Digital Printing Research Articles

Machine Learning‐Based Optimization of Pixel Light Intensities for Improving Polymerization Accuracy in Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

Abstract Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing shows a significant increase in industrial applications due to its ability to fabricate complex parts with fine features. However, the printed sample suffers from oversizing and loss of small features because the solidification of photocuring‐resin beyond the targeted regions. To improve printing accuracy, there are significant efforts dedicated to modeling and optimizing the printing process. Nevertheless, most works do not accurately model the chemical reaction throughout the DLP, as doing so requires expensive computational cost. As a result, they are unable to capture the root cause of overcuring. In this work, a machine learning (ML) framework is presented to optimize light patterns to improve the printing accuracy. A reduced‐order model that can accurately track the evolution of the degree of conversion (DoC) of photocuring as a function of light dose in 3D space at low computational cost is introduced. Then, it is included in an ML to optimize light patterns for producing the DoCs that yield targeted shapes. The ML is applied to two resin formulations and complex geometries, demonstrating its robustness. The speed and accuracy of this approach pave the way for advanced applications of 3D printing, such as real‐time digital twinning.

Faktor-faktor Penghambat Pengelolaan Usaha SD3 Digital Printing Desa Yosonegoro Kecamatan Limboto Barat Kabupaten Gorontalo

This research aims to identify and analyze factors that hinder the management of the SD3 Digital Printing business located in Yosonegoro Village, West Limboto District, Gorontalo Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data was obtained through interviews, direct observation and documentation. The research results show that there are three factors that become obstacles in business management, namely limited raw materials which cause production delays, a lack of facilities and infrastructure such as printing equipment and limited production space, and a lack of human resources both in terms of numbers and technical skills. These obstacles have an impact on reducing production efficiency and customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is recommended that improvements be made in supply chain management, investment in production facilities, and training for workers to improve competency and business performance.

Reconceiving orthopaedic spinal braces for spinal muscular atrophy treatment: A digital modeling and 3D printing combined framework.

Reconceiving orthopaedic spinal braces for spinal muscular atrophy treatment: A digital modeling and 3D printing combined framework.

Novel surgical guide for pink esthetic design using a digital workflow and 3D printing technology.

Novel surgical guide for pink esthetic design using a digital workflow and 3D printing technology.

감성공학에 기반한 여성 서핑복 패턴 디자인 연구

This study explores the emotional needs of female users regarding surfwear pattern design from a design perspective, aiming to provide practical guidance for designers and apparel brands in developing surfwear patterns. First, five leading surfwear brands with top market performance and consumer reputation (O’NEIL, Rip Curl, Roxy, Decathlon, Hisea) were systematically analyzed. Based on a questionnaire survey and the KJ method, 12 representative women’s surfwear samples with distinct pattern styles were selected. Subsequently, a stratified sampling method was used to ensure age-balanced responses from female participants aged 10-40 with surfing experience (10-20 years: 14.28%, 20-30 years: 67.15%, 30-40 years: 14.28%), yielding 59 valid questionnaires. The survey was designed using Kansei engineering methodology and included nine pairs of affective adjectives (e.g., “natural-artificial,” “soft-rugged,” “traditional-modern,” “complex-minimalist”) to describe the overall style of surfwear. Participants rated 12 sample images using a semantic differential method and a five-point Likert scale. Factor analysis (FA) was conducted on the ratings of the nine adjective pairs, revealing three principal factors that influence the overall perception of surfwear patterns: the fashion-personality factor, the natural-dynamic factor, and the modern-vitality factor. The findings demonstrate that pattern design plays a significant role in shaping the emotional impression of women’s surfwear. While different patterns produce varied visual effects, they can evoke similar emotional responses. Based on the three extracted Kansei factors, corresponding design strategies are proposed: for users oriented toward fashion and individuality, digital prints, geometric cuts, and gradient patchwork are recommended; for those seeking natural dynamism, integrating nature-inspired and biomimetic designs can enhance comfort and emotional resonance; and for users favoring modern vitality, incorporating street art and futurist elements can satisfy the demand for strong visual impact. This research provides a valuable reference for surfwear pattern design targeting female users. Furthermore, it enriches the theoretical foundation of Kansei engineering in the context of marine sportswear and contributes to improving product design capabilities and brand competitiveness within the industry.

