Online arbitration has emerged as a significant innovation in dispute resolution systems in the digital era, as information technology has become the primary foundation for various legal activities. This mechanism offers a new way to resolve disputes through the use of digital platforms that enable parties to interact without geographical boundaries. This study aims to analyze the relevance, challenges, and changes in legal processes brought about by online arbitration in the modern context. Using a juridical-normative method, the study examines the applicable legal framework, doctrine, and academic literature to understand how digitalization affects arbitration procedures. The analysis shows that online arbitration has strategic value because it can provide efficiency, flexibility, and accessibility not always found in conventional arbitration. However, its implementation still faces various issues, such as data security, technological capability gaps, the integrity of electronic evidence, and the lack of comprehensive legal standards. On the other hand, digitalization has also driven significant changes in the structure of procedural law, including the simplification of procedures and the expansion of the recognition of electronic evidence. This study confirms that the success of online arbitration requires regulatory harmonization, increased technical capacity of the parties, and strengthening of digital infrastructure so that it can function as an effective, fair, and adaptive dispute resolution mechanism to technological developments.

Digital transformation in the health sector places Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as an important component in strengthening integrated primary health care services. This study aims to analyze the conditions of EMR implementation, its effectiveness in supporting the integration of primary health care services, and to formulate follow-up strategies in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in the Sukabumi Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review and case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders at Puskesmas and documentation studies of policies and official reports related to EMR. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using the Input–Process–Output–Outcome (IPOO) framework. The results showed that the implementation of EMR at Puskesmas in the Sukabumi Regency has been running and supports the integration of primary health services, but it is not yet optimal. The use of EMR is still partial and not yet fully integrated between service units. Limitations in digital infrastructure, human resource competencies, and system instability are the main obstacles at the input and process stages. In terms of output, EMR has increased the speed and accuracy of medical records, with an average data delivery rate to the SATUSEHAT platform of 74.13%, indicating sufficient integration effectiveness. However, the use of EMR data for health analysis and evidence-based decision-making is still limited. This study recommends strengthening human resource capacity, digital infrastructure, standardizing SOPs, integrating with SATUSEHAT, and promoting cross-sectoral synergy among local governments.Digital transformation in the health sector places Electronic Medical Records (EMR) as an important component in strengthening integrated primary health care services. This study aims to analyze the conditions of EMR implementation, its effectiveness in supporting the integration of primary health care services, and to formulate follow-up strategies in Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in the Sukabumi Regency. The study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review and case study design. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with key stakeholders at Puskesmas and documentation studies of policies and official reports related to EMR. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and analytically using the Input–Process–Output–Outcome (IPOO) framework. The results showed that the implementation of EMR at Puskesmas in the Sukabumi Regency has been running and supports the integration of primary health services, but it is not yet optimal. The use of EMR is still partial and not yet fully integrated between service units. Limitations in digital infrastructure, human resource competencies, and system instability are the main obstacles at the input and process stages. In terms of output, EMR has increased the speed and accuracy of medical records, with an average data delivery rate to the SATUSEHAT platform of 74.13%, indicating sufficient integration effectiveness. However, the use of EMR data for health analysis and evidence-based decision-making is still limited. This study recommends strengthening human resource capacity, digital infrastructure, standardizing SOPs, integrating with SATUSEHAT, and promoting cross-sectoral synergy among local governments.

