We examine whether a digital web application for elementary-school children can increase children’s interest in STEM, with a focus on closing the gender gap. Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) coupled with experimental lab and survey data, we analyze the effect of the digital intervention and shed light on potential behavioral mechanisms. Unlike previous studies focusing on gender differences in STEM abilities , especially in math, this study investigates the gender gap in STEM interests and their determinants and malleability. We demonstrate that girls have lower STEM interests than boys. Our intervention increases girls’ interest in STEM, consequently narrowing the gender gap by approximately 20%. Our findings suggest that STEM interests are indeed malleable and that an easy-to-implement digital intervention can promote gender equality among young children.

Review on digital twin applications in medical particle accelerators

Digital competency is increasingly vital for students in today’s technology-driven world. Despite efforts to enhance digital skills in education, measuring students’ attitudes toward digital competency remains a challenge, especially in developing contexts like Malaysia. This paper develops and validates the upper secondary students’ attitudes towards digital competency instrument (USSADCI) in Malaysia, providing a psychometrically reliable and valid tool specifically designed while addressing a gap in previous research. Using the Rasch measurement model (RMM), the USSADCI measures constructs such as digital technology application, problem-solving, interpersonal skills, data and information literacy, content creation, digital security, and digital citizenship. A survey method was employed, collecting 47 feedback from students in the urban secondary schools and 43 feedback from the rural secondary schools in the State of Perak. The analysis found that the reliability of the item was 0.96 with a separating index of 4.77. While the respondent’s reliability was 0.92 with a separating index of 3.42. The 14 items were removed due to misfit, resulting in a final 42-item instrument. The study concludes that USSADCI is a robust tool for measuring digital competence attitudes in secondary education. Future research should expand its use to other regions and demographics, exploring the longitudinal impact of digital competence attitudes on students’ academic performance and digital readiness.

• Innovative Fractional Ownership Framework: The Fractional Digital Asset Ownership (FDAO) model uses fractional NFTs (FNFTs) to facilitate the co-ownership of digital assets, focusing on software code. • Addressing Ownership Management Challenges: Building on FNFT and blockchain technology, this study proposes an intelligent solution for fractional digital asset ownership that ensures the accurate tracking of ownership rights through the integration of FNFTs with blockchain technology. • Practical Prototype Development: This study demonstrates the FDAO framework’s capability to securely and transparently manage handling digital asset transactions using FNFTs and smart contracts implemented through Remix and OpenZeppelin. • Empirical Evaluation of FNFT Application: This research examines the effectiveness of FNFT frameworks in supporting fractional ownership, highlighting their potential for real-world digital asset applications. • Market Accessibility and Inclusivity: By enabling fractional ownership, the FDAO model increases accessibility to digital assets and supports ownership democratisation. • Identification of Limitations and Future Directions: The study discusses the challenges related to regulatory compliance, scalability, and costs associated with FNFTs and other blockchain platforms and outlines compliance strategies that may support a broad range of applications. A new generation of digital assets is being managed using blockchain technology and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), which introduce novel opportunities for verifying ownership rights and establishing provenance. This paper presents an innovative framework called Fractional Digital Asset Ownership (FDAO), which aims to create NFTs for digital artifacts, such as software code, and extend their functionality through fractionalized NFTs (FNFT). Leveraging the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, FDAO enables effective co-ownership tracking across the lifecycle of digital assets, providing a structured and efficient mechanism for defining and managing co-ownership. A system prototype has been developed and tested in an integrated development environment (IDE) using decentralised applications (DApps) and smart contracts. Unlike existing NFT-based models, FDAO incorporates an intelligent, automated fractionalization and verification mechanism that combines the ERC-1155 and ERC-20 standards to enhance co-ownership management and scalability. This integration addresses the critical challenges related to transparency, security, and lifecycle management in digital asset co-ownership. The prototype, implemented using Remix and OpenZeppelin, demonstrates how FDAO enables secure, transparent, and efficient transfer and management of digital assets. By integrating FNFT functionality with smart contracts, the framework provides a robust, scalable, and intelligent method for managing digital assets. It also maintains transparency and trust throughout the asset lifecycle.

The construction industry faces persistent challenges across all project lifecycle phases, emphasizing the need for innovative management solutions. Digital twin (DT) technology, a core component of Industry 5.0, offers transformative potential by seamlessly integrating physical and digital systems for enhanced construction project management. This study presents a systematic literature review of 395 publications to evaluate the historical development, current applications, and challenges of DT in construction. Employing advanced analytical methods such as formal concept analysis, network tree visualization, and R-based text mining, this research comprehensively synthesizes DT’s role across preconstruction, construction, and postconstruction phases to lead its adoption of Industry 5.0. Findings highlight DT’s capabilities in improving project planning, real-time monitoring, and maintenance while addressing ongoing adoption barriers, including data interoperability, economic constraints, and regulatory compliance. By bridging gaps between theory and practice, this study provides actionable insights for practitioners and a foundational roadmap for future research in smart digital sustainability construction project management.