4D-Printed Redox-Responsive Needle-Flow Reactors Enabling Online Quantitative Profiling of Living Rat Brain Extracellular Lactate and Glucose.

Various assays are performed based on the use of oxidase-based derivatization schemes coupled with chromogenic or fluorogenic reagents and spectrometric determination. To enable online quantitative profiling of living rat brain extracellular glucose and lactate without requiring a spectrophotometer or fluorometer, a flow reactor with a redox-responsive needle is fabricated using the digital light processing four-dimensional printing (4DP) technique and photocurable resins incorporating 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (EDT). Upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxidation of the thioether groups of the copolymer increases the polarity and swelling of the EDT-incorporated layer, inducing [H2O2]-dependent bending of the needle. Coupling this device with glucose- and lactate-oxidase-mediated reactions facilitates the reliable determination of glucose and lactate. Furthermore, the needle returns to its original state after treatment with a sodium borohydride solution, demonstrating the reversible, redox-responsive shape programming for repeated measurements. Integration of the microdialysis sampling apparatus, oxidase-based derivatization schemes, and 4D-printed redox-responsive needle-flow reactors into an online automatic analytical system achieves the method's detection limits of 0.3 μM for glucose and 0.4 μM for lactate. To verify the reliability and applicability of this method, we perform analyses of human urine and sweat, fetal bovine serum, and rat plasma with their spike analyses, compare the results with those obtained from assay kits, and profile living rat brain extracellular glucose and lactate levels with triggered neuronal depolarization. The findings demonstrate that 4DP technologies enable the efficient fabrication of redox-responsive analytical devices and enhance the applicability of conventional enzymatic assays for online quantitative chemical analysis.

Integrating Digital Innovation and Ethnic Identity in Tai Lue Craftsmanship: A Co-Creation Approach for Cultural Preservation and Tourism

This study investigates the integration of digital innovation and co-creation approaches to transform Tai Lue craftsmanship, focusing on cultural preservation, ethnic identity expression, and economic sustainability. Using a qualitative research methodology, the project engaged the Tai Lue community of Ban Luang Nuea, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai, through participatory design thinking workshops. Artisans collaborated with designers to create modern lifestyle products, including fashion accessories and home décor, by incorporating traditional Tai Lue cultural motifs enhanced through digital design and printing technologies. The study addressed the challenges of appealing to younger and international markets while empowering aging artisans to develop value-added products for the tourism sector. Findings reveal that blending modern digital tools with traditional craftsmanship can effectively preserve cultural heritage, stimulate community pride, and generate new economic opportunities. The research demonstrates that co-creation not only sustains cultural authenticity but also enhances the commercial viability of traditional crafts, contributing significantly to the development of creative economies.

Knowledge-Driven Innovation: Leveraging Digital Twins, Internet of Things, and AI for Cross-Cultural Fashion Design and Production between China and South Africa

This study investigates the implementation of an AI-driven digital twin technology platform for cross-border fashion design and production by using IoT technology, focusing on collaboration between China and South Africa in digital print fashion. The research tracks flows using IoT technology (detailed in Sec. 3.2.X) and evaluates the platform’s functionality, performance, and user experience through comprehensive testing involving designers and business representatives from both countries. The system demonstrated exceptional functionality success rates and maintained low latency under high-load conditions, indicating its robustness and scalability. User feedback revealed high satisfaction rates, with the majority of designers praising the intuitive interface and most business owners approving the decision support function. Case studies of cross-border projects showed substantial improvements in design innovation, production efficiency, and cost reduction. The platform’s capacity to enable near-real-time cooperation, analysis of cultural sensitivity, and optimization of manufacturing positions it as a potentially revolutionary influence in the worldwide fashion business. Also, combined with Internet of Things technology, it realizes intelligence and efficiency from design concept to production process. However, the study also identified areas for improvement and the need for long-term impact assessment. This research contributes to understanding how AI and digital twin technologies can address challenges in cross-border fashion collaboration, offering insights for both theoretical advancement and practical application in the industry.

