Diffusion Theory Research Articles

A comparative analysis of responses to the COVID-19 tourism disruptions among small, medium and micro enterprises in coastal locations: Case studies of Cape Town and Durban, South Africa

ABSTRACT Tourism businesses at coastal locations contribute to job creation and local economic development. There is limited research on COVID-19 and Coastal and Marine Tourism (CMT) Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) that adopts a comparative approach. The stakeholder theory and diffusion theory frame the research. In total, 446 surveys were conducted with SMMEs at purposively selected coastal tourism locations in Cape Town (219) and Durban (227), key CMT destinations in South Africa, enabling a comparative analysis to be undertaken using descriptive (frequency and percentages) and inferential (chi-squared tests) statistics. The primary findings indicate significant differences in the profiles and COVID-19 responses of SMMEs, with Cape Town SMMEs adopting more strategies. SMMEs adopted diverse tools and measures to deal with the pandemic. The study recommends that interventions need to consider locality-specific aspects and funding and training should be provided to better position tourism SMMEs to be resilient in a world where disruptions are likely to be experienced more regularly.

Implementasi Inovasi Program Multiple Intelligences Research (MIR) di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi Ponorogo

The educational tendency in Indonesia to equalize intelligence standards between students through formal tests can kill students' potential intelligence, interests and talents. Minimal awareness of the concept of multiple intelligences (multiple intelligences) educational institutions in Indonesia need more innovative solutions so that efforts to improve the quality of education can be more optimized. The MIR program innovation initiated by Munif Chatib is the right solution so that the concept of different student intelligence can be understood and appreciated as a basis for determining methods and styles in learning activities. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research with a case study type of research (case study). The data collection technique used is an in-depth interview (indepth interview), participatory observation and documentation processed using Miles, Huberman and Saldana's interactive model data analysis technique which consists of four stages in the form of data collection, data condensation, data presentation and data verification. The location of this research was carried out at SD Immersion Ponorogo as a school with branding inclusion. This research aims to analyze the process of spreading MIR program innovation so that it can become a new breakthrough in the world of education to better appreciate and develop students' various intelligences. The research results show that the process of spreading innovation is carried out in line with Everett M Roger's theory of innovation diffusion which consists of innovation, communication channels, time period and social systems as an effective and efficient dissemination strategy. The MIR program is used as a reference for teachers in determining students' learning styles and models at Immersion Elementary School according to their multiple intelligences more effectively and efficiently. The learning styles used include: storry telling, brainstorming, tape recording, journal writing, fieldtrip, and project based learning.

Board Characteristics and Quality of Integrated Reporting of Firms Listed Nairobi Securities Exchange

Companies that opt for integrated reporting are in a favorable position to enhance a range of benefits,whether internal or external in nature. It encompasses improvements in resource allocation, shareholderengagement, and reputation. On the other hand, external advantages pertain to investors who rely ongovernance disclosure, as well as compliance with regulations, frameworks, standards, and guidelines setby stock exchanges. The expansion and adoption of integrated reporting are broadening its scope, with anincreasing number of companies showing willingness to adopt this approach. The diffusion and adoptionof reporting practices stem from diffusion theory, which has evolved from institutional theory,encompassing institutional factors that influence organizational behavior. The positive and statisticallysignificant relationships between board characteristics highlight how crucial it is for publicly tradedcorporations to work to improve the independence of their boards of directors while also includingmembers with financial expertise to facilitate the disclosure of both financial and non‐financial information.The findings are significant especially in the implementation of board decisions, strategic planning, and inmanaging corporate governance attributes in the attempts to enhance information disclosure through theimplementation of integrated reporting.

