Digital Method Research Articles

Fault Types and Diagnostic Methods of Manipulator Robots: A Review

Manipulator robots hold significant importance for the development of intelligent manufacturing and industrial transformation. Manufacturers and users are increasingly focusing on fault diagnosis for manipulator robots. The voltage, current, speed, torque, and vibration signals of manipulator robots are often used to explore the fault characteristics from a frequency perspective, and temperature and sound are also used to represent the fault information of manipulator robots from different perspectives. Technically, manipulator robot fault diagnosis involving human intervention is gradually being replaced by new technologies, such as expert experience, artificial intelligence, and digital twin methods. Previous reviews have tended to focus on a single type of fault, such as analysis of reducers or joint bearings, which has led to a lack of comprehensive summary of various methods for manipulator robot fault diagnosis. Considering the needs of future research, a review of different fault types and diagnostic methods of manipulator robots provides readers with a clearer reading experience and reveals potential challenges and opportunities. Such a review helps new researchers entering the field avoid duplicating past work and provides a comprehensive overview, guiding and encouraging readers to commit to enhancing the effectiveness and practicality of manipulator robot fault diagnosis technologies.

Conformal Transformation–Based Mechanical Modeling for Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring

Abstract Continuous blood pressure monitoring is essential for individuals, particularly those with cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the continuous measurement of blood pressure using versatile, flexible wearable sensors. However, the analytical relationship among blood pressure, arterial properties, and the pressure sensed by these flexible sensors remains unclear, leading to potential misdiagnoses or missed early warnings. This paper presents a mechanical model that establishes the relationship between blood pressure and the pressure sensed by flexible sensors for continuous blood pressure monitoring, utilizing the conformal transformation method. The blood artery and surrounding tissues are modeled as an elastic half-plane with a circular cavity, subjected to uniform radial pressure at the cavity's inner boundary. By combining conformal transformation and inverse conformal transformation techniques, explicit expressions for stress and displacement are derived in the tissues surrounding the blood vessel and on the skin surface. These findings are validated through finite element analysis and experimental results obtained using digital image correlation methods. Additionally, a simple scaling law relating the normalized pressure perceived by the sensor to the normalized artery depth and radius is established. The mechanical model established in this paper provides an analytical relationship among the pressure perceived by the sensor, blood pressure, and artery parameters, paving the way for analytically extracting accurate blood pressure values from the output electrical signals of flexible wearable sensors.

The Digital Shift in Art Education: Balancing Tradition, Innovation, and Integration

This article explores the strategies, advantages, disadvantages, and methods of digitalizing art education. The study focuses on observations and research conducted at the selected university, where the characteristics of classroom technologies in the art department were analyzed and categorized. The paper challenges the claim that "all traditional teaching methods should be abandoned in favor of complete digitization and increased reliance on technological tools." Instead, it aims to provide a clear perspective on digital technologies' current state and features in art education, facilitating their effective integration into traditional and modern teaching approaches in the university under study. This ensures that the digitization of art education progresses in a practical and well-informed manner. Given that educators, students, and educational institutions hold diverse perspectives on digitization, examining the fusion of traditional and digital teaching methods is strategic and highlights the need to address the viewpoints of these three groups. The primary concern of this paper is bridging the gap between traditional art education and technology-driven art education. While the findings suggest that the benefits of technology integration in art education outweigh the drawbacks, they also offer a promising pathway for balancing tradition and technology, successfully merging the two to foster creativity and innovation. Received: 30 January 2025 / Accepted: 4 March 2025 / Published: 10 March 2025

Integrating Machine Learning For Risk Prediction and Adaptive Strategy in Drug Development Programs

The future of clinical development is on the verge of a major transformation due to the convergence of significant new digital data sources, computing power to identify clinically meaningful patterns in the data using efficient artificial intelligence and machine-learning algorithms, and regulators embracing this change through new collaborations. This perspective summarizes insights, recent developments, and recommendations for infusing actionable computational evidence into clinical development and health care from the academy, the biotechnology industry, nonprofit foundations, regulators, and technology corporations. Analysis and learning from publically available biomedical and clinical trial data sets, real-world evidence from sensors, and health records by machine-learning architectures are discussed. Strategies for modernizing the clinical development process by integrating AI and ML based digital methods and secure computing technologies through recently announced regulatory pathways at the United States Food and Drug Administration are outlined. We conclude by discussing applications and the impact of digital algorithmic evidence on improving medical care for patients.

