Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Receiver Research Articles

Adjacent-Channel Compatibility Analysis of International Mobile Telecommunications Downlink and Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Reception in the 470–694 MHz Frequency Band Using Monte Carlo Simulation

This paper delves into the imperative need for coexistence and compatibility in the 470–694 MHz frequency band, as mandated by the World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15) and the WRC-23. It focuses on challenges in the coexistence of Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) and International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) services in downlink-only mode, particularly in adjacent-channel scenarios. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the study evaluates the probability of interference from IMT base stations with DTTB reception. The analysis thoroughly investigates the impact of the IMT transmitter’s Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) and the DTTB receiver’s Adjacent-Channel Selectivity (ACS) on the probability of interference. The results demonstrate a significant degradation in the DTTB reception probability at the edge of coverage based on standard assumptions. To address these challenges, this paper provides recommendations for mitigating interference. These include defining enhanced ACLR regulations for IMT base stations, implementing antenna discriminations, providing specialized filters, and establishing national coordination procedures. The research provides valuable insights for informed decision making in spectrum management within the 470–694 MHz band, aiming to facilitate the coexistence of DTTB and IMT-2020 services, in line with international regulations and best practices.

Passive bistatic radar using digital video broadcasting-terrestrial receivers as general-purpose software-defined radio receivers.

We investigate the use of low-cost digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) receivers as general-purpose software-defined radio (SDR) receivers for passive bistatic radar (PBR) applications. Two DVB-T receivers are synchronized using a common clock to perform coherent measurements. By exploiting the direct-path signal in the surveillance channel, we use the cross-correlation process to estimate the time offset between the data streams of reference and surveillance channels caused by the universal serial bus communication. We demonstrate the detection of static and moving targets as well as short-range targets, including a landing airplane at 8 km, multiple ships with different velocities, and vehicles within 20 m from the receiver acquiring at a 2 MHz bandwidth, by using Japan's Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting Terrestrial digital TeleVision (TV) signal broadcast. We also propose to improve the range resolution of the designed PBR system by combining multiple SDR receivers tuned to different carrier frequencies. The designed system and proposed method can be used for various applications, such as airplane navigation, harbor protection, and traffic density monitoring.

Power optimization of LTE-800 and coexistence with DVB-T services

The emergence of cognitive radio technologies and the reallocation of the upper Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band (790−862 MHz) for broadband services has led to interference concerns for the DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) services. The DVB-T receivers need to be protected from aggregate interference coming from in-band and out-of-band transmissions, especially from the LTE-800 (Long-Term Evolution at 800 MHz) networks due to the operation in near spectral and location proximity. Although operating in different, but neighboring bands, the LTE-800 networks can be a serious threat to the DVB-T services due to excessive aggregate out-of-band interference caused to the DVB-T receivers. The regulators have assessed and defined the protection criteria for these cases. The power optimization of the LTE cellular networks, operating in near one spectral reuse factor, also remains an open issue due to the non-convex optimization problems. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for LTE-800 power allocation algorithm for capacity maximization of an LTE-800 network under DVB-T protection criteria. The algorithm uses k-means clustering to find the most critical geographical areas based on the DVB-T receivers protection ratios. It also adapts a local D.C. (Difference of two Convex functions/sets) programming approach to make the power optimization problem convex and perform the LTE-800 coverage and capacity optimization. The simulation analysis of the algorithm include realistic data for DVB-T modeling and Poisson Point Process for LTE-800 base stations (BS) spatial modeling. The proposed algorithm is compared to two extreme approaches, i.e. the max LTE BS power approach totally ignoring the DVB-T protection and the uniform power scaling approach that certainly protects the DVB-T service. The results prove the performance increase introduced by the proposed algorithm in terms of spatial capacity and coverage and DVB-T service protection.

An Improvement of the Error Correction Capability of the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Receiver

An Improvement of the Error Correction Capability of the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Receiver

Analysis on Interference Impact of Wi-Fi on Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting

Transition from Analogue Terrestrial Television Broadcasting to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) in the 470-862 MHz band made available amount of spectrum so-called digital dividend for other services i.e. 790-862 MHz band (800 MHz) to mobile service. Recently the 694-790 MHz band (700 MHz) was also allocated to mobile service in ITU Region 1. Spectrum allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally is called as TV white spaces (TVWS). It is possible to introduce TVWS services in 470-790 MHz band under the condition that other services in this band already operating, or planned in the country and in neighboring countries, are adequately protected and this use does not violate the current ITU Radio Regulations. TVWS under some conditions locally could be used for mobile communication systems e.g. unlicensed Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) using cognitive radio. As TVWS are located in the UHF band, the use of TVWS can provide significantly better coverage and wall penetration inside buildings than 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz range Wi-Fi frequencies. The exact amount of available spectrum for TVWS at any location will be dependent upon each country national situation e.g. DTTB planning configuration, other services use in the band. In case of deploying Wi-Fi in the TVWS the interference impact of Wi-Fi on DTTB has to be taken into account. The aim of this paper is to analyze the interference impact of Wi-Fi on DTTB. In this paper the interference occurring probability in DTTB receiver was evaluated by using Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte-Carlo Analysis Tool (SEAMCAT).