Entrepreneurial success has traditionally been evaluated using economic indicators such as profitability, firm growth, and survival rates. However, in African contexts where inclusive entrepreneurship plays a critical role in promoting equity and sustainable development, such conventional measures often overlook essential dimensions of inclusion, empowerment, and social transformation. This study develops a multidimensional framework for measuring entrepreneurial success in inclusive contexts across selected African countries. It integrates financial, human, social, and institutional dimensions to capture the real impact of entrepreneurship on marginalized and underrepresented groups, including women, youth, and persons with disabilities. Using a mixed-method design, the study draws on cross-country data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), African Development Bank (AfDB) SME databases, and national enterprise surveys conducted between 2020 and 2024. Four econometric models are estimated to test the relationships between financial inclusion, human capital development, institutional support, and social empowerment as determinants of entrepreneurial success. The models include: (1) a financial inclusion model assessing access to credit and financial services; (2) a human capital model examining training, education, and experience; (3) an institutional support model focusing on public policy, incubator networks, and digital infrastructure; and (4) an integrated multidimensional model combining all key drivers. The results demonstrate that inclusive entrepreneurial success is significantly influenced by access to financial services, supportive institutional environments, and the availability of digital tools that enhance market participation. Moreover, the study introduces an Inclusive Entrepreneurial Success Index (IESI)-a composite measure designed to evaluate the performance of entrepreneurs within inclusive ecosystems. The IESI allows for comparative analysis across regions and policy programs, providing an adaptable tool for researchers, policymakers, and development practitioners. The findings emphasize the need to move beyond profit-based evaluation models toward broader indicators that reflect empowerment, equality of opportunity, and social impact. This new framework contributes to inclusive entrepreneurship theory and offers strategic insights for designing equitable and sustainable entrepreneurship policies aligned with the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

ABSTRACT Reducing emissions in last-mile logistics is a growing priority, and digitalization is widely viewed as a pathway to greater efficiency and decarbonization. Proof of Delivery (POD) is central to digital transformation, yet its environmental impacts remain underexplored from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective. This study conducts a comparative LCA of four POD configurations—paper-based, digitally scanned, AI-assisted, and blockchain-integrated—using data from a Taiwanese third-party logistics provider. We quantify cradle-to-grave emissions from materials, energy use, and digital infrastructure, including AI inference and blockchain operations. The paper-based system shows the highest footprint (222.3 gCO2e/transaction). Digital scanning reduces emissions by 78.0%, AI-assisted systems by 73.0%, and blockchain-enabled systems by 63.8%, reflecting high consensus energy demand. A hybrid approach—retaining paper at delivery while digitizing back-office processes through AI-supported optical character recognition—emerges as a pragmatic transition pathway. These findings provide transaction-level LCA evidence to inform scalable decarbonization strategies in last-mile logistics.

Digital Financial Infrastructure and Corporate Sustainability: Evidence from China’s e-CNY

Abstract This study investigates the performance and science mapping of ICT adoption in SMEs through a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications. We examine how the ICT-in-SMEs literature evolved over 1997–2024 and where accounting and sustainability themes are situated within that corpus. Proxies are operationalized via author and index keywords, co-word structures, and controlled overlays linking ERP, e-invoicing, and cloud to sustainability-accounting mechanisms (measurement, reporting, assurance). The dataset comprised 450 records (1997–2024), of which 442 English-language documents were analyzed; computation and visualization used Biblioshiny (bibliometrix, R) and VOSviewer. We trace the field’s evolution—particularly how ICT underpins accounting for sustainability—identifying key intellectual structures, turning points, and emerging themes. Results show Alshamaila et al. (J Enterp Inf Manag 26(3):250–275, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410391311325225 ) as the most-cited document (577 citations, Journal of Enterprise Information Management ; as of 28 May 2024); the same journal records the highest local H-index; Rogers and Venkatesh are prominent cited authors; “information and communication technologies” is the most frequent topic; and the United Kingdom emerges as a collaboration hub. Beyond mapping, we interpret platform-centric themes (ERP, e-invoicing/e-commerce, cloud) as digital accounting infrastructures that generate auditable sustainability information (e.g., cost/energy/material accounts, supplier compliance, payment traceability). We integrate thematic clusters with TOE/DOI mechanisms to explain antecedents of these data-generating routines in SMEs. The findings guide future research and adoption strategies, advancing SDG-oriented accountability through efficient, effective digital accounting records.

The role of EU funds in capital investment for health-care: a case study of Estonia's approach to provider network transformation 2004-2024.