TRANSFORMING LOCAL ECONOMIES THROUGH WOMEN-LED MICRO ENTERPRISES IN VIKSIT BHARAT

This study examines the function of Local Self-Government Institutions (LSGIs) in facilitating forward-thinking micro-enterprises managed by women to stimulate local development. This study analyses the adoption and diffusion of innovations among these firms using the framework of Innovation Diffusion Theory. To evaluate the influence of LSGI efforts on women's entrepreneurship and community development, a conventional theme analysis is performed, which specifically examines personal, production, money, labour, marketing issues, and innovation potential. The Innovation Diffusion theory is a significant and influential factor in the growth of enterprises and the societal welfare of women. The results illustrate the substantial influence of Kudumbashree WME on the process of societal change, by promoting the advancement of local women and thereby contributing to the well-being of Kerala. The study confirms the practical significance of Innovation Diffusion in empowering micro-organisations led by women with the assistance of Local Self-Government Institutions (LSGIs).

Analysis of Shopee Pay Digital Payment Adoption in Jakarta with Innovation Diffusion Theory

The increase in internet users has significantly impacted people's behaviour patterns in making payment transactions from offline to online. One of the dominating online or digital payment systems with a large number of e-wallet users and frequency is Shopee Pay. The dominance of this application, which quickly outperforms its competitors, is inseparable from its users' good acceptance of something new. Technological diffusion theory explained how an innovation is adopted over time by examining the decision to adopt the process. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the factors affecting Shopee Pay services adoption in Jakarta.Data were collected from 100 Shopee Pay users in Jakarta. The descriptive statistics and statistical data analysis using Smart PLS software were carried out for outer and inner model analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that Relative Advantage, Observability and Perceived Risk significantly affect adoption. In contrast, Compatibility, Complexity, and Trialability have an insignificant effect on adoption. Number of respondent, coverage area of the survey and period of research. Future research is expected to be able to use other models besides the Diffusion of Innovation Theory to better identify other additional factors capable of affecting the adoption of Shopee Pay digital payment services and Shopee Pay digital payment is recommended to offer services that are more compatible with various lifestyle needs and beliefs to meet the expectations of current users. This survey has difference with previous research because of adoption level of digital payment specifically focus on Shopee Pay then using Innovation Diffusion Theory as model of research.

Pemanfaatan Big Data oleh Petani Milenial Kota Bandung: Tinjauan Teori Difusi Inovasi

Utilization of Big Data in agricultural practices has become a crucial topic, particularly for millennial farmers in Bandung City. Modern agriculture requires swift and precise access to information to enhance efficiency and productivity. This research aims to explore how the utilization of Big Data influences millennial agricultural practices in Bandung City and to provide recommendations for improving its usage in the agricultural sector. The study employs a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and participatory observation of active millennial farmers in Bandung City. The analysis reveals that the adoption of Big Data, viewed through the lens of Innovation Diffusion Theory, strengthens communication among farmers, facilitates the formation of cooperatives based on available data, expedites decision-making processes, and aids in optimizing resource utilization. Strengthening technological infrastructure, enhancing training and education, providing financial support, fostering partnerships, and advocating supportive policies can enhance the utilization of Big Data, thus positively impacting millennial agriculture in Bandung City.

The process of sucrose crystallization in the supersaturated solution

Crystallization processes of the solid phase in supersaturated solutions of products of plant origin are used in processing technologies. The theory of diffusion (molecular) mass transfer of the target substance has become widespread when solving problems of technology improvement. The driving force of this process is the difference in the concentration of the solid phase in the solution towards the crystallization center, where the concentration of the solid phase is reduced. During the analytical and quantitative study of the process of solid phase deposition in the crystallization center, Fick's diffusion laws have been used. The influence of solution temperature, concentration of the solid phase, its geometry and dispersed composition on the course of this process have been considered. Based on a diffusion model of the process of crystal formation of sucrose in a vacuum apparatus, a numerical analysis of factors in sugar production technology not covered in the literature has been presented. The problem of quantitative analysis of the process of sucrose crystallization in the working volume of a vacuum apparatus for the production of sugar and other products of plant origin of high commercial standards requires further in-depth study.