Analisis Efektivitas Mesin AccurioPress 6100 dalam Produksi Cetak Digital Menggunakan Metode OEE

The development of digital printing technology requires machines with high reliability and efficiency. The AccurioPress 6100 is a widely used digital printing machine that offers a speed of up to 100 pages per minute. However, the machine’s Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) at PT. OctoPrint only ranged from 45% to 53%, which is below the industry standard of 85%. This study identifies the gap in machine efficiency and proposes solutions based on OEE analysis involving Availability, Performance, and Quality indicators. The study adopts a descriptive quantitative method, collecting data through direct observation and interviews over a 14-week period. Preventive maintenance strategies were implemented to improve machine performance. The results showed an increase in OEE to 60–63%, supported by improvements in Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) and reductions in Mean Time To Repair (MTTR).

Pengaruh Paparan Sinar UV terhadap Ketahanan Warna Hasil Cetak DTF pada Kain Cotton 30s dan Spandek Rayon

Color fastness in Direct to Film (DTF) digital screen printing is influenced by various external factors, one of which is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. This study aims to evaluate the impact of UV light on the color stability of DTF prints on two types of fabric, namely 30s cotton and spandex rayon. A quantitative approach was used in this study, involving color difference testing (ΔE), washing simulations, and UV exposure. Based on the analysis results, cotton 30s demonstrated superior color fastness performance compared to spandex rayon, as indicated by lower ΔE values after UV exposure and washing processes. Conversely, spandex rayon experienced more drastic color changes, especially after being washed with bleach detergent. These findings emphasize that the selection of fabric materials and washing methods are critical factors.

The Brief Study of Block Printing

ABSTRACT Block printing is one of the earliest and most enduring techniques of textile and paper decoration, with origins tracing back to ancient civilizations in Asia. This research paper explores the historical development, technical processes, cultural significance, and contemporary relevance of block printing. Focusing primarily on traditional practices in India and East Asia, the study analyzes how hand-carved wooden blocks were used to transfer intricate designs onto fabrics and other surfaces. The paper also examines the evolution of block printing through the lens of trade, colonization, and industrialization, and how it adapted to modern artistic and commercial demands. In addition, the research highlights current efforts to preserve this artisanal craft amidst challenges posed by digital printing technologies and mass production. Through historical analysis, field studies, and interviews with artisans, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of block printing not just as a decorative technique but as a vital form of cultural heritage and sustainable craftsmanship.

Multimaterial additive manufacturing through grayscale digital light processing 3D printing

Grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) has emerged as a significant advancement in multimaterial additive manufacturing, providing high precision and versatility in the fabrication of complex, multifunctional structures. By modulating ultraviolet (UV) light intensity at the pixel level, g-DLP enables spatially resolved tuning of mechanical, optical, and electrical properties within a single part using a single resin vat. This approach addresses the traditional limitations of digital light processing (DLP), such as a single set of material properties, while preserving the key features of high resolution, smooth surface quality, and efficient layer-by-layer fabrication. This perspective paper introduces the foundational mechanisms and key technological breakthroughs that have positioned g-DLP as a multimaterial manufacturing technique. A diverse array of applications is discussed, including the fabrication of integrated fiber and matrix composites to achieve enhanced mechanical performance, the precise modulation of optical properties, multicolor printing from a single resin vat, the development of functional electronic components with tailored conductivity, and 4D printing for dynamic, stimuli-responsive systems. By leveraging pixel-level control of material properties, g-DLP not only broadens the scope of design possibilities but also delivers a combination of efficiency, customization, and multifunctionality. It enables the creation of advanced materials and devices for next-generation applications.