Optimization of Spectrum Usage and Coexistence Analysis of DVB-T and LTE-800 systems

This paper investigates the possible coexistence issues between the digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) system and the long term evolution (LTE) that operate in adjacent frequency bands. The proposed methodology for interference assessment evaluates the DVB-T performance degradation in presence of aggregate LTE-800 interference targeting the territory of Macedonia as evaluation area. The simulation analysis quantifies the percentage of interference degraded pixels and obtains the probability of pixel DVB-T service degradation. Furthermore, a measurement trial complements the simulation analysis through the evaluation of the influence of active antenna usage by the DVB-T receivers. The simulation and measurement results in this particular case confirm that the alignment of the active DVB-T receiving antenna towards the LTE-800 base station can substantially increase the degradation whereas aligning of the active DVB-T receiving antenna towards the DVB-T transmitter maintains the efficient TV reception. Finally, this paper proposes a simple algorithm for optimal LTE frequency arrangement, resulting in significant reduction of the LTE interference towards the DVB-T system.

Protection Ratio and Antenna Separation for DVB—T/LTE Coexistence Issues

This paper concerns the analysis of adjacent channel interference of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) mobile systems into Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T) systems. The simulated performance of both systems allows us to define recommendations for minimizing the interference effects. The subjective quality of the received TV signal has been evaluated experimentally in terms of picture failure (PF). We also investigated the importance of the selection of suitable Spectral Emission Masks (SEMs) of the LTE downlink transmission. Results show that, by using the ECC 148 SEM, both the protection ratio and the minimum distance between LTE towers and DVB-T receivers can be significantly decreased.

Effects of Filters on the Performance of DVB-T Receiver

Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) is an international standard for digital television services. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is the core of this technology. OFDM based system like DVB-T can handle multipath fading and hence it can minimize Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). DVB-T has some limitations too namely large dynamic range of the signals and sensitivity to frequency error. In order to overcome these limitations DVB-T receivers should be optimally designed. In this paper we address the issues related to optimal DVB-T receiver design. There of several signal processing units in a DVB-T receiver. A low-pass filter is one of them. In this paper, we consider some classic filters namely Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic in the DVB-T receiver. The effects of different filters on the performances of DVB-T receiver have been investigated and compared in this paper under AWGN channel condition.

Effects Of Filters on DVB-T Receiver Performance Under AWGN, RAYLEIGH and RICEAN Fading Channels

Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial (DVB-T) has become a very popular technologyfor terrestrial digital television services. DVB-T is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique. OFDM is considered suitable forDVB-T system because of its low Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). DVB-T has some limitations too including large dynamic signal range and sensitivity to frequency error. To overcome these limitations a good DVB-T receiver is a must. In this paper we address these issues. This paper has two-fold objectives (i) to investigate the performances of DVB-T system under different channel conditions, and (ii)to improve performance of DVB-T system by selecting suitable filters in receiver. To investigate the performance of DVB-T system we have considered some popular channel models namely AWGN, Rayleigh, andRicean. In order to improve the system performance some classic filters like Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic have been included in the receiver. The simulation results show that a careful selection of filter is a must for a DVB-T system. It is also shown that the filter selection should be based on the underlying channel condition s.

Impact of Low-Frequency Radar Interference on Digital Terrestrial Television

This paper considers low-frequency radar cohabitation with digital video broadcasting terrestrial (DVB-T). The spatial and temporal radio frequency propagation characteristics of the terrestrial and air-to-ground channels are modeled using state-of-the-art 3-D ray tracing for real-world broadcast television scenarios. Rooftop DVB-T receivers are assumed at user locations in two different urban environments, namely, the cities of London and Bristol, U.K.. The propagation characteristics are combined with appropriately orientated 3-D antenna radiation patterns, which include full polarization information for the DVB-T rooftop antennas, the base-station antennas, and the airborne radar antennas. A radar waveform generator is used to synthesize a representative range of radar signals. A DVB-T physical layer simulator has been developed to predict the performance of the received broadcast stream at each rooftop location. Factors, such as additive noise, the power and structure of the wanted DVB-T and the interfering radar signals, and the nature of the radio channels, are shown to influence the DVB-T bit error rate results. Statistics for the probability of high-quality DVB-T reception are reported as a function of the modulation scheme, propagation environment, aircraft orientation, radar antenna array configuration, and radar waveform type.

