Related Dilemmas Research Articles

Children's perspectives and institutional practices as keys in a wholeness approach to children's social situations of development

Abstract This article addresses a dilemma in relation to researching children's thinking and concept formation as an intentional process of competence acquisition and at the same time seeing children as persons in their life contexts, where the researcher also is a participant. Davydov's concept of theoretical knowledge and thinking helped me to tackle this dilemma as a dialectical process of moving from the general to the particular and back again by analysing children's concrete social situations starting from the societal conditions, then examining institutional objectives, and children's motive orientations in activity settings - in order to gain an understanding of children's social situations in their everyday activities. In this article I illustrate the problems of getting knowledge of children's conceptual and motivation development, by drawing on several of my research projects to illustrate, through my own biographic development, the dilemmas that psychology has to overcome in studying children's activities in their different social situations. The discussion particularly relates to the potential demands of the situation and children's motive orientations in these situations.

The essence of the Bank Guarantee Fund’s activity and related dilemmas in the context of banking system stability

The deposit guarantee system in Poland was devised at the time of the economic transformation. Its creation resulted from a difficult situation in the banking sector, and so it was meant to be an antidote to clients’ problems associated with the insolvency of collapsing banks and with adjusting to European community law. The aim of this work is to present the Bank Guarantee Fund—an institution that is part of the financial safety net, whose main task is to protect the interest of depositors and to ensure the banking system’s stability. The paper looks at some aspects of the growing interest in bank deposit insurance schemes and lively discussions on the subject during a crisis in banking markets. In response to the crisis that started in the subprime lending market in the USA and spread to other segments of the financial markets as well as to other countries, the ECOFIN made a decision to increase the existing guarantee limits for individual persons and to speed up the payout of guaranteed funds. The above changes were aimed at strengthening the security of clients and increasing confidence in the banking sector.

The elder abuse and neglect phenomenon in the ultra-Orthodox Jewish society: social workers' perspectives.

A qualitative-phenomenological study with 28 social workers who underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews based on an interview guide consisting of the following items: visibility of the elder abuse and neglect phenomenon in the ultra-Orthodox society, and dilemmas and sensitive issues that arise when working with this population. Three main themes emerged: (1) Between the commandment to honor one's parents and concealment patterns: Cultural barriers to exposing the abuse and neglect phenomenon; (2) "Life is demanding:" The unique expression of abusive and neglectful behavior in the UOJS; (3) Culturally related dilemmas when intervening with cases of elder abuse and neglect. Ultra-Orthodox Jewish cultural belief is a differentiating component in the context of elder abuse and neglect. Social workers need to develop a deep understanding of the unique characteristics of the phenomenon and cultural sensitivity to cope with it to address the well-being of older ultra-Orthodox Jews.

Sportsmanship tendency in terms of moral development of middle school students<p>Ortaokul öğrencilerinin ahlaki gelişimleri açısından sportmenlik yönelimleri

