Digital Background Research Articles

A fast-convergence, tree-structured, fully-parallel digital background timing mismatch calibration method for four-channel TIADC based on perfect reconstruction filter bank

This paper presents a fully-digital background timing mismatch calibration method for four-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC). Based on three improved dual-channel perfect reconstruction filter banks (PRFBs), the proposed method for correcting timing mismatch adopts the tree-structured four-channel PRFB. Unlike the direct four-channel PRFB, the improved structure utilizes fewer filter taps to achieve higher filter performance, making it suitable for real-time background calibration. Furthermore, timing mismatch is estimated by performing correlation calculations on the outputs of sub-channels with the variable step-size least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, being approximately eight times faster than the fixed step-size LMS algorithm. Our method verified by a 12-bit 3 GS/s TIADC test platform indicates that the spurs caused by the timing mismatch for single-tone and multi-tone signals can be effectively suppressed, close to 35 and 40 dB, respectively. The evaluation results on the Xilinx Vertix-7 VC707 platform indicate that the proposed method reduces FPGA hardware resources consumption by nearly 40% compared to the foreground pre-calibration method.

Digital Background Calibration Techniques for 2GS/s 12bit Time-Interleaved Pipelined ADC

This paper presents digital background(BG) calibration techniques which are utilized to correct both inter-stage gain error (IGE) and inter-channel mismatches in a 12-bit 2GS/s 4-channel time-interleaved pipeline ADC. The inter-stage gain is mitigated by Least Mean Square (LMS) based calibration with a proposed Pseudo Noise (PN) codes injected into 1.5bit MDAC stages, which has neither input amplitude limitation nor comparator requirement. The inter-channel offset and gain mismatches are eliminated by Modified Moving Average (MMA) and LMS –based calibrations respectively. The inter-channel sampling time mismatch is estimated by correlation function and compensated by digital-controlled delay line. Simulation results in 40nm CMOS show that the presented calibration techniques improve the 2GS/s TI ADC SNDR from 46.2138dB to 6761.49dB 35dB and SFDR from 50.8150.09dB to 82.3574.04dB with a Nyquist input, consuming only 23.3mW power in a 184um*183um area.

Will ChatGPT Make Education more Equitable in Developing Countries?

Under the present digital background, digital technology such as ChatGPT has become an important support and an essential tool in improving education equality. However, improving the level of education in developing countries and narrowing the gap in current education resources using digital method have become an urgent problem that need to be solved. Therefore, this essay first discusses what education equity in developing countries is facing right now. Secondly, it analyzes the potential effects of ChatGPT. And finally, it conducts some ways to effectively use ChatGPT to reduce the education gap between developed countries and developing countries. In order to enrich the theoretical foundation of ChatGPT's practices of promoting the development of education equity, and guide the implementations of fair and quality education.

An improved wide-range, low-complexity, fully-parallel digital background timing mismatch calibration method for dual-channel TIADC based on perfect reconstruction filter bank

This paper presents a fully-digital background calibration method for calibrating timing mismatch in dual-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC). The proposed method estimates timing mismatch by performing correlation calculations on the outputs of sub-channels and corrects this mismatch using the improved perfect reconstruction filter bank (PRFB). The PRFB, which is improved by employing a polynomial fitting method, offers superior performance with fewer filter taps and extends the timing mismatch correction capability to almost the entire sampling clock cycle. The improved PRFB uses only one twentieth of the taps used in the original PRFB, and its dual-channel FIR filters have anti-symmetric taps. To enhance the real-time calibration capability of the system, this paper gives a fully-parallel hardware structure for calibrating offset, gain, bandwidth, and timing mismatches. The effectiveness of the proposed hardware structure is verified through a 10-bit 3GS/s dual-channel TIADC test platform. Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed calibration method significantly improves the signal-to-noise-and-distortion (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of both single-tone and multi-tone input signals, which makes the proposed method a viable solution for practical TIADC applications.