Decentralized digital preservation: the LOCKSS initiative and shadow libraries

PurposeThis study begins by explaining the co-venture between the Stanford University and Sun Labs: Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe or LOCKSS. It aims at assisting libraries in maintaining, owning and preserving digital journals through decentralized digital repositories. Based on this technique of preservation, this study aims at illuminating how illicit repositories for literature, so-called shadow libraries, leverage similar methods to sustain their existence. The study does so by viewing the web of shadow libraries as an ecology, examining their interrelations and their sustainability in the digital realm.Design/methodology/approachThis study is inspired by webometric approaches, but it instead focuses on link structures rather than number of links, emphasizing the existence of connections rather than their weight. The data were collected using Hyphe, a user-centric Web Crawler, which maps the connections between a predetermined set of web addresses. This approach is informed by theoretical understandings from both platform and infrastructure studies with the intention of providing insights the mechanisms of decentralization and centralization which constitute the proposed shadow library ecology.FindingsLOCKSS inspired methodology is found to play a crucial role in sustaining shadow libraries over extended periods. By creating multiple copies and creating avenues for the possibility of users to create multiple copies, shadow libraries seemingly secure their existence by leveraging the fundamental aspects of piracy itself: copies.Originality/valueThis study uses digital methods to unpack the dynamic of shadow libraries, showing how they infuse technology with their ideology to ensure digital preservation and broader access to knowledge.

Transforming on Digital Education: Perceptions of Teachers and Students at High School, in Cambodia

Transforming on digital education was a process of digital transformation in the education system, regarding as a way to improve education quality and teaching and learning methods in responding to Industrial Revolution 4.0. This study aimed at examining the perceptions and challenges of teachers and students on the transformation of digital education. This research also explored the impact of digital education transformation on the process of teaching and learning at Cambodian high schools. In depth-presentations of research results, the study used mixed methods-research for data collection and analysis. The collected data were analyzed by using the content analysis method for qualitative data analysis and descriptive statistics method for quantitative data analysis. The results showed that transformation of digital education proffered the importance to improving the education quality and reforming education. Transforming on digital education helps teachers and students develop their digital skills. Thus, this study provided many benefits to the digital education, including enhancing the quality of digital education, improving teaching and learning methods, developing the digital skills of teachers and students, and integrating digital technology with traditional teaching and learning

Minimum performance requirements for analytical methods of GMO testing: supplement on digital PCR and recommendations for detection of new genomics techniques and GM animals

Abstract The Working Group on Method Performance Requirements (WG-MPR) of the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL) and the EU Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food and Feed (EURL GMFF) have extended the scope of its guidance document on the “Definition of minimum performance requirements for analytical methods of GMO testing”. This document establishes criteria for the development and validation of methods for GMO analysis, both for EU market authorization applications and for official food and feed control. The guidance outlines definitions and performance requirements for methods used to detect and quantify GMOs and has recently been expanded to include digital PCR methods, the detection of genetically modified animals, and the analysis of products developed using new mutagenesis techniques. The guidance document is freely available on the EURL GMFF website (https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC125975 accessed 25.02.2025).

Bitcoin, Central Bank Digital Currency and the Loss of Money Value(s)

ABSTRACT Over recent decades, especially since the 2007–08 global financial crisis, the world has experienced a rapid shift toward the adoption of digital payment methods. This trend has been driven by the rise of cryptocurrencies and introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), which are accelerating the move to a cashless society. This article explores the socio-cultural and geopolitical values of cash, often overlooked in the transition to digital currencies such as bitcoin and CBDCs. Using a historical lens, we analyze the role of cash in shaping culture, history, and geopolitics and propose policy measures to integrate these values into the design of digital currencies.