This research aims to examine the sportsmanship orientations of secondary school students in terms of their moral developments. In this research, carried out by the mixed method, an exploratory sequential design was used. The study group consisted of a total of 327 students, 148 of whom were female and 179 were male students. The study group in the qualitative chapter of research consisted of a total of 42 students, 22 male and 20 female students. For the collection of quantitative data, the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researchers and the "Physical Education Lesson Sportsmanship Behavior Scale" developed by Koç (2013) were used. For the collection of qualitative data, two case studies were used that were constituted in the direction of Kohlberg's moral development theory and that could reveal the sportsmanship orientations of the students in the situations of dilemma. Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskall Wallis-H test were used in the analysis of quantitative data. In the analysis of qualitative data, content analysis and descriptive analysis were carried out. According to the findings obtained, it was determined that sportsmanship orientations of students displayed significant differences according to gender, class level and sports branch. In the qualitative analysis, when the students' reactions to the case studies containing the related dilemma were taken into consideration, it was figured out that female students were in the higher stages of Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory compared to male students. In the case study in which the award was highlighted, there was a decrease in the frequency of male students exhibiting behaviors described as sportsmanship. In the study, it was concluded that the quantitative findings of sportsmanship behaviors that students showed in physical education and sport lesson were supported by the findings obtained according to Kohlberg's moral development theory.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin sportmenlik yönelimlerini ahlaki gelişimleri açısından incelemektir. Karma yöntem ile gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada, açımlayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Nicel boyutun çalışma grubunu, ortaokul düzeyinde öğrenim gören 148’ı kadın, 179’u erkek 327 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın nitel boyutundaki çalışma grubunu 22’si erkek, 20’si kadın toplam 42 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Nicel verilerin toplanmasında, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Koç (2013) tarafından geliştirilen “Beden Eğitimi Dersi Sportmenlik Davranışı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin toplanmasında, Kohlberg’in ahlaki gelişim kuramı doğrultusunda oluşturulan ve ikilem barındıran durumlarda öğrencilerin sportmenlik yönelimlerini ortaya koyabilecek iki örnek olaydan yararlanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskall Wallis-H testi kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise, içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrencilerin sportmenlik yönelimlerinin cinsiyet, sınıf seviyesi ve spor branşına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Nitel analizlerde ise konuyla ilgili ikilem içeren örnek olaylara öğrencilerin verdikleri tepkiler dikkate alındığında, kadın öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere oranla Kohlberg’in Ahlaki Gelişim Kuramının daha üst evrelerinde yer aldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ödülün vurgulandığı örnek olayda erkek öğrencilerin, sportmence olarak nitelendirilen davranışları sergileme sıklığında düşüş gözlenmiştir. Çalışmada, öğrencilerin beden eğitimi ve spor dersinde gösterdikleri sportmenlik davranışlarına ilişkin nicel bulguların, Kohlberg’in Ahlaki gelişim kuramına göre elde edilen bulgularla desteklendiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

The cosmopolitan geographer’s dilemma

This short semi-biographical intervention is about the emergence of the real-and-imagined figure of the cosmopolitan geographer. This figure is in many ways the by-product of the neo-liberalization of academia in Europe and is accordingly caught in a series of related dilemmas. The article thus focusses on a few issues linked to the challenges imposed by neoliberal academia to this specific emerging academic condition and on how such challenges affect personal careers and life trajectories. It also discusses the unintended, sometimes ambivalent, consequences of internationalization in diverse European contexts, in particular for the work of geographers based in non-English speaking countries. In additon, it reflects on the future of national disciplines, in particular the national geographical communities in Europe. I conclude by suggesting a few ways in which the experience of the cosmopolitan geographer may help in addressing, in constructive and possibly critical ways, precisely some of the challenges posed by neoliberal academia.

