Digital Production Technologies Research Articles

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА ДОБЫЧИ НЕФТИ И ГАЗА В КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЦИФРОВЫХ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИИЙ

The possibilities of using digital technologies in oil and gas production within the 
 framework of the "Digital Field" concept are considered, and it is determined that the introduction of 
 intelligent systems in technological processes increases the volume and quality of products while reducing their cost.

Innovative technologies in machinery

The pace of innovative development of the machine-building complex and its structural changes are largely determined by the processes of automation, digitalization, improvement of machinery and equipment. Thepresented article discusses innovative technologies in mechanical engineering. The main trends in the innovative development of industrial production are: development of high-tech foreign economic activity, formation of an innovative space, digitalization of economy, creation of a unified database of innovative developments, formation of a new scientific base working on solving urgent problems, creation of markets for innovative products. It is determined that at all stages of the product life cycle, digital technologies are included, such as virtual reality, additive manufacturing, the industrial Internet of things, and a virtual trading platform. The definition of innovative and technological development of the machine-building complex is given. Despite the fact that innovative technologies ensure efficiency, agility and cost-effectiveness of production, in Russia the digital transformation process is in its infancy and is a promising necessity for the development of all industrial production. The transition to digital production technologies is associated with the solution of a number of problems. Such as modernization of the material and technical base, training and advanced training of personnel, preparation of the legislative framework, standardization, certification of innovative digital production technologies, search for investment resources.

The Impact of Digital Transformation on the Micrologistic System, and the Open Innovation in Logistics

This paper investigates the effects of digital production and information technologies on the development of logistic systems of different kinds: megalogistic, macrologistic, and micrologistic. The notions of a logistic system and types of logistic systems imply that logistics is considered in its broad sense as a modern methodology for managing all types of flows that appear in the process of socioeconomic activities of society and business: material, information, energy, financial and labor flows. The methodology discussed in this paper gives the answer to the question of what impact digital production and information technologies have on the development of various types of logistic systems. The methodology includes building a mathematical model in which the endogenous variables of the model reflect the resulting variables of the logistic system, while the exogenous variables reflect digital production and information technologies. The mathematical model is a system of interdependent dynamic econometric equations. Each equation is an autoregressive distributed lags model. In the model, the current values of an endogenous variable depend on their previous values, as well as on the current and previous values of other endogenous and exogenous variables. The novelty of the research is in the developed methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the impact made by digitalization on a totality of the interrelated and interdependent resulting indicators of the logistic system. A comprehensive assessment of the impact made by digitalization on a totality of interrelated and interdependent indicators of the logistic system is understood as a change in the indicators of the logistic system due to the effect of digitalization. The proposed methodology for a comprehensive assessment was empirically tested for Salesforce company.

Features of the implementation of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in industrial production: promising directions and modern trends in automation

The article discusses the problems of optimizing the work of modern industrial production, promising areas of automation, the industrial Internet of things. The author’s principle of optimizing the operation of automated systems through a number of promising technologies is described: a model of an improved abstract executor and distributed computing, modern machine learning tools. The application of information security methods in ensuring the search for the optimal connection between objects and subjects of an automated control system is given. The economic and technological significance and role of the potential described and considered implementations are formalized.

Research on the Application of Computer Music Making Technology in New Media Environment

The rapid development of science and technology makes the use of new media technology more and more common. In the 21st century, the communication mode of new media is becoming more and more diversified, and its convenient and efficient communication mode can meet the needs of people’s modern office and life. Digital audio has a variety of production technology, and the production accuracy and controllability are very high, so it occupies the main position in the information composition of new media. As a sensory media, sound is mainly manifested in voice and music in daily life. At the same time, computer music production technology mainly includes digital processing technology and MIDI production technology. It can be seen that computer music production technology has become the core technology of sound editing, production and processing under the background of new media. This paper takes the application of computer music production technology as the research object, analyzes the internal relationship between new media and music production technology, the application and development of music production technology and so on, so as to provide the development direction for computer music production technology.