Teaching Foreign Language Professionally Oriented Communication to Students – Future Teachers of the English Language in the Digital Educational Environment of a Pedagogical University

The article is devoted to the problem of teaching foreign language professionally oriented communication to students – future teachers of the English language in the digital educational environment of a pedagogical university. The purpose of the research is to create and present the structural model of a digital educational environment of a communicative-contextual type, in which with the help of digital teaching methods, technologies and digital teaching tools, the communicative contexts of the future professional activity of students – future foreign language teachers are modeled. The methodology of the research is presented with the help of such research methods as analysis and generalization of theoretical positions of competence-based, contextual (A. A. Verbitsky, V. G. Kalashnikov, O. I. Shcherbakova), environmental (S. V. Krivykh, T. N. Noskova, S. V. Tarasov) approaches. The modeling method was used as a general scientific method for presentation of the research results. The novelty of the research. The author of the article introduces the term «digital educational environment of a communicative-contextual type", gives its definition and describes the components of this environment. It is concluded that the content of professionally oriented communicative training of students – future English language teachers in a digital educational environment of a communicative-contextual type is presented in digital learning environments of a contextual type. The minimal didactic units of the content of a foreign language professionally oriented communicative training are presented to students in digital learning environments with the help of communicative situations of a pedagogical discourse of an English language teacher. The results of the study. A model of a digital educational environment of a communicative- contextual type is presented and described. In this digital educational environment with the help of the whole system of digital information resources and methods of contextual learning, foreign language professional communicative competency of students – future English language teachers is formed.

Marketing Strategies and Its Effect on Customer Patronage of Restaurants

Consumer behaviour and customer patronage are significantly influenced by marketing strategies in the restaurant industry. This study compares traditional and digital marketing strategies to see how they effect consumer participation, loyalty, and purchasing decisions. This study demonstrates that products, pricing, venues, and promotions—the marketing mix—are very effective in boosting customer satisfaction. It also explores the expanding scope of the influence of social media marketing, creative promotional strategies, and personalised engagement. Results indicate that organisations using adaptive and customer-centric strategies exhibit higher levels of brand loyalty and consumer retention. The study suggests fusing digital and traditional marketing methods to reach more consumer. The restaurant industry is highly competitive, so it's essential for businesses to continually adjust their marketing approaches to align with the evolving preferences of customers. This report provides valuable insights for marketers aiming to boost customer engagement and foster long-term loyalty.

Defining margins and emergence profile in vertical preparations: A digital technique.

The application of a digital workflow to the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) is described. The BOPT places prosthesis margins apical to the free gingival margin, promoting natural gingival adaptation and long-term tissue stability. The digital method described here addresses the clinical challenges of impression making and the accurate replication of the emergence profile from the interim to the definitive restoration.

Comparing analog and 3D measurements of vertical dimension in edentulous subjects.

Comparing analog and 3D measurements of vertical dimension in edentulous subjects.

Spot test with smartphone digital image analysis for determination of methadone in exhaled breath condensate.

Spot test with smartphone digital image analysis for determination of methadone in exhaled breath condensate.

Corrigendum to “Establishment of digital PCR method and reference materials for porcine parvovirus detection” [Microchem. J. 207 (2024) 112143]

Corrigendum to “Establishment of digital PCR method and reference materials for porcine parvovirus detection” [Microchem. J. 207 (2024) 112143]

A digital twin data management and process traceability method for the complex product assembly process

To achieve continuous improvement in production, it is essential to develop robust data management and process traceability for the assembly process. However, most existing studies on assembly processes struggle to implement refined data management and process traceability during the execution stage, particularly for complex products. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a workflow-based and multi-level data-driven digital twin system for the assembly process. First, a workflow-based data acquisition method is employed to facilitate systematic data collection. Subsequently, an OPC UA (Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture) information model is developed to enable dynamic data management, establishing a seamless connection between the physical and virtual assembly lines. Finally, deep learning techniques are incorporated to estimate the remaining assembly lead time, guided by multi-level data. Experimental validation is conducted in a real-world assembly workshop, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively manages hierarchical assembly processes and accurately predicts assembly progress.