The Role of Advocacy in children's palliative care

‘Role of advocacy in Irish Children’s Palliative Care. What would parents of children with life limiting conditions like?’ Introduction: This presentation will highlight the role of advocacy in children’s palliative care (CPC) and share findings from an Irish small scale parent survey. Recent Irish prevalence figures of 3,840 life-limited children in Ireland published by Ling, O’Reilly, Balfe, Quinn and Devins Oct (2015), infer there must be a need for the role of formal CPC family advocacy within this growing population. The literature helped to inform the design of a survey to identify if Irish parents wish for both formal and informal independent advocacy services in children’s palliative care. The definition of advocacy within CPC is ‘Promoting the concept that care of babies, children and young people who are life-limited should include services, therapies and medicines that will reduce pain and suffering and encompass all their physical, social, emotional and spiritual development needs and that of their families, allowing for the best quality of care.’ (ICPN? date) Research Aims: Previous literature on advocacy (O’Connor & Gwyther 2014 and Shockney 2010), focused mainly on the nurse as the primary advocate for terminally ill children. Yet Simms and Cole (2007), highlighted the role parents can play as advocates for their own children. The Omega Journal of Death and Dying (2015) noted qualitative studies with mothers of severely ill children and how parents became informed and helped others to advocate for their children. Meeker (2004) explored the use of a family surrogate (someone to objectively make decisions/speak for the family) in decision making and Schafer (2006) took the perspective of patient autonomy and family-based decision making. Martin (2013) stresses the advocacy barriers and missed opportunities in the delivery of palliative care and Seal (2007) explains the role of patient advocacy in Advance Care Planning. Also, Turner (2010) and Whitty Rodgers et al (2009) highlight ethical dilemmas in relation to advocacy of a child’s best interests when in conflict to parental preference. This presentation presents the findings from a small scale exploratory survey conducted with parents to explore the requirements for formalised and informal advocacy services for children with LLC and their families. Study Design: A randomised sample of 10 parent respondents who had children with LLC. The data was analysed thematically. Ethical approval was not required as the survey was exempt under service evaluation/ improvement criteria. Statements utilised within this evaluation included for example: ‘I feel listened to about my child’s care needs’. ‘I feel very informed about palliative care. I feel equipped to promote all necessary care and services for my child’. Scale of ‘Fully Agree –Fully Disagree’. Results: Results demonstrate the appetite for advocacy in this field and how the views of parents and families warrant the future design of informal and formal advocacy services within Irish children’s palliative care.

Cronyism as a Constraint in Social Capital Development: Investigating Dark Side of Social Relation

Dilemma of dysfunctional social relations and subtle form of mistreatment is at forefront of research in the area of social psychology in higher educational institutions. Still, it has received sca...

남북관계의 구조적 딜레마와 해법 : “포괄적 평화”를 중심으로

남북관계의 구조적 딜레마와 해법 : “포괄적 평화”를 중심으로

Growing from dilemmas: developing a professional identity through collaborative reflections on relational dilemmas

Health educators nurture future generations of professionals by helping them to navigate the complex transition from students to therapists. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how a pedagogical method of collaborative reflection (involving reflective writing, sharing, and discussion) on relational dilemmas with role partners can develop occupational therapists' professional identity. The course, in which this method was applied, implemented thesupervision and peer learning frameworks as related to student's fieldwork experiences, and is based on the perception of growing from conflicts and exploration. The study is based on analyzing qualitative data of 392 dilemma cases and 196 texts of personal reflection on classroom work of undergraduate students in occupational therapy. A thematic analysis of the case studies revealed six overarching relational dilemmas that novice therapists are often called upon to deal with when working with patients, patients' families and colleagues from other health professions. Analyzing the personal texts of reflection highlighted the effectiveness of collaborative reflection in bridging the gap between theory and practice, and in helping students develop their professional identity. The method can be adapted to curricula for students and therapists in other health professions, in undergraduate courses, and in group supervision programs.

The Personal Dimensions of Public Relations Ethical Dilemmas

ABSTRACTThis article explores how Charles Taylor’s account of moral personhood and Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot’s account of justificatory regimes can add breadth, depth, and specificity to discussions of ethical dilemmas in public relations. These frameworks are analyzed for their potential to make the following contributions to public relations ethics. First, they convey that there is more to ethics than choosing the right duties and actions. Second, they reveal the diversity of goods that people consider to be ethically worthy and admirable, as well as the complex personal issues involved in ranking these goods. Third, they emphasize that these different goods often need to be articulated and evaluated in different ways. Last, they can either point toward new ways of resolving ethical dilemmas or show why such resolutions are not possible.

The Philosophical and Cultural Situatedness of Spirituality at the End of Life in India.

The sustained interest in exploring the spiritual domain at end of life in the Indian context reflects the recognition of its significance as an integral part of palliative care. A key aspect of findings from studies so far is the identification of challenges, inadequacies, limitations and ethical dilemmas in relation to spirituality at the end of life. India is known for its rich spiritual heritage and has unique ways of understanding, experiencing and expressing spirituality. The philosophical and cultural frames of reference, with which communities in India make sense of life, death and dying, determine the characteristics of Indian spirituality at the end of life. Exploring the concepts of the human person, the purpose of human life, the meaning of death and caring for the dying using Indian philosophical and cultural resources can help address some of the identified limitations and challenges in the Indian context. A cross-disciplinary approach, drawing together expertise from clinical palliative care, philosophy, theology and sociology, will enrich the understanding of spirituality at the end of life and can contribute to effective spiritual care in palliative care in specific contexts around the world.