Exploring the path of development of international trade of agricultural products in the context of digitalization

Abstract Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy, and Chinese agriculture in the digital background should realize the intelligent management of agricultural production To improve the efficiency of international trade of Chinese agricultural products and help Chinese agricultural products occupy a larger share in the international market, this paper takes the clustering algorithm and agricultural IoT technology as the research method applies the improved spectral clustering algorithm for processing agricultural data to extract research data and perform data correction, simulates and evaluates the performance of the algorithm through agricultural IoT data pooling and simulation analysis, and uses the chance routing performance index as the main judgment The variance results are derived from the criteria. The data show that the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery has developed qualitatively in the digital background, and the total output value reached 122,874.96 billion yuan in 2021, and the total grain production reached 73,000,000 tons in 2021, with obvious export advantages. The export value of agricultural products has grown from $48.98 billion in 2010 to $85.06 billion in 2021, and the export value of China’s agricultural products exceeded $70 billion in 2014, making China’s international trade in agricultural products fruitful. Based on this, this paper explores the multifaceted achievements and future development path of international trade in agricultural products in the context of digitalization, intending to contribute its share to China’s international trade in agricultural products.

Research on the coordinated development of cross-border e-commerce and logistics under the background of big data

Abstract Cross-border electronic platform trade is an important embodiment of the digitalization of international trade, with much attention and response to national policies. This is a global business activity in which traders from different countries negotiate and conclude deals online, and the flow of goods is realized through international transportation. Taking the effectiveness of the coordinated development of cross-border trade and international transportation as the direction of exploration, we study the development mechanism of the harmonious, proper coordination, and virtuous cycle of both from the digital background. According to the established model assumptions, based on the principles of science, objectivity, operability, and representativeness, the evaluation system of coordinated development level is constructed, and the subsystem sequential covariate efficacy function and the composite system coordination degree are calculated. From the results of correlation and coordination degree analysis, it shows that the total volume of transactions in this form of trade grows from $1.4 trillion in 2013 to $8.7 trillion in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 32%. The orderliness of the cross-border logistics subsystem keeps increasing between 2013 and 2020, and the growth rate reached an average of 15.84 %/year. On the whole, the orderliness of each of the two subsystems steadily increases year by year. The resulting coordinated development trend of electronic trade between countries and international transportation coincides with the electronic trade between countries stepping into a brand-new development period, which is sufficient to verify the science and reasonableness of the evaluation system.

Coordinated development of international e-business and international express under the digital background

Abstract The current global consumer market is developing in the direction of digitalization, and international e-business incorporation also has to face the proposition of digitalization and make adjustments in international express. The orderliness of the two subsystems of international e-business and international express in China has been growing year by year, while the synergy of the composite system has been relatively low and belongs to a low degree of coordination. This paper takes international e-business and international express as the research objects, uses composite system theory and synergy theory, measures the synergy between international e-business and international express nationwide by establishing a composite system synergy evaluation index system, and analyzes the reasons for the lack of synergy between the two, and puts forward countermeasure suggestions to realize the synergistic development of the two, which is of great significance to innovate the operation mode of international express, build an integrated e-business platform, and promote the coordinated development of international e-business and international express in China.

A Novel Fully Digital Feedforward Background Calibration Technique for Timing Mismatch in M-Channel Time-Interleaved ADCs

This paper presents a novel digital background calibration technique for timing mismatches in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (TIADCs). We reconstruct and eliminate the timing mismatch based on the theory of timing-mismatch-induced spurious signals in the frequency domain. The proposed compensation algorithm utilizes the conjugate property between spurious signals to achieve low complexity. A coarse-fine correction architecture is adopted to eliminate higher-order time-skew errors. A novel feedforward estimation algorithm based on the correlation of adjacent channels is proposed to extract the time-skew errors. Our proposed calibration technique is suitable for an arbitrary number of channels. The simulation results demonstrate that the utilization of the proposed calibration technique yields significant improvements in both the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). The SNDR and SFDR are improved from 55.82 dB and 56.64 dB to 79.92 dB and 105.98 dB, respectively.

LMS-based digital background mismatch calibration technique for SAR ADC

This paper proposes a digital background calibration technique based on the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm to suppress non-linearity in the SAR ADC. The calibration scheme does not significantly increase the complexity or scale of analog circuits. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration scheme, we conducted 200-run Monte-Carlo simulations of a multi-segmented 20-bit SAR ADC using MATLAB. The simulation results demonstrate that the average values of SFDR and THD significantly improve from 60.9 dB and −59.2 dB–130 dB and −129.5 dB, respectively, under 1% capacitor mismatch. It is indicated that the proposed calibration scheme can significantly enhance the linearity of the SAR ADC.