A Study on Performance Improvement to Use Dummy Elements on A Monopole Array-assisted Doppler Spread Compensator for A Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Receiver

This paper proposes an array antenna assisted Doppler spread compensator with dummy elements which are placed on either end of a monopole array for a digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) receiver. An array antenna assisted Doppler spread compensator, proposed previously, has a major drawback in performance degradation owing to mutual coupling effect among array elements. In order to solve the mutual coupling problem, dummy elements, placed on both sides of the monopole array mitigate performance degradation of a Doppler spread compensator arising from the mutual coupling among monopole array elements. Computer simulation results show that the dummy elements can reduce this performance degradation as well as expand the operating bandwidth of a Doppler spread compensator.

A Robust and Adaptive Carrier Recovery Method for Chinese DTTB Receiver

This paper presents a robust and adaptive carrier recovery method for Chinese digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) system in which pilot signal and pseudonoise (PN) sequence are adopted to help carrier recovery. The conventional methods utilize pilot or PN sequence respectively. In this paper, we try to combine the advantage of each method together and propose a well designed state machine to control system state automatically. Moreover, as for using PN sequence, a fine PN tracking state is introduced to ensure the robustness of the proposed method. Software simulations show that the proposed method can provide large acquisition range, short acquisition time and small tracking jitter in severely distorted static and dynamic channels. Lab tests and field trials also prove its good performance in real propagation environments.

Noise-robust channel estimation for DVB-T fixed receptions

This paper proposes a noise-reduction method to improve the channel-estimation performance in digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) receivers. In DVB-T receivers, channel estimation is usually carried out in frequency domain using known symbols, referred to the pilot. A least-squares (LS) estimator has been preferred for channel estimation due to the low complexity but it may be vulnerable to noise because it does not consider noise effect in obtaining its solution. To compensate for the weakness of the LS estimator, we propose an auto-regressive averaging method to average all estimated channel coefficients up to present time without the increase of system delay and complexity for DVB-Tfixed receptions. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method improves the estimation performance in overall SNRs.

Noise reduction for channel estimation based on pilot-block averaging in DVB-T receivers

This paper proposes a noise-reduction method to improve the channel-estimation performance in digital video broadcasting-terrestrial (DVB-T) receivers. In DVB-T, the channel estimation is carried out through two processes of pilot signal estimation and channel coefficient interpolation and thus the performance of the channel estimation is seriously affected by the accuracy of the interpolation. Since the accuracy of the interpolation depends on signal-to-noise ratio, it is important to reduce noise existing at the reference coefficients for the interpolation. To achieve the reduction of noise, we use pilot-insertion type approximation in four consecutive OFDM symbols, which construct one block with the same channel coefficients at the same pilot positions. Considering the fade rate of channels, we average the estimated reference, channel coefficients corresponding to the same subcarriers in two or more blocks. Computer simulation shows that the proposed method improves the estimation performance by more than 1 dB in terms of the symbol error rate obtained after equalization.

A 2K/8K mode small-area FFT processor for OFDM demodulation of DVB-T receivers

We present a novel implementation for 2K/8K dual-mode FFT (fast Fourier transform) for OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) of DVB-T (digital video broadcasting terrestrial) receivers. Besides pipelining the FFT to reduce the area and enhance the data throughput, SDF (single-path delay feedback) butterfly units for radix-2 and radix-4 processing are adopted to resolve the power consumption difficulty and the P&R (place and route) problem. The SRAM is used in the butterfly units to relax the auto-refreshing requirement if DRAM is used such that not only is the dynamic power saved, the timing control is also less stingy. The 2K/8K FFT comprises 5/6 cascaded stages of radix-4 and one stage of radix-2 butterfly units. The proposed design is carried out by 0.35 /spl mu/m 2P4M CMOS process to verify the high processing 8 MHz rate with power dissipation as low as 535 mW at a 16 MHz system clock.

A single-chip tuner for dvb-t

A new architecture is presented for a single-chip tuner for digital terrestrial television, based on existing double conversion and direct conversion topologies. The new design forms part of a mixed-signal Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) receiver system, employing digital signal processing at baseband to ensure minimal performance requirements for the analog circuitry. To evaluate the potential performance of this new tuner/receiver system, high-level system simulations have been performed, followed by the construction of a prototype DVB-T receiver using a custom-designed analog ASIC which integrates all analog tuner blocks (including channel filtering) on one chip. Measured results from this chip, implemented in a 20-GHz bipolar technology, show an overall third-order input referred intercept point of 116 dBμV, a noise figure of 14 dB and an automatic gain control range of 71.4 dB, drawing 250 mA at a 5-V supply.