Real-time thermal evaluation on three-phase enclosure gas insulated bus by PSO-PINN approach

MAFNet: A multi-modal adaptive fusion network-based approach for individual building extraction from oblique photogrammetry

We present a newly developed integrated high-speed balanced photodetector (BPD) with a 3 dB bandwidth of 150 GHz and a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of -30 dB, along with its demonstration for high-speed DPSK signal detection targeting next-generation high-baud-rate digital coherent receiver applications. The BPD design employs a uni-traveling carrier (UTC) PD with a well-optimized epitaxial layer structure and a narrow-pitch layout for the two PDs. Using high-speed DPSK signals, we successfully demonstrated fundamental push–pull operation up to 100 Gbaud. The device design, fabrication, and measured characteristics of the BPD are discussed in conjunction with the signal detection demonstration.

This paper presents a dataset collected through a visitor questionnaire survey conducted at the Archaeological Site of Ancient Dodona, Greece, a large-scale, spatially complex open-air archaeological site. The dataset documents visitors’ experiences, perceptions, and information needs, as well as their attitudes toward the use of digital technologies for heritage interpretation and engagement. The questionnaire was administered in printed form to adult visitors at the entrance and exit of the archaeological site. A total of 99 valid responses were collected. The dataset includes information on visitor demographics, visit characteristics, perceptions of existing interpretive material, spatial behavior within the site, and attitudes toward digital applications such as augmented reality, digital storytelling, and interactive tools. All data are fully anonymized and contain no personally identifiable or sensitive information. The dataset supports research in the fields of visitor studies, cultural heritage interpretation, digital heritage, and cultural tourism, and may be reused for comparative studies or for the design and evaluation of digital mediation applications in archaeological contexts. The dataset enables cross-tabulation analyses exploring associations between visitor characteristics and attitudes toward digital mediation, thereby supporting visitor segmentation and the evidence-based development of digital interpretation strategies in archaeological contexts.

This article addresses how the relationship between connectivity and temporality influences construction innovation processes. It draws on a process study of a construction company in which central-level managers initiated the development of a new quality system and related project procedures based on digital technologies. The aim was to ensure consistency and improve overall construction performance across projects. The initiative revealed tensions between differing and conflicting temporalities (e.g., horizon, orientation, pace, and sequencing) of the central organization and projects, highlighting disconnectivity. Although the centrally led initiative failed, a project-led initiative that adopted a digital application for quality checks and on-site registration ultimately contributed to achieving the initial aim. Analysis of this process forms the basis for a model that conceptualizes how temporal differences reflect the state of connectivity in an organization, and how momentum for innovation emerges when the organization reaches a state of “requisite (dis)connectivity.” The findings show that digital technologies can enhance connectivity by aligning temporalities and reducing temporal tensions between actants across organizational levels, thereby enabling innovation. This study contributes to the construction management literature by conceptualizing how connectivity and temporality shape one another and by outlining the implications of this relationship for construction innovation processes.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer face complex decisions about family building, often compounded by misconceptions about hereditary cancer risk. Although guidelines recommend early discussion of fertility- and genetics-related risks, these topics are inconsistently integrated into routine care. To address this gap, we developed Reproductive Education and Fertility Links for Cancer Treatment (REFLECT), a digital health application designed to provide education and decision support related to fertility, genetic risk, and future family building for AYAs with cancer. This study developed and pilot-tested REFLECT to support informed decision-making. REFLECT was developed using evidence-based content and implemented on a web-based platform integrating multimedia education and decision support. Two iterative rounds of user testing were conducted with AYA survivors (ages 18-39) using a Learner Verification framework to assess comprehension, usability, relevance, and acceptability. Participant feedback informed iterative refinements. Participants (N = 16) reported that REFLECT was engaging, easy to navigate, and relevant to fertility, genetics, and future family-building concerns. Iterative testing identified opportunities to improve navigation, accessibility, and content organization, which were addressed through refinement. Participants reported increased confidence in discussing fertility preservation and genetic risk with providers and emphasized the value of an integrated patient-centered tool, particularly at the time of diagnosis. This pilot demonstrates that REFLECT is feasible, acceptable, and usable among AYAs. By integrating fertility and genetic risk education with decision support in an accessible digital format, REFLECT addresses a critical gap in AYA oncology care. These findings support further evaluation in clinical settings.