Accuracy, repeatability and time consumption of selected digital measurement methods of roundwood stacks

Accuracy, repeatability and time consumption of selected digital measurement methods of roundwood stacks

Development of a digital algorithm for assessing tumor-stroma ratio, tumor budding and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas

Development of a digital algorithm for assessing tumor-stroma ratio, tumor budding and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas

디지털 심화기의 기본권 보호를 위한 입법론 - 보건의료영역을 중심으로

At the time of rapid transition to a digital society, the protection of fundamental rights based on the freedom of choice (Wahlfreiheit) for analog methods applies to the private sector as well as the public sector. Given that those who are unable to use digital technologies may become a group that has difficulty in social participation and access to necessary information at any time, there may be a need to add a new conceptual approach to ‘vulnerability’ and a new method of protection. Traditionally, the right to health in the Constitution is understood as the right to claim the exclusion of health infringements from the government and the benefits and considerations required to maintain health. However, when society diversifies due to digital transformation, it can be said to include both the right to access health services and the freedom to choose and decide on health services from the perspective of individuals who actually receive health services. If the freedom to choose and decide on health services is considered to be rational only when personal health information (such as test information for diagnosis and medication information) that must be provided during the decision-making process is provided, the right to access personal health information can also be considered part of the right to health. In addition, the right to self-determination in health care services does not simply mean the freedom to use digital methods or to choose between digital methods, but can also mean a decision in a state where there is the possibility of selection that can guarantee the choice of analog methods as well. In terms of legislative theory, it is considered that the protection of fundamental rights begins with establishing a structure that can guarantee the more essential content of fundamental rights. In the area of self-determination, respecting the choice of analog methods in which direct communication among people takes place can be a matter in which the more essential part can be guaranteed. Therefore, in the era of future digital deepening, the protection of fundamental rights should establish a structure that can have a more sustainable effect through legislative measures such as further detailing the criteria for employment and personnel allocation to increase the human friendliness of digital technology and defining the personnel required to facilitate the use of health care services by vulnerable groups as the personnel required for opening or operating a health care institution in the future.

Introducing the contextual digital divide: Insights from microscopic anatomy on usage behavior and effectiveness of digital versus face-to-face learning.

In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward the digitization of education, highlighting the need to understand how different learning modalities impact medical student outcomes. This study analyzes user behavior among medical students in Microscopic Anatomy, focusing on preferences for digital versus face-to-face guided self-study. A cohort of 684 students participated in Microscopic Anatomy courses, choosing between digital and face-to-face guided self-study sessions. Student participation was systematically tracked, capturing detailed data on the frequency and duration of engagement with each self-study modality. Quantitative measures of academic performance were collected, and user behavior was analyzed to identify trends in learning outcomes. The majority preferred face-to-face sessions, with attendance increasing over the semester. By the end, 78.44% found hands-on engagement with microscopes more effective and engaging than digital alternatives. Students attending in-person sessions achieved superior academic outcomes, with a failure rate of 13.69% compared to 22.04% among nonattendees. Preferences were influenced by direct tutor interactions (61.38%) and peer engagement during free microscopy sessions (74.25%). Additionally, 46.71% reported higher motivation when studying in the histology lecture hall compared to at home. These findings reveal a 'Contextual Digital Divide', where digital learning may not fully meet educational needs in contexts requiring hands-on experiences and direct interaction. Our results highlight the need to reinforce face-to-face teaching in specific contexts to ensure an effective learning experience. Future research should build on these insights to better understand situations where digital methods may fall short of learners' needs.

Rehabilitation of a Terminal Dentition Patient Using an Immediate Loading Protocol With a Virtual Patient-Assisted Workflow: A Case Report.

To demonstrate the implementation of a digital workflow for the rehabilitation of a terminal dentition patient with complete-arch implant-supported prostheses. A virtual patient-oriented workflow can facilitate interdisciplinary treatment planning, improving the synergism between surgical and prosthetic procedures. Digital technologies assisted the acquisition of prosthetic information and optimized dental implant placement, provisional restoration fabrication, and delivery of definitive prostheses. Digital processing methods enable the integration of cutting-edge technological innovations, with fundamental prosthetic and surgical principles, to build individualized workflows for immediate implant placement and loading, aiming to provide improved patient care in comprehensive rehabilitation. To ensure predictable outcomes, a thorough diagnosis and data collection are needed for selecting the appropriate digital workflow, based on the latest scientific evidence. For patients with terminal dentition, clinicians can integrate artificial intelligence (AI) driven applications to form a comprehensive treatment plan. The virtual treatment plan can then be transferred to clinical practice, enabling surgical and prosthetic interventions for complete-arch, immediate implant placement and loading through a digital workflow.