Digital infrastructure construction, patient capital, and corporate digital technology innovation

This study aims to analyze the effect of digital readiness on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by considering environmental quality as a control variable. Digital readiness is represented by the Network Readiness Index (NRI), while environmental quality is measured using the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). This study uses a quantitative approach with cross-country secondary data. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationship between variables. The results show that digital readiness has a significant positive impact on SDG achievement after being controlled for environmental quality, indicating that improving a country's digital capabilities contributes to sustainable social, economic, and environmental progress. These findings reinforce the Social-Technical Systems Theory (STST), which explains that the interaction between technical systems and socio-environmental systems is key to achieving global sustainability. In practical terms, the results of this study have policy implications that governments need to integrate the digital transformation agenda with sustainable development strategies through the strengthening of inclusive digital infrastructure. Synergy between technology investment and environmentally friendly policies is expected to accelerate the overall achievement of the 2030 SDGs.

Improving quality of care in systemic sclerosis.

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is the largest free trade area with 54 member states. Language barrier issues, infrastructure shortfall constraints, and structural challenges have plagued the U.S. trade with Francophone Africa. AfCFTA presents opportunities for the U.S. to strengthen its trade relationship with Francophone Africa. This paper combines peer-reviewed studies and policy reports on governmental reforms, digital services, infrastructure, and logistics to create new opportunities for U.S. businesses and offer insights to guide policy decisions. The findings highlight that uniform regulatory frameworks, efficiency in customs operations, and expanding intra-African trade present opportunities for the U.S. to increase exports, improve supply chain systems, and promote diversity in trade relationships. The findings suggest that U.S. support for the AfCFTA framework will benefit U.S. economic interests. The U.S. will achieve significant gains through technical support, private sector participation, and government engagement with AfCFTA. Additionally, the U.S. will benefit from the opening up of new markets for products, the competitive positioning of U.S. businesses against global trade rivals, and the formation of mutually beneficial economic alliances that strengthen energy security and supply chains. U.S. involvement in enhanced digital trade and infrastructure partnerships will enhance its position in the African trade and economic landscape and secure U.S. geopolitical interests. It is argued that sustained U.S. support for implementing AfCFTA could yield significant benefits.

The synergy between Sharīʿah fintech regulation and halal tourism must be grounded in the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah), which prohibit usury (ribā), uncertainty (gharār), and gambling (maysir), to foster a fair, transparent, and sustainable economic ecosystem that empowers local communities. In practice, however, this synergy faces several challenges, including regulatory oversight gaps, superficial Sharīʿah compliance, cross-sectoral regulatory fragmentation, low levels of Sharīʿah financial literacy, and limited digital infrastructure. In Indonesia, Sharīʿah fintech is regulated by POJK No. 77/2016 on technology-based lending services, DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 117/2018 on Sharīʿah-compliant fintech operations, and PBI No. 19/2017 concerning fintech implementation and financial system stability. Halal tourism, meanwhile, is governed by Law No. 33/2014 on Halal Product Assurance, which mandates halal certification for goods and services, including tourism-related activities. This normative legal research employs legislative, conceptual, and analytical approaches, drawing on primary and secondary legal materials obtained through literature review and document analysis. The findings indicate that regulatory integration between Sharīʿah fintech and halal tourism is essential for promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth. Such synergy enhances transparency, accountability, and trust, while enabling halal tourism operators to access ethical financing through instruments such as muḍārabah and mushārakah. Ultimately, this collaboration strengthens Indonesia’s national halal ecosystem, supports SMEs, enhances economic development, and increases global competitiveness in halal market.