The economic benefits of digitalization in the oil and gas industry

Subject. This article explores the process of introducing digital technologies into the oil and gas industry production and management and getting the economic impact of such implementation. Objectives. The article aims to identify and assess the economic impact of the introduction of digital production technologies in the oil and gas industry over the past five years, and describe the positive and negative effects of digitalization of the oil and gas industry. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and statistical analyses, forecast data obtaining, and synthesis of results. Results. The article reveals the main effects of the digitalization of the oil and gas industry over the past five years. It describes the positive and negative effects of the digitalization of the oil and gas industry and predicts the effectiveness of this process. The article presents developed strategic guidelines to create new competitive advantages of the oil and gas industry through the production digitalization. Conclusions and Relevance. To maintain efficiency and create additional competitive advantages of the Russian oil and gas industry, it is necessary to actively introduce digital technologies of production and management, new IT-strategies. The findings and results obtained can be useful to scientists specializing in the digitalization of the oil and gas industry and for managers of different levels of oil and gas sphere to apply them in strategic production management.

Epistemological Foundations of the Digital Technologies Used in Agriculture in Siberia

The authors substantiated the necessity for an epistemological approach to determining the main messages in the digitalization application by agricultural producers, taking into account natural and climatic, commodity-production and social factors.(Research purpose) To formulate the main messages when applying digital technologies in agricultural production, which determine epistemological approaches to their systematic use and allow increasing grain production by 2-3 times on the example of JSC Sokolovo.(Materials and methods) The authors applied a system analysis to agricultural production objects as to information field when describing them in the information space.(Results and discussion) The authors found that agricultural production objects were in an objective multiplicative relationship. Based on the results, a communication scheme between objects in agro-industrial production, reflecting their dialectical commonality was developed. They presented production objects as a resource characterized by a certain set of parameters and values. They showed the multiplicative nature of the resources relationship, describing the nature of the dependence by the method of passage to the limit. The authors identified general information requirements for solving the agriculture problems, crop production and for the means of processing this information in the amount of more than 2 petaflops. They established the necessary resolution for managing technical processes - less than 3 centimeters.(Conclusions) The authors proposed a paradigm for information support of technological processes in agricultural production. They confirmed the legitimacy of this approach to the paradigm formation by creating more than 20 databases. They gave examples of increasing the efficiency of grain production in the Novosibirsk region. The epistemological principles were based on the formulated six messages of information digital technologies, which made it possible to use them in more than 247 520 different combinations and apply to the whole farms variety, depending on their capabilities and desires.

Assessment of the Potential of Digital Technologies in the Implementation of Deep Cycles of Grain Products Processing

Improving the technological component of agro-industrial production through the introduction of digital technologies accelerates the pace of economic growth and contributes to ensuring food security. The adaptation for agriculture of digital technologies already used in various industries is particularly relevant, and their integrated use is more effective. Artificial intelligence systems and, in particular, computer vision have significant prospects for implementation in the production and processing of agricultural products. Computer vision and image processing procedures can be used to control product quality and processing cycles in order to improve the efficiency of production processes. In each processing cycle, it is necessary to control the technological parameters and the quality of the processed raw materials, the results of which affect the duration, the number of operations and the conditions of the processing process. The use of the developed luminescent method to control the moisture content and particle size makes it possible to increase the efficiency of technological processes for processing grain products. The development of an innovative complex for deep processing of grain, as an example of application of new production technologies, is a promising current direction in the development of agricultural production. Increasing production efficiency is based on a significant expansion of the range of finished products, on an increase in the added value of processed products and on a slight decrease in capital costs due to the combination of processes. The increase in the potential for using various end-to-end digital technologies in agro-industrial production is facilitated through their combination and integration into complex systems for digitalization of production, which ensure the development of the agro-industrial complex.

Agents, Design, and Creativity in Moving Image Postproduction: Conditions for Collaborative Creativity in Digital Media

This article analyzes how creativity in the making of films and TV shows is constrained as a consequence of the shift to digital production technology, and the resulting change in work activities for different crafts involved in the postproduction process. We adapt the concept of creative spaces in order to describe these constraints, and we introduce the term audiovisual assemblies to facilitate the analysis of collaboration. We argue that this study is well-accomplished by analyzing collections of existing media productions. We identify two contradicting practices: first, the development of new conventions which reallocate roles and resources in the making of audiovisual assemblies; and second, the high rate and broad range of incremental technological change which demand unconventional, but creative, problem-solving practices from everyone involved. Examples are provided from an innovative Swedish TV production.