Forgotten memories of a social justice education: Difficult knowledge and the impossibilities of school and research

ABSTRACTThis paper is about memory, the elusive process of remembering and of an encounter between a researcher and a participant who after five years reunited to remember. The object under study is a high school social justice curriculum with a central focus on the development of social action projects. Grounded in Pitt and Britzman's work on difficult knowledge, this paper asks: What do 10th grade students who spent four years attending a school committed to the Freirian principles of political engagement remember about their high school experience? Past and recent interviews are woven together to surface three emergent lines of thinking: the failure to secure knowledge as unitary and in agreement; education as deferred in time; and research as relational dilemmas and unconscious desire. The aim is to complicate teaching and learning by illuminating its difficulties and unseating our reliance on evidentiary accountability, production and outcome. Throughout, the positionality of the researcher is discussed, particularly as unconscious desire for social justice, as lovely knowledge, becomes transferred through one participant, Sadie.

Managing dialogic use of exemplars

The analysis of exemplars is a potentially powerful way of acquainting students with academic standards and supporting their capacities to make informed academic judgements. This paper investigates the role of dialogue in supporting students to develop their appreciation of the nature of quality work. The research derives from a project involving nine teachers in a Faculty of Education, and uses data from a single case to analyse the dialogic use of exemplars. The findings illustrate how the teacher prioritised student talk and withheld his own evaluative judgements in the management of the discussion. A related dilemma lies in the balance between the student voice in constructing their views on the nature of quality and explicit teacher guidance. The main significance of the paper lies in its description of how exemplars dialogue can be orchestrated, and a discussion of some of the main features of the dialogue.

Ageism among physicians, nurses, and social workers: findings from a qualitative study.

This study investigated ageism among healthcare professionals in various therapeutic settings in Israel. Using a qualitative approach, the current study aimed to examine similarities and differences across healthcare disciplines. Three focus groups were conducted with physicians, nurses, and social workers. Data from each focus group were analyzed separately, and then commonalities and differences across the groups were evaluated. Three main themes relating to older adults emerged from the data. The first theme pertains to perceived difficulties that healthcare professionals experience in working with older adults and their family members; the second focuses on invisibility and discriminatory communication patterns; and the third theme relates to provision of inappropriate care to older adults. Similarities and differences across the three disciplines were found. The differences related mainly to the examples provided for manifestations of ageism in the healthcare system. Provision of inadequate treatment to older adults due to their age appeared to be the most complex theme, and is discussed at length in the Discussion. Briefly, the complexity stems from the fact that although some behaviors can be clearly described as inappropriate and undesirable, other behaviors such as avoidance of invasive medical procedures for older patients raise ethical dilemmas. Potentially, avoidance of invasive medical treatment can be perceived as compassionate care rather than as undertreatment due to ageist perceptions. A related dilemma, i.e., longevity versus quality-of-life, is also discussed in light of the finding that the balance of these two aspects changes as patients grow old.

Ervaringskennis en dilemma’s van professionals in preventief en omgevingsgericht werken met ouders en kinderen

Ervaringskennis en dilemma’s van professionals in preventief en omgevingsgericht werken met ouders en kinderen

Maximizing work integration in job placement of individuals facing mental health problems: Supervisor experiences