The Mahalakshmi Scheme is a welfare initiative introduced to provide free public transportation for women, aimed at improving accessibility, safety, and social inclusion. However, the existing manual and semi-digital methods suffer from challenges such as identity misuse, lack of real-time tracking, manual verification errors, and inefficient monitoring of travel limits. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a secure and intelligent Digital Bus Pass Management System that automates beneficiary registration, travel validation, and monitoring using modern web and mobile technologies. The proposed system enables female beneficiaries to register using Aadhaar-based identity verification and mobile OTP authentication, ensuring authenticity and eliminating duplicate entries. Upon successful registration, a unique Mahalakshmi ID along with a QR code is generated for each beneficiary. Conductors use a dedicated application to scan the QR code, validate user credentials, and record journey details such as source, destination, and travel distance. The system automatically calculates the traveled distance and enforces a monthly free travel limit, beyond which fare calculation is performed dynamically. A centralized backend manages real-time data processing, maintains travel history, and supports administrative monitoring. The admin dashboard provides insights into beneficiary usage, conductor activity, total distance traveled, and revenue generated from excess travel. Security mechanisms such as role-based access control, encrypted data storage, and authenticated QR validation ensure data integrity and prevent fraudulent usage. The proposed solution enhances transparency, efficiency, and accountability in public transport management while reducing manual workload and operational errors. By integrating mobile applications, cloud-based services, and automated analytics, the system provides a scalable and reliable digital infrastructure for effective implementation of the Mahalakshmi Scheme and serves as a model for smart governance in public transportation systems

"This conceptual paper positions Social Design as a comprehensive framework to overcome the limitations of technocentric urban models, particularly the erosion of social cohesion within dwellings and settlements. It integrates theories of well-being, resilience, commons, participation, relational space, reputation, and social capital into a systemic approach aimed at fostering collective well-being and community resilience. Drawing on reflexive inputs accumulated through applied research in a Prop-Tech real estate context, the paper advances two interrelated methodological frameworks. The first, Social Design for Value and Reputation, elucidates how participatory engagement and shared values generate symbolic capital and socio-cultural legitimacy. The second, Digital and Service Acceleration, illustrates how service systems and digital infrastructures can act as catalysts of positive social dynamics—such as neighbourliness, well-being, and local economic vitality. The paper offers theoretically grounded reflections and a preliminary methodological articulation that demonstrate how Social Design can serve as a repeatable and participatory grammar for systemic value creation through communities, placing relational, behavioural, and social dynamics at the centre of the design process. Although the paper provides no empirical data, its propositions emerge from practice. They may inform policymakers, urban designers, and community practitioners seeking strategic approaches to urban governance where well-being, reputation, social cohesion, and legitimacy are at stake. As a conceptual contribution, its scientific impact is limited to theoretical elaboration, highlighting the need for future research to empirically test and operationalise these frameworks across diverse urban and cultural contexts, and to develop methods for measuring relational impacts. By synthesising multiple theoretical strands, the paper contributes an integrative and original perspective to ongoing debates on urban well-being, resilience, and reputation."

Telemedicine is increasingly playing a vital role in European health systems, offering great potential for improving healthcare access and outcomes. Funded between September 2022 and December 2024, the Joint Action 'Strengthening eHealth including telemedicine and remote monitoring for health care systems for CANcer prevention and care' (eCAN JA) provided evidence-base for person-centred implementation of telemedicine services among cancer patients in the European Union (EU). Through a mixed-method approach, this foresight study gathered insights from key decision-makers in 14 EU Member States and eight cancer patient associations via two surveys and a joint workshop, conducted within the Sustainability Work Package (WP4) of the eCAN JA. Our results show that EU Member States and cancer patients view telemedicine as a useful and complementary tool, however, not as a replacement for in-person services for cancer care. The policy recommendations from our study can be summarised as follows: (i) develop legal frameworks to complement in-person care with telemedicine; (ii) improve digital literacy and information technology infrastructure while ensuring privacy and health equity; and (iii) engage patients in the co-design of telemedicine services. Implementing these recommendations will enhance the integration of telemedicine into cancer care in Europe.