The Improving Injury Prevention in Sports in the Jaw and Maxillary Area: A Comprehensive Overview of Mouthguards and Their Effectiveness

Mouthguards, also referred to as mouth protectors or intraoral protective devices, are designed to safeguard teeth and surrounding soft tissues from injury during sports activities. Typically made from materials such as EVA, acrylics, silicone, and polyurethane, mouthguards play a vital role in preventing dental trauma, including tooth fractures, luxation, soft tissue damage, and jaw injuries. Custom-made variants, particularly those created through digital workflows and 3D printing, offer improved comfort, occlusal fit, and protective efficiency, with ongoing advancements promising further enhancements through biocompatible, rubber-like materials. Proper occlusal adjustment, such as flat grinding, enhances contact and comfort, contributing to better user compliance. Research suggests custom mouthguards not only offer superior protection compared to over-the-counter options but may also positively influence athletic performance, including balance and muscle activation through mechanisms like concurrent activation potentiation. Despite their benefits, cost and accessibility remain barriers to widespread use. Thus, custom-made mouthguards are strongly recommended for athletes engaged in high-impact sports to ensure optimal protection and performance support.

3D Printable Materials with Visible Light Triggered Photochromism and Room Temperature Phosphorescence.

Light-responsive organic functional materials, especially photochromic materials and room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, have emerged as key players recently for driving advancements in various cutting-edge optical applications. Most of them exhibit a single functional property upon ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, while visible light triggered functional materials are still scarce. Herein, we have designed three triphenylethylene materials with visible light triggered photochromism and RTP dual-functional properties via a local rigidity design strategy and host-guest strategy and successfully fabricated 3D structures through digital light processing 3D printing methods. The extended π-conjugation structure of triphenylethylene derivatives in the ring-closed forms by introducing dibenzothiophene into the triphenylethylene skeleton influenced the redshift of the absorption peaks and excitation spectra. The halogens and twisted molecules create abundant intermolecular interactions that stabilize the triplet exciton and reduce energy, leading to visible light triggered photochromism and RTP. Taking advantage of the great convenience of excitation light in the visible range, these dual-functional 3D printed materials can be used to create individualized structures. This study not only opens up a strategy for developing functional photosensitive materials that combine photochromism and RTP properties but also provides our insight into optical multichannel information storage with high resolution.

Rising Seas: Representations of Antarctica, Climate Change, And Sea Level Rise in U.S. Newspaper Coverage

ABSTRACT A changing Antarctica carries large implications for global climate systems and sea level rise. However, how climate change is altering Antarctica and how these changes are communicated in news media remains unclear. This article explores how Antarctica, climate change, and sea level rise are portrayed in digital print news media by conducting a content analysis of Antarctic climate coverage in seven U.S. newspapers between March 2007 and December 2022. Findings suggest that newspaper reporting of Antarctica’s changing climate is limited, and that framed coverage about Antarctica, climate change, and sea level rise primarily emphasizes scientific and ecological implications.

Computer-Assisted Design and Printing: Intelligent Algorithms for Personalized Textiles

With the advancement of science and technology, textile printing technology continues to improve. Textile printing is the process of applying color images to fabrics using various methods, such as screen printing or digital printing. Design is generated digitally or manually and then applied to fabrics to enhance their visual appeal. The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent textile printing design algorithm for personalized customization. In textile printing patterns, there are many repetitive pattern elements that are key factors affecting textile pattern design in the textile industry. To address this issue, we have introduced an innovative method called the Pigeon-Inspired Global Pool-Driven Residual Network (PI-GP-ResNet) algorithm. We obtained a dataset containing various printed textile patterns, carefully planned to cover a wide range of styles, textures, and complexities, facilitating robust algorithm training and evaluation. The obtained raw data are preprocessed using image normalization. Through the global pooling mechanism, it can identify duplicate pattern primitives. Using the learned patterns, the model generates customized textile prints, providing accurate and universal recognition. In the evaluation phase, we thoroughly examined the ability of our proposed PI-GP-ResNet model to recognize textile printing patterns under different parameters. The effectiveness of this method has been verified through comparison with traditional methods. Our experimental results clearly indicate that the model we recommend performs better than other traditional methods, with significant improvements in accuracy and robustness, especially under dynamic conditions.

