agency of the living by providing for economic opportunity and by securing agency in the face of impending death. Generational democracy achieves intergenerational justice and care for the future precisely because it focuses on enhancing the democratic agency of the living generation.