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of the development of digital marketing in the tourism industry, in particular in terms of determining the role of digital platforms and social networks in the organization and planning of tourist trips. The article analyzes the impact of important aspects of digital marketing, which are especially useful for tourism companies, such as online behavior of tourists, targeting, social networks and remarketing. The author characterizes the impact of digital platforms on tourist expectations and analyzes effective approaches to the development and implementation of the idea of digital marketing for the tourism industry, namely the sources of information that tourists use when choosing trips. It is studied that the use of digital marketing tools, including social networks (SMM); blogs, online forums; video advertising; search engine marketing (SEM); search engine optimization (SEO); digital content marketing; e-mail marketing; press releases in online media; mobile applications; digital applications make it possible to form personalized recommendations for tourists in organizing and planning trips. TikTok promotion has been found to be the most effective way to promote travel destinations, but you should also leverage other social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and even LinkedIn to connect with your target audience. Each digital platform offers unique opportunities to engage with different audience segments and showcase a specific travel brand.Trends in the length of stay of tourists in the most popular geographical destinations in Europe, in particular in individual preferences, were identified using modern digital applications such as Travel Ads, which combines the model of traveler behavior with catalogs of flights, hotels and tourist destinations, which allows you to automatically create personalized videos and optimize their display to increase the number of bookings for tourists. The use of such digital marketing tools in the tourism industry allows you to identify individual preferences of consumers of tourist services and offer optimized routes, which increases the quality and uniqueness of the tourist experience. It was found that using the right tools, you can attract traffic and form customer loyalty. As a result of the study, it was determined that the use of such digital innovations will allow tourism companies to work more closely with the demand for a tourist product or service and significantly reduce advertising costs.

The surge in the volume and complexity of user-generated content (UGC) and data on digital tourism platforms has raise both opportunities and challenges for its automated analysis. Advanced topic modeling techniques are now necessitated to cater the variety, dynamism, and multifaceted nature of this data, yet their application in digital tourism encounters unique challenges. This study comprehensively reviews prominent and emerging topic models from the categories of probabilistic models, matrix factorization-based models, and neural embedding-based models, describing their systemic architectures and operational mechanisms. In the application context of digital tourism, the study follows an experimental evaluation of the models’ performance on five datasets, across multiple coherence and diversity parameters. Results do not reveal optimality of a single model universally; rather, a model’s effectiveness depends on size and structure characteristics of the data as extensively analyzed in this article. Additionally, the study presents quantitative and qualitative findings, implicit shortcomings along with conclusive deductions, digital tourism application related open issues of topic models, followed by future directions of research. Received: 1 October 2024 | Revised: 27 March 2025 | Accepted: 10 September 2025 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data used in this study includes public and private datasets. The public datasets, Tourpedia and 20 Newsgroups, are available in Tourpedia datasets at http://tour-pedia.org/about/datasets.html and in scikit-learn real world datasets at https://scikit-learn.org/stable/datasets/real_world.html, respectively. Other datasets used in this study are not available to share publicly Author Contribution Statement Maryam Kamal: Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Gianfranco Romani: Methodology, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Giuseppe Ricciuti: Funding acquisition. Aris Anagnostopoulos: Conceptualization, Methodology. Ioannis Chatzigiannakis: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.

Higher education institutions are undergoing significant educational changes alongside the digital transformation. Digital technology encompasses a range of tools selected for integration into formal university teaching environments and used by students to promote more effective learning. Technological advancements have permeated higher education institutions, forcing them to embrace digital technology in every aspect of their infrastructure that benefits their learning ecosystem, from student research to faculty teaching. In this context, the selection of a university teaching model in general, and specifically for finance and banking, to adapt to this digital transformation remains a top priority. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the key characteristics of digital technology-based teaching models in finance and banking higher education institutions. From there, it is possible to develop these digital technology application models into a part of the modern university teaching ecosystem for finance and banking in Vietnam.

The transformation of anatomic pathology from microscope-based practice to digital and computational workflows has created unprecedented opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven diagnostics. Whole slide imaging systems, digital cytology, and enterprise pathology platforms now enable large-scale image analysis, quantitative tissue characterization, and integration with molecular and clinical data. In parallel, advances in machine and deep learning, and generative models have produced AI systems capable of tumor detection, grading, prognostication, biomarker assessment, and molecular inference directly from routine histologic and cytologic slides. Despite this rapid progress, translation of AI from research environments into routine clinical anatomic pathology remains limited. Barriers include data heterogeneity and limited generalizability, challenges in validation and regulatory compliance, infrastructure and interoperability constraints, workflow integration difficulties, and concerns regarding transparency, accountability, and professional trust. This review synthesizes current evidence on digital pathology and AI applications across surgical pathology and cytopathology, examines the technical, organizational, and regulatory factors that impede clinical adoption, and outlines practical recommendations for developing clinically deployable AI systems. Addressing these challenges through robust digital infrastructure, representative data sets, rigorous validation, and coordinated governance will be essential for realizing the full clinical potential of AI in anatomic pathology.