Does enterprise digital transformation contribute to the carbon emission reduction? Micro-level evidence from China

Energy saving, emission reduction and low carbon development are the key contents to promote sustainable development in the world, which are also important paths to achieve China's "dual carbon" target on schedule. Especially in the wave of digital economy, the optimization of production mode brought about by the enterprise digital transformation is becoming an important driving force to reduce carbon emission intensity of enterprises. Based on the text analysis of 2012–2020 annual reports of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies, we measure the level of enterprise digital transformation, and then empirically investigate the impact of enterprise digital transformation on carbon emission intensity and the mechanisms. We find that enterprise digital transformation can significantly reduce the carbon emission intensity by improving their ability of technological innovation, internal control and environmental information disclosure. And the results are robust after a series of robustness tests such as eliminating the endogeneity bias, replacing variables and limiting samples. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis show that digital transformation has a stronger effect on the enterprises which located in the regions with strong intellectual property protection and the capital intensive enterprises, but there is no heterogeneity in the types of enterprises, in the intensity of environmental regulation of enterprises and in the information infrastructure construction of enterprises. Under the background of digitization, this paper discusses the path choices for enterprises to reduce carbon emissions, which provides references for enterprises to grasp the opportunities in the new tide of scientific and technological revolution and green economic transition.

The theoretical framework of enterprise digital innovation: insights from a qualitative meta-analysis

PurposeThis study aims to excavate the external and internal driving factors of enterprise digital innovation and further condense the function mechanisms and response actions of the innovation process as well as the final innovation outcomes to propose the theoretical framework of enterprise digital innovation with the logic thread of “innovation motivation–innovation process–innovation result”.Design/methodology/approachBased on the digital background and integrating previous case studies on enterprise digital innovation, this study uses qualitative meta-analysis to explore the motivations of enterprise digital innovation, the function mechanisms and response actions of innovation process as well as the innovation outcomes.FindingsThis study finds that digitally transformed enterprises driven by external environmental factors and internal organizational factors follow the logic of adaptive and open innovation, and finally accomplish the digital innovation results of products, services, processes, business models, technology and social responsibility through the response actions of adaptation and interaction mechanisms.Originality/valueIn the digital economy era, digital innovation has become the key strategic choice for enterprise transformation, upgrading and innovation. Why and how enterprises realize digital innovation with the help of emerging digital technology remain to be explored. This study has important theoretical significance and practical value for the digital innovation and transformation of enterprises under the digital background.

Measuring the Level of Responsible Consumption Influenced by the Digital Environment: A Case Study of University of Barcelona and Bielefeld University Students

The problem of consumerism is very relevant in the global context, as it is directly linked to the deteriorating ecological situation. Since the physical and digital environments are closely linked, the authors try to explore their interdependence in the context of responsible consumption. This research aimed to construct a tool for a comparative assessment of responsible consumption within physical and digital environments. Based on deep theoretical analysis, the authors developed the methodology of measuring the level of responsible consumption represented by the following categories: food, waste, transport, clothing, energy and water consumption, and active participation. According to this analytical system, a survey was developed and conducted among students at the University of Barcelona and the University of Bielefeld, and the results were transformed into a fuzzy-multiple model. In the digital environment analysis, the authors used an algorithm for assessing the relative presence of certain tonal and content-thematic components in the digital background of the subject under study through using the Python 3 programming language. The algorithm was tested for the assessment of the level of responsible consumption among members of two social network student communities, represented by the official accounts of the University of Barcelona and the University of Bielefeld on Instagram. The correlation between the indicators of the physical and digital environment was proved as a result of comparative analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposed methodology, which aims to conduct a comparative analysis of responsible consumption in the physical and digital environments, while using valid but different indicators to assess consumer behavior in each of the environments. The practical implementation of the study is that the proposed methodology allows universities to investigate how their students adhere to responsible consumption and to what extent the topic of responsible consumption is expressed in informational accounts of universities and, in accordance with this, to develop measures to influence both of these parameters.

Development and Pilot Testing of Telesimulation for Pediatric Feeding: A Feasibility Study.