Torn between digitized future and context dependent past – How implementing ‘Industry 4.0’ production technologies could transform the German textile industry

Digitized production technologies in terms of ‘Industry 4.0’ appear to herald the future of industrial development especially in mature economies, such as Germany. It is expected that this new paradigm, which employs digital tools for coordinating all value chain interactions, will significantly improve product quality, process efficiency and international competitiveness. While Industry 4.0 options raise high hopes among policymakers, it is often overlooked how ambivalently upcoming changes are viewed by industry actors themselves. This paper shows how the historical roots and context conditions of an industry shape and at times significantly hamper future prospects of technology driven progress. In our case, context refers to industry specific development trajectories, market challenges, actor constellations, and value chain characteristics, as well as local conditions prevailing in industry clusters. We explore the case of technical textile production in Germany, where Industry 4.0 elements are just starting to transform the industry's internal and external operations. Based on empirical mixed methods research in three textile clusters including a stakeholder workshop, we identify major factors that shape the implementation of novel digital production technologies and draft three narrative future scenarios. Finally, some policy recommendations are derived.

Using the results of remote sensing of land for programmed agricultural production in arid conditions

The article considers methodological approaches to substantiating the main tasks solved by the developed software package for managing agricultural production in the programmed cultivation of agricultural crops. There are characteristic differences in the reflection spectrum of agricultural plants due to the influence of water vapor absorption. The total reflected radiation in the optical and near-infrared range, recorded by remote sensing, depends on the biological and varietal characteristics of plants, the development of the leaf surface, their growth phases, the chemical composition of the soil, and other factors. The set of vegetation indices NDVI and its modifications is justified. Problems of mathematical modeling of irrigation technologies in arid conditions based on differential equations are revealed. The model takes into account agrochemical features of soils, biological properties of crops, agroclimatic conditions, as well as technological parameters of irrigation regimes. The necessity and expediency of using digital information technologies in agricultural production, including irrigation reclamation, for operational management and control of agrotechnological parameters of crop cultivation are justified. A conceptual and logical database model for programmed crop cultivation has been developed. The developed software package will allow systemically aggregating and accumulating agrophysical and hydrometeorological information to justify land reclamation measures.

Мотивація розвитку цифрових навичок та компетенцій працівників підприємств

The introduction of digital technologies in production and everyday life significantly changes the labor market, the ratio of age groups, areas of activity, forms of organization of production and employment, which requires new skills and competencies of workers. Digital skills become critical for both employees and employers. Knowledge in the field of search, filtering, systematization, evaluation and analysis of a large amount of data, digital content and information becomes mandatory for managers and professionals. The peculiarity of modern work is the change of traditional boundaries of labor activity, strengthening the role of individual professional qualities of employees, their competencies. Therefore, the work of a modern worker becomes more pronounced. This fact should be taken into account when implementing new forms of motivation. Motivation to mastering the digital competencies of staff is a process of creating conditions under which employees can realize their values, needs, potential and which have an active influence on the purposeful change of human behavior. In the conditions of economy digitalization the staff motivation methods to digital skills and competences reception, their realization in digital technologies acquire special value. The list of digital skills and competencies is outlined, the expediency of using gamification to activate staff is substantiated, measures of motivation the generation Z to master and use digital skills for work efficiency are developed. Emphasis is placed on the qualities of management and employees in enterprises – "hidden champions".

АНАЛИЗ СТРОИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ: ПУТИ ВЫХОДА ИЗ КРИЗИСА

The analysis of the construction industry in the period of the pandemic is carried out, the crisis phenomena are revealed. Two ways out of the crisis are proposed. The first is the involvement of digital technologies in production and accounting, analysis of the state of the organization. This path requires significant financial expenses. The second way, which is less expensive, is focused on the development of tax planning in construction organizations to reduce tax risks and optimize tax liabilities.

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION: IMPLEMENTATION BACKGROUND, CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