A comprehensive two-year initiative transformed digital self-servicing capabilities at a major United States insurance organization through the implementation of a unified API-first infrastructure combined with strategic artificial intelligence deployment. The progression from disparate legacy architectures exhibiting inconsistent customer interaction points culminated in the establishment of a high-performance intelligent digital servicing infrastructure serving millions of policyholders. Core emphasis centered on constructing contemporary microservices and API infrastructure capable of synthesizing multiple foundational legacy platforms while delivering rapid response characteristics and standardizing servicing experiences across web, mobile, and partner channels. The infrastructure became the operational automation foundation, facilitating AI-driven analytical capabilities, document intelligence processing, and personalized servicing workflows. Measurable advancement in customer experience metrics, engineering velocity indicators, and operational efficiency parameters resulted, establishing groundwork for intelligent predictive insurance servicing powered by machine learning technologies. This article analyzes architectural determinations, implementation sequences, and quantifiable results of enterprise-wide transformation, providing perspectives for organizations pursuing comparable modernization initiatives.

The “twin transition”, the coupled pursuit of decarbonisation and digitalisation, has become a dominant policy and investment frame, yet its household-level consequences remain underspecified, particularly in clean-cooking programmes increasingly governed through digital payment rails, platform service systems, and data-driven targeting. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Kigali, this study indicates that digitalisation is not a neutral enabler of clean cooking; it reshapes the practical conditions under which clean energy options become usable, trustworthy, and socially legitimate. Households considering LPG, electricity, and efficient appliances weigh not only price and thermal performance but also digitally produced frictions and risks, including the ability to transact via mobile money at mealtime, the cadence of PAYG repayments, the evidentiary demands and responsiveness of platform-mediated customer care, and the clarity of datafied eligibility rules. These conditions are unevenly distributed within households and often operate as gendered constraints on autonomy, while prepaid visibility can heighten the reputational costs of service interruption when systems fail mid-cook. The paper advances a practice-based account of the twin transition by showing how digital infrastructures shape clean-cooking trajectories through access preconditions, platform-mediated accountability, prepaid visibility that moralises interruption, and inclusion–surveillance trade-offs. The findings suggest that equitable program design requires reducing procedural burden, treating customer care as core infrastructure, minimising mid-cook failure, and evaluating transitions based on cooking sequences and reliability rather than device ownership or connection metrics.

ABSTRACT As the energy transition accelerates, scholars have proposed different ways that geoeconomic power may shift towards actors with clean energy resources and production capacities. This paper suggests that in addition to the physical components of energy infrastructures, the digital infrastructures underpinning them are an important and under-researched source of power – and a potential new site of geoeconomic struggles. The winners of energy transitions may therefore be Big Tech firms, which increasingly own and operate the cloud infrastructures upon which cleaner systems rely. Based on a dataset of 500 relationships between Google, Amazon and Microsoft (GAM) and energy-related actors, I show that digital dependencies of cleaner energy actors on GAM are growing. GAM are positioned as central actors in the energy transition, raising the question of whether they will supplant states in this realm. Thinking infrastructurally reveals that clouds enhance digital dependencies, redistributing geoeconomic power towards monopolistic tech firms.

This study examines the relationship between leadership distance and employee engagement and the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS) in contemporary work settings. The rise of remote, hybrid, and digitally mediated work has increased physical, social, and psychological leadership distance, raising concerns about its impact on employee engagement. Using a conceptual literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2024, this paper integrates Social Exchange Theory, Leader–Member Exchange, and the Job Demands–Resources model to explain these dynamics. The findings suggest that greater leadership distance weakens trust and relational connection, leading to lower employee engagement, while POS mitigates these negative effects by enhancing employees’ sense of support and value. The study highlights the importance of strong organizational support systems, such as transparent communication and supportive digital infrastructures, to sustain engagement in distant and hybrid leadership contexts.

This study examines how the implementation of Management Information Systems (MIS) influences employee performance effectiveness at South Tangerang Regional Public Hospital during Indonesia’s public hospital digital transformation from 2023 to 2025. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document analysis involving administrative staff, medical personnel, IT officers, and managers. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings indicate that MIS implementation improves performance effectiveness by accelerating administrative processes, enhancing data accuracy, and strengthening interdepartmental coordination, although challenges remain in digital literacy and infrastructure reliability. These results highlight the importance of organizational commitment and capacity development for sustainable hospital digital transformation.