Recently, more and more digital twin technologies are getting attention in managing and operating urban metros. The fact that integrating time-monitor data like a metro digital twin right now has chances to improve its operation and dependability. This essay is mostly about the applications of digital twins for the metro system: infrastructure monitoring and operation management. Digital twin, at the infrastructure level, can be utilized in observing the structure inside the metro tunnel to see if there is a dangerous situation. For example, a swelling on Earth. After applying our collected data to a predictive analysis, this will offer us an early warning and allow preventive maintenance. In terms of operation, a digital twin system would help people to monitor the operation of metro network, which means smoother passenger flow. Although the metro system's digital twin technology has great benefits, problems like data integration, reliability of the whole system and its security still need to be solved. More studies and practices need to take place to make sure that digital twin tech is employed safely and correctly on future metros.

With the development of society and the accelerated pace of life, emotional health problems such as anxiety and stress have become increasingly prominent, and digital healing applications have emerged as the times require. However, the current mainstream digital healing products are mostly rooted in the framework of Western psychology and cultural context, and there are problems of design homogeneity and insufficient cultural adaptability. It is difficult to effectively stimulate the deep feelings of local users, especially groups with strong regional cultural identity. Emotional resonance and willingness to use for a long time. This study aims to explore a design methodology that deeply integrates regional culture into digital healing products through design practice. Taking Chongqing regional culture as the starting point of design, the design practice of "Foghaven" APP from concept to prototype has been carried out, and a A complete set of healing APP design schemes with Chongqing regional culture as the core has been produced to prove the feasibility of transforming regional natural landscapes and humanistic spirit into digital chemotherapy and healing experience, and to provide personalized digital mental health for specific cultural groups. The design of intervention schemes provides a new idea that can be used for reference.

Advances in Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning have enabled the development of cost-effective systems for real-time air quality monitoring in livestock environments. In this study, a low-cost Internet of IoT based device that can be used for air quality monitoring and evaluation in dairy barns was developed. Various machine learning algorithms were used to model the sensor data. The BME 680 air quality sensor data were collected in the ThingSpeak cloud database, and subsequent analysis was conducted. The performance of Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gradient Boosting (GB), k-nearest neighbors (KNNs), Decision Trees (DTs), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) algorithms was tested. The RF and GB algorithms yielded the best results in estimating air quality index values. However, it was stated that the performance of the ANN algorithm should be re-evaluated using large-volume datasets. In addition, it was emphasized that incorporating additional environmental parameters could improve the system’s performance. As a result, it was shown that low-cost digital agricultural applications can be developed using the capabilities of current technology.

This paper describes a set of pedagogical approaches to teaching human anatomy that incorporate elements of both classical theoretical instruction and innovative teaching methods. Educational technologies and the implementation of academic programs across many disciplines are undergoing unprecedented changes, particularly within traditional forms of education in the Kyrgyz Republic. Meanwhile, the foundation for teaching human anatomy remains a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach (utilizing atlases, anatomical preparations, lectures, and seminars), the unity of structure and function, the study of all human body systems through integration with biology and physiology, as well as the active use of interactive resources, flashcards, and digital applications.

The research aims to: Identification of "the degree of digital leadership practice of high school principals in their teaching staff from the point of view of sports education teachers in the city of Mosul. The descriptive curriculum was used in the survey method and included the overall research sample 235 Teachers of Sports Education for Boys' High Schools" in the Nineveh Governorate Education Directorate in Mosul City, and for data acquisition and measurement of digital leadership of high school principals in Mosul City, the researcher used the previously prepared Digital Driving Scale ( Saleh, 2022) including five dimensions (persuasion, knowledge, digital competence, digital strategy planning, discrimination in professional practice) After its adaptation has been applied after the availability of scientific requirements in it of sincerity and consistency, the data has been treated statistically through The researcher reached "several conclusions, namely, that secondary school principals in Mosul generally possess a high level of digital leadership among their teaching staff from the perspective of physical education teachers. In addition, secondary school principals are distinguished among their teaching staff and possess a very high level of digita"l leadership from the perspective of physical education teachers in its dimensions (persuasion and knowledge). He also recommended the necessity of strengthening the role of secondary school principals in Mosul to continuously progress and give "continuously by participating in educational and developmental courses on digital applications and ways to use them in the educational process for all teachers and employees in general. In addition, a similar study should be conducted on digital leadership on other samples such as youth and sports directors, heads of sports" federations, heads of scientific departments, or directors of other sports institutions from the perspective of their members