Digital technologies have been deeply integrated into our lives and found their application in all areas of human activity, including agriculture. Technological progress, the development of infrastructure in the IT industry, wider access to the Internet, a high level of education and growing computer literacy of the population contribute to the popularization and introduction of digital technologies in agricultural production. The review of the use of digital technologies in the agricultural sector has shown that existing software tools help plan the work of an agricultural organization, monitor the state of production, manage the farm, and sell products on virtual trading platforms. Most software products are able to store data in the cloud, and farmers can access the system via their personal account from any device with Internet access. There are also a number of programs on the market that allow farmers to plan, analyze and control the crop or livestock production. Leading manufacturers of agricultural machinery and equipment are actively integrating digital technologies into their products. It is now possible to manage a fl eet of vehicles used in the fi elds, and implement unmanned control. Use can be made of tractors equipped with automatic systems for driving along rows or laid paths, turning, and monitoring process parameters. The authors propose a set of digital control means to be used in agricultural production, based on the application of technologies of the Internet of things, cloud data storage, big data processing, and artifi cial intelligence. It is the technologies that digital agriculture will be based on, which use robotic monitoring tools to collect information and transmit it to “cloud data storage”. It is processed there and directed to the control system, which develops the optimal solution and transmits the control signal to the robotic actuators. In this regard, the development of agricultural machinery should be focused on the robotic tools designed for monitoring and performing technological operations. The most diffi cult task is to develop a control system, since it must have elements of artifi cial intelligence and replace humans in agricultural production.

Directions for Improving Apcs in the Oil and Gas Production Industry

The paper discusses automated control systems for technological processes (APCS) of oil and gas producing enterprises of the Russian Federation. The history of the development of automated process control systems in oil and gas production is described. At the moment, the efficient operation of technological facilities is not possible without the use of automated control systems. Special attention should be paid to the fact that almost all oil production facilities are currently characterized by a high level of depletion and are mainly at the late (third or fourth) stages of operation. Under these conditions, the average production rate falls, the costs of technological procedures for oil and gas production increase significantly. In this regard, in the current conditions, the effective development of process control systems for oil and gas enterprises is an extremely urgent task. The paper provides a typical block diagram and classification of automated systems that provide control of technological processes in oil and gas production. The necessity of using an automated dispatch control system (ADCS) is substantiated and its main tasks are considered. The need for an automated process control system in oil and gas production to reach the next level of functional development, which can be provided by modern automation and communication means, is clearly demonstrated, thereby giving a new impetus to the digital transformation process. The concept of "smart" well is considered, comparative characteristics of different levels of oil fields are presented: standard, digital and intelligent. The concepts of big data (Big Data), cloud technologies (Cloud Storage), augmented reality are considered in relation to the specifics of the industry. A qualitative assessment of the readiness and development prospects of the APCS in the context of the transition to digital technologies in oil and gas production is carried out. The digital transformation of the industry must be economically substantiated and justified.

The use of digital technologies in building organizational and technological design

The article discusses the development of digital technologies in construction. The relevance of the introduction of digital technologies in construction is determined by a set of tasks set in the light of the development of the entire digital economy of the country. Such basic regulatory documents as: “The Strategy for the Development of the Information Society of the Russian Federation for 2017-2030”, the Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Tasks of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2024” are considered. The problems of the innovative development of the construction industry require the integrated implementation of digital technologies in solving various problems in the production of building materials, construction design and, in fact, construction production. One of the main directions of digitalization of construction is the digitalization of design, since it is at this stage that the basic qualitative characteristics of future construction products are laid. In particular, the author examined the problems of automating the formation of organizational and technological documentation. The development trends of the digital economy in the construction industry are identified. The classification of the use of promising digital technologies in construction design and production is given. The existing system of designing organizational and technological documentation can no longer solve the problems listed above. The way out is seen in the creation of new digital technologies for the formation of organizational and technological documentation.

Od tištěného atlasu k webovému mapovému portálu. Úvahy nad přípravou digitálních historiografických map

The wider Central European region and the Czech lands have, as the proverbial “crossroads of European history”, always been the subject of scholarly research by historians. Český historický atlas. Kapitoly z dějin 20. století [Czech Historical Atlas. Chapters from the History of the 20th Century], published in print in 2019, is yet another Czech historiographic publication in this vein, presenting selected historical events of the Czech lands and the wider related area in the 20th century. It is an important follow-up to the Akademický atlas českých dějin [Academic Atlas of Czech History], published in 2014. The new atlas follows the trend of making full use of the Internet, web services, HTML5 and other digital technologies in cartographic production. It is accompanied by a web map portal, work on which is an extension of the focus of the Czech Academy of Sciences’ Institute of History. The aim of the portal is not to be an exhaustive encyclopaedia of historical events, but to provide a summary of interesting topics discussed within Czech historical research in the last few decades that have not yet been fully captured cartographically, as a number of new themes and especially new perspectives on history have appeared since the end of the communist era. This paper discusses the issue of transferring existing maps prepared for printed atlases into the web environment, including the design of the entire web portal containing map applications and other related content. It describes the basic steps of the transfer process and explores in detail the difficulties arising in it, especially the suitability and compatibility of the selected web technology. It also pays attention to the basic requirements of the electronic portal as such, the need to formalise the structure, and the presentation of historical information through a story, i.e. the need to link maps to other information. Technical solutions and related issues are the subject of the demonstration part of the paper, which also explores the content of the web atlas and its target audience. In general, web map portals seem to provide a trajectory along which historiographic maps are likely to develop in the future.