Martingale solutions to stochastic nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard- Navier–Stokes systems with singular potentials driven by multiplicative noise of jump type

Abstract In the diffuse interface theory, the motion of two incompressible viscous fluids and the evolution of their interface are described by the well-known model H. The model consists of the Navier–Stokes equations, nonlinearly coupled with a convective Cahn–Hilliard type equation. Here we consider a stochastic version of the model driven by a noise of Lévy type, and where the standard Cahn–Hilliard equation is replaced by its nonlocal version with a singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential. The case of smooth potentials with arbitrary polynomial growth has been already analyzed in [G. Deugoué, A. Ndongmo Ngana and T. Tachim Medjo, Martingale solutions to stochastic nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations with multiplicative noise of jump type, Phys. D 398 2019, 23–68]. Taking advantage of this previous result, we investigate this more challenging and physically relevant case. Global existence of a martingale solution is proved with no-slip and no-flux boundary conditions in both 2D and 3D bounded domains. In the two-dimensional case, we prove the uniqueness of weak solutions when the viscosity is constant.

The Social Media Marketing Mix Trends in Indonesia for 2024: Communication Perspective

Background: 86% of marketers believe social media marketing mix trends have influenced their profits. This condition significantly changes the business world and offers integrated marketing communications strategy options.This is a qualitative research in the interpretive paradigm. Using netnography or virtual ethnography or digital ethnography methods, this research attempts to explore and analyze the complex meaning of Indonesia's latest social media statistical data, compiled from We Are Social and The Global Statistics. We support data from Pew Research Center, Statista, Deloitte, Forbes, Insider Intelligence, Forrester, LinkedIn, GlobalWebIndex, CMO Survey, and the FGD (Focus Group Discussion) method. The analytical tools used are Computer-Mediated Communication Theory, Everett Rogers' Theory of Diffusion of Innovation, etc. In 2024, the social media marketing mix (SMMM) will be dominated by Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) including Generative A.I. and ChatGPT technology, as well as creative content that is entertaining and capable of attracting various kinds of people, and creates social polemics too. The principle, "Give what they want, take what you need," is used to get support from Gen Z and Millennials. This principle is needed to build trust and loyalty. Many companies will carry out promotions focusing only on social media platforms that provide benefits, and social media trends in Indonesia include Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and Twitter. The promotional message will consist of product quality, price, and comfort. These three aspects will also be communicated extensively using A.I. technology and ChatGPT.

Modelling User Behavior Towards Smartphones and Wearable Technologies

The study employs bibliometric and content analysis to assess the current status of applying technology adoption models (such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT)) to the smartphone market, which also encompasses smart wearables. Hereby, the author aims to explore the relationship between smartphone usage and adoption models and contribute to the literature through current trends and methodologies. To achieve the goal, the author applied a two-stage approach. In the first stage, 213 articles were analyzed using citation and bibliographic coupling tools in VOS viewer (version 1.6.20). The papers were selected from the Scopus database, and the search was conducted in the fields of economics, business, and computer technologies. In the second stage, the author conducted a brief literature review of the most influential papers. The results illustrate the situation regarding the implementation of various models in the case of smartphone adoption. Content analyses of the most influential papers were conducted to elucidate and enhance the findings of bibliometric analyses, identify research gaps, and guide future research development.

Bahasa Tolaki di Kalangan Anak Remaja dalam Kehidupan sehari-hari di Desa Totombe Jaya

This study aims to determine the influence and causes of the Fading of the Use of Tolaki Language Among Adolescent Children in Sampara District in Konawe Regency. The selection of informants in this study used purposive techniques. This research uses Bronislaw Malinowski's Cultural Diffusion theory (1944) The data collection technique used in this research is a field work technique using observation and in-depth interviews. This research is qualitative research with ethnographic research methods. The results of this study show that: First, several things make teenagers there cannot speak Tolaki, namely because of several external and internal factors. The internal factor is the family. While external factors are school and friends. Second, due to habits from childhood, they are not taught from childhood, making it difficult for them to know their local language. This makes the teenagers there no longer use Tolaki regional language anymore but to the general language of Indonesian.