Many people confronting mental health problems are excluded from participation in paid work. Supervisor engagement is essential for successful job placement. To elicit supervisor perspectives on the challenges involved in fostering integration to support individuals with mental health problems (trainees) in their job placement at ordinary companies. Explorative, qualitative designed study with a phenomenological approach, based on semi-structured interviews with 15 supervisors involved in job placements for a total of 105 trainees (mean 7, min-max. 1-30, SD 8). Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Superviors experience two interrelated dilemmas concerning knowledge of the trainee and degree of preferential treatment. Challenges to obtaining successful integration were; motivational: 1) Supervisors previous experience with trainees encourages future engagement, 2) Developing a realistic picture of the situation, and 3) Disclosure and knowledge of mental health problems, and continuity challenges: 4) Sustaining trainee cooperation throughout the placement process, 5) Building and maintaining a good relationship between supervisor and trainee, and 6) Ensuring continuous cooperation with the social security system and other stakeholders. Supervisors experience relational dilemmas regarding pre-judgment, privacy and equality. Job placement seem to be maximized when the stakeholders are motivated and recognize that cooperation must be a continuous process.

Software Architecture for Document Anonymization

Organizations often have a dilemma in relation to their documents: ensure confidentiality of the data or publish the information contained in them, for transparency, scientific interest, or other reasons. In this context is that document anonymization arises, i.e. the replacement of sensitive data in such a way that preserves the confidentiality of the documents without altering their value or usefulness. There are proposals for (semi)automatic anonymization, but they are often domain-specific or they partially address the problem. In this paper we present a software architecture for supporting document anonymization, which is based on the representation of the problem as a domain and platform independent configurable business process. In addition, we analyze the technological alternatives for implementing the architecture and we present a functional prototype applied to the domain of legal documents.

The unintended consequences of financialisation: Social democracy hamstrung? The pensions dilemma

At the end of the Third Way and no sense of its future, social democrats look to Sweden for inspiration. However, Swedish social democracy is in no better condition. Scholarship is starting to grasp the broad outlines of the movement’s difficulties. Providing greater depth, this article employs the Social Systems of Innovation and Production approach to analyse Swedish social democracy’s current condition by historicising its current policy dilemmas in relation to the public pension system, once the jewel in the crown of the Rehn–Meidner model and the push for economic and industrial democracy, now the constraining legacy of financialisation.

Unity and Distinctiveness in UK Coalition Government: Lessons for Junior Partners

AbstractParties in coalition governments must address the ‘unity/distinctiveness’ dilemma: how to maintain governing cohesion, while sustaining individual identities. Within the Cameron–Clegg government this is a challenge for both parties, but it is more so for the Liberal Democrats as the junior partner. This paper considers how the Liberal Democrats negotiated this dilemma in relation to ministerial portfolio allocations. While the Liberal Democrat strategy of placing ministers in almost all departments has served the Coalition well in terms of governing unity, it has limited the extent to which they have been able to assert their distinctive contribution to Coalition policy‐making. This is demonstrated through an examination of the Liberal Democrats' influence on Coalition welfare policy. A lack of clear policy contributions is potentially highly damaging to the Liberal Democrats electorally, as it suggests that they have made little substantive contribution to the Coalition beyond propping up their Conservative partners. Accordingly, the paper reflects on lessons for junior partners in future UK coalition governments, suggesting that concentrating ministers within one or two departments may provide a more viable means of carving out a distinctive governing legacy.

The policy challenge of the global brain drain: addressing the dilemmas of contributing push-pull factors

Recently, there has been an acceleration of the global 'brain drain' from developing to developed countries. The emergence of the global economy has been a key cause of many societies losing overseas some of their most talented and educated (i.e., highly-qualified) people. Local social and political as well as economic conditions have also made it attractive to work overseas. A combination of brain drain push-pull factors would need to be a policy focus of any government wishing to try and reverse the brain drain from their country. The paper will discuss the key push-pull factors and related dilemmas that might need to be addressed by any proposed government policies seeking to reverse the brain drain. In terms of a literature review linked to a discussion of examples, this paper thus attempts to answer three key related questions: what other factors as well as economic interest motivates talented people to leave their countries? What policies might governments in developing countries adopt to try to resist and even reverse the global brain drain? To what extent can an increasingly global circulation of 'talent' be reconciled with local, national and regional interests of brain drain vs. gain?