Industrial ecosystems of the world: assessment of ecological development

Sustainable development has become the mainstream of the global economy in recent years. It is focused on creating the mechanisms to ensure climate-neutral industrial growth through the use of advanced digital production technologies. Under the influence of modern technologies, the processes of formation and further development of industrial ecosystems are intensifying, which should be studied in ecological and technological contexts. The new climate agenda makes the determining of new perspectives and problems of industrial ecosystem development from the standpoint of a national industry increasingly relevant. The article presents an empirical analysis of the development of industrial ecosystems in 58 countries within two groups - countries with developed industry and countries with developing industry, based on the World Bank classification of countries and economies by level of industrialization. The methodological approach to assessing the environmental friendliness of industrial ecosystems has been improved by identifying the relationship between gross value added in industry and the efficiency of CO2 emissions in creating value in the manufacturing sector, the use of which allows establishing significant differences in achieving the goals of sustainable development between different countries in terms of industrial and technological development. The results of the study confirm the thesis on the active use of modern technologies in the field of environmental impact in countries with developed industries on the way to greater compliance of their industrial ecosystems with the principles of biological ones. Key issues are outlined and Ukraine's prospects for industrial growth based on sustainable development, along with a significant improvement in production technologies, are identified.

Industrial ecosystems and digitalization in the context of sustainable development

The digital revolution and extended use of modern digital technologies define the intensification of formation processes and further development of industrial ecosystems as stable geographically established networks of interconnected diverse enterprises and institutions, that are based on certain manufacturing technologies. At the same time, the location of industrial ecosystems is changed, which manifests itself in contradictory processes of reshoring and nearshoring, deepening their specialization, as the result of which in various regions of the world existing industrial ecosystems are transforming and new ones with different environmental influence are forming. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to educe current peculiarities of their evolution in terms of digitalization in the context of sustainable development. Every industrial ecosystem is unique, but it also has some certain similarities with other ecosystems, giving objective reasons for distinguishing their characteristic types. This study carries out the grouping of national economies (68 countries) by the size of industrial ecosystems (value added), their labor intensiveness, knowledge intensiveness and environmental friendliness (CO2 emissions). According to results of the cluster analysis, it is found that the absolute leadership by qualitative characteristics, primarily in terms of labor productivity and R&D costs, belongs to industrial ecosystems of advanced countries in Europe, Asia-Pacific region and the United States. With regard to Ukraine, its industrial ecosystem is classified to the cluster of countries that are "catching up" and characterized by worse indicators, including in the framework of sustainable development. To assess the environmental friendliness of industrial ecosystems, it is suggested to use the indicator of a normalized area of an ecological footprint that characterizes its size, which accrues to consumption of 1 ton of coal. Calculations of this indicator show that the increase of world coal consumption in recent decades is followed by a decrease of a normalized area of the ecological footprint as a result of progress in the development of "clean" manufacturing technologies and consumption of this energy source. However, the situation is different in various clusters of industrial ecosystems. With the difference of volume of GDP per capita, the normalized ecological footprint of developing countries is almost 3 times higher than in advanced ones. Namely, the life support in industrial ecosystems of developing countries (including Ukraine) per 1 dollar of income is associated with a significantly higher normalized ecological footprint. The Ukrainian national industrial ecosystem is currently characterized by the low technical and technological level of production and high normalized coal consumption with corresponding negative consequences for the environment. To ensure its transition to a sustainable development trajectory, it is necessary to create institutions that would stimulate a cyclical model of industrial behavior at the state level, as well as the development and dissemination of new digital technologies in industrial production and energy sector that can reduce the ecological footprint.

Lean practices and the adoption of digital technologies in production

The use of Lean principles has long enabled the improvement of efficiency and competitiveness in manufacturing firms, but during the last decade, advanced digital and automated solutions have been ...