Uniform-Colored Synthetic Textiles by Digital Inkjet Printing: Effect of Vacuum Plasma Treatment and Multiple Printing Passes

This study investigates the potential use of digital inkjet printing to produce uniform-colored textiles comparable to those dyed conventionally. The color uniformity of inkjet-printed block pattern using combined vacuum plasma treatment and inkjet printing of nano-pigment ink is studied. The surface properties of the plasma treated textiles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and absorption. The color performances, color uniformity and fastness properties of printed textiles were evaluated by color measurement, wash fastness, and abrasion tests respectively. The results showed that plasma treatment significantly enhances the color performance of printed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide 66 (PA). The color strength increases with printing passes and the most significant enhancement was with two printing passes, thereafter it reaches saturation. It was found that plasma-treated fabrics absorbed the ink faster, therefore the colorants concentrated at the textile surface. Furthermore, the inks printed on plasma-treated samples showed better wash fastness and abrasion property for both PET and PA fabrics. Moreover, the color uniformity results showed that ΔECMC is distributed between 0.25 and 0.5 over the uniform-colored surface. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using resource-efficient textile processes, such as plasma treatment and inkjet printing, to produce uniform-colored textiles as alternative to conventional dyeing methods.

Shorter-process low-carbon cleaner digital ink-jet printing of polyester-cotton blend fabric using self-cured core-shell color microsphere with high dyes content

Shorter-process low-carbon cleaner digital ink-jet printing of polyester-cotton blend fabric using self-cured core-shell color microsphere with high dyes content

Comparative Efficacy of Digital 3D-Printed and Conventional Stable Occlusal Splints in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of diseases that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures. This present study aims to explore the clinical comparative efficacy of digital 3D-printed and conventional handmade stable occlusal splints in the treatment of TMD and provide evidence for clinical promotion. A total of 130 patients diagnosed with TMD using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. One group received conventional handmade occlusal splints, while the other group received digital 3D-printed splints. The treatment efficacy, craniomandibular index scores and splint fabrication time were compared between the two groups at follow-up. The findings indicated that digital 3D-printed stable occlusal splints offered comparable efficacy and satisfaction levels to traditional stabilisation splints while significantly cutting down on production time and enhancing overall efficiency. This study demonstrated that the use of fully digital technology, including digital intraoral scanning, virtual adjustments, computer-aided design and 3D printing, in fabricating occlusal splints for TMD patients not only maintained therapeutic effectiveness but also streamlined the production process. Digital 3D-printed stable occlusal splints can not only alleviate TMD symptoms as effectively and satisfactorily as the conventional handmade stable splint, but also reduce production time and improve accuracy and efficiency, promising good clinical application prospects.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF FASHION DESIGN WITH MOTIFS IN THE DIGITAL ERA AGAINST COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN THE INDONESIAN FASHION

The introduction of digital technology into the process of creating and distributing fashion motif designs, such as the application of digital printing techniques, increasingly shows how vulnerable creative works are to copyright infringement practices. Learning and applying this technology also raises the need for adequate legal knowledge, so that there needs to be socialization and education regarding copyright among creative industry players. Along with globalization and increasingly widespread internet penetration, cases of copyright infringement are not limited to one country. The digital transformation in the fashion industry has opened up opportunities for designers to develop creative fashion motifs through digital media, but at the same time increases the risk of copyright infringement due to the ease of replication, distribution, and modification of designs online. The application of digital printing technology, for example, allows for the reproduction of motifs with high quality and speed that is difficult to monitor, thus raising legal issues if the design is duplicated without permission. The gap between advances in information technology and the legal framework for intellectual property protection and the low level of legal literacy among creative industry players further exacerbates this condition. Therefore, it is necessary to revise laws and regulations, improve monitoring mechanisms, and provide intensive education so that the copyright protection system for fashion motif designs can be comprehensively integrated. Integration between digital technology innovation and adaptive regulatory enforcement is considered the key to creating a fair, innovative fashion industry ecosystem that is able to provide proper rewards to creators.