The sine and cosine diffusive representations for the Caputo fractional derivative

In recent years, various types of methods have been proposed to approximate the Caputo fractional derivative numerically. A common challenge of the methods is the non-local property of the Caputo fractional derivative which leads to the slow and memory consuming methods. Diffusive representation of fractional derivative is an efficient tool to overcome the mentioned challenge. This paper presents two new diffusive representations to approximate the Caputo fractional derivative of order 0<α<1. An error analysis of the newly presented methods together with some numerical examples is provided at the end.

Time-dependent gas dynamic diffusion process in shale matrix: model development and numerical analysis

Gas diffusion is a pivotal process during shale gas recovery, which is determined by diffusion coefficient to a large extent. In previous studies, the gas diffusion coefficient is generally assumed as a constant. However, increasing experiments prove that the diffusion coefficient of shale gas is strongly time-dependent. Therefore, to perfect the theory of shale gas diffusion, this paper proposes a time-dependent diffusion model for shale gas, which incorporates time-dependent gas diffusion coefficient, composing of the bulk diffusion coefficient for free gas in organic and inorganic pores, as well as the surface diffusion coefficient for adsorbed gas in organic pores. To validate the accuracy of the new theory, we calibrate the theoretical results against experimental data, and the results show that they have strong correlation, and the time-dependent diffusion model is superior to classical model. Finally, the numerical analysis of gas dynamic diffusion process in shale matrix is conducted. The results show that at the end of diffusion, a large amounts of shale gas remain trapped in the matrix core due to the attenuation of gas diffusion coefficient. In addition, neglecting the time-dependent nature of gas diffusion in shale matrix leads to a significant overestimation of gas production.

Navigating the Digital Terrain: Exploring Post-Covid-19 Technology Adoption Dynamics in Nigeria

By investigating the complex effects of technology adoption in Nigeria and offering insight into the dynamic interactions between societal, economic, and technological factors as the global community navigates the post-pandemic era, this study seeks to address significant effects regarding Nigeria's post-COVID-19 technology landscape. The study employed the comprehensive framework, which merged the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Structuration Theory as a result of the coherence technology adoption model. The cross-sectional survey design gathered primary data through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select and analyse 1040 respondents from nine different sectors of the Nigerian economy. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) v25 was utilised for data screening and descriptive statistics, while, SmartPLS v4.0.9.5 was employed to calculate the inferential statistics. Based on the findings from different sectors within the population under investigation, it is clear that all exogenous variables affect the adoption of the technology. The study recommended that local community involvement in technology adoption, legalisation of cutting-edge sectorial compliance, and the use of computer-based evaluation systems for assessment and instructions across educational sectors should be prioritised by the public and corporate bodies.

Umu-Ada (Ama’oma-Ada) women institution in Igala and Igbo Nsukka communities: a comparative socio-cultural analysis

ABSTRACT While many studies have been devoted to interrogating the political history of the centralized Igala society and the enormous influence of the Atta and Achadu institutions on the Igbo polity and economy, little scholarly attention has been paid to analyzing, in reverse order, the influence of Igbo culture on the Igala society. Despite the precarious placement of women in traditional Igala-Igbo Nsukka borderland, the Umu-ada (women) institution represents one of the means through which women organize and assert power while promoting collective peace, security, development and socio-cultural transformation. We argue that the diffusion and adaptation of Umuada heritage in this region is traceable to geography, the influence of inter-ethnic marriage, trade, burial and funeral rites. The similarities and differences in organization and impact of this women institution in both Igbo Nsukka and Igala communities are appraised to show the preponderance of cultural dispersals in contemporary Nigeria. This paper relied on the use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through oral interviews with aged Umuada (women) members of Igbo Nsukka-Igala communities including men. Oral data were intermeshed with secondary literature, especially published books and journal articles. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed using the cultural diffusion theory.

In quest of perceived transaction cost’s impact on fintech users’ intention: the moderating role of situational factors

Studies show that Pakistan has made significant advancements in