Simulation enables learners to practice new skills in a supportive environment. Largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, simulation via telepractice, i.e., telesimulation, has emerged. Viable delivery of telesimulation requires consideration of the adaptations needed to conduct simulation via telepractice. The aim of this study was to design and pilot test the feasibility of using telesimulation to provide training in infant feeding management. An iterative process was used across four phases: (1) simulation design, (2) telesimulation adaptations, (3) user testing, feedback, and modifications, and (4) user testing of modified simulation, feedback, and final modifications. During Phases 1 and 2, team members worked together to design and test telepractice adaptations for a simulation experience. During Phases 3 and 4, the telesimulation was pilot tested with a group of speech pathologists, with feedback sought via open-ended survey questions and/or an optional focus group. Manifest content analysis was used to interpret user feedback. In Phase 2, several adaptations were explored to optimize telesimulation delivery and engagement, including Zoom® functions (e.g., 'spotlighting,' digital backgrounds) and supplementary video/auditory files. There were 11 participants across Phases 3 and 4. Specific feedback centered around simulation preparation and structure, session practicalities, supports for realism, Zoom® functions, group dynamics, participants' experiences, and future enhancements. An overall list of recommendations for telesimulation was generated. Telesimulation for feeding management was considered feasible and participant feedback was favorable. Further research is required to investigate if the learner outcomes of telesimulation are comparable to in-person simulation for infant feeding management.

Research on the Educational Resource Sharing in Application-oriented University under the Background of Digitization

Research on the Educational Resource Sharing in Application-oriented University under the Background of Digitization

Retracted: Visual Resolve of Modern Educational Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence under the Digital Background.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/1924138.].

数字化背景下环境气象业务转型调研及发展思路

数字化背景下环境气象业务转型调研及发展思路

Innovative Research on Intersubjective Trust in Ideological and Political Education for College Students in the Digital Background

Innovative Research on Intersubjective Trust in Ideological and Political Education for College Students in the Digital Background

The Development Strategy and Enlightenment of Education Technology in the UK under the Digital Background——Interpretation and Analysis Based on the Future Opportunities of Educational Technology

Education holds an important position in the future development strategy of the UK. With the continuous development and maturity of global digital technology, its application in education has become more widespread, providing rich resources and diverse avenues for learning. This article analyzes the future development direction and path of educational technology proposed by the UK in the "Future Opportunities for Educational Technology" proposed in 2022, mainly focusing on analyzing the current situation of educational technology development in the UK, determining future development goals, and future development paths. Referring to the goals and strategies of promoting the development of educational technology in the UK, the development of digital technology in education in China should promote coordinated development among various departments; Pay attention to bridging the digital divide, enhancing digital inclusiveness, and enhancing teachers' digital skills.

Digital Background Compensation of Analog Impairments in Jointly Frequency-Time Interleaved DACs

Digital Background Compensation of Analog Impairments in Jointly Frequency-Time Interleaved DACs

A moodle course to substitute resuscitation teaching in a medical curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective pilot study.

Face-to-face medical education was restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to alternative teaching methods. Moodle® (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) - an online course format - has not yet been sufficiently evaluated for its feasibility and effectiveness in teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Medical students in the eighth semester took part in a Moodle® course teaching basic life support, the ABCDE-approach, airway management, and advanced life support. The content was presented using digital background information and interactive videos. A multiple-choice test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the course. Subjective ratings were included as well. Out of 594 students, who were enrolled in the online course, 531 could be included in this study. The median percentage of correctly answered multiple-choice test questions increased after completing the course [78.9%, interquartile range (IQR) 69.3-86.8 vs. 97.4%, IQR 92.1-100, p < 0.001]. There was no gender difference in the median percentage of correctly answered questions before (female: 79.8%, IQR 70.2-86.8, male: 78.1%, IQR 68.4-86.8, p = 0.412) or after (female: 97.4%, IQR 92.1-100, male: 96.5%, IQR 92.6-100, p = 0.233) the course. On a 5-point Likert scale, 78.7% of students self-reported ≥4 when asked for a subjective increase in knowledge. Noteworthy, on a 10-point Likert scale, male students self-reported their higher confidence in performing CPR [female 6 (5-7), male 7 (6-8), p < 0.001]. The Moodle® course led to a significant increase in theoretical knowledge. It proved to be a feasible substitute for face-to-face courses - both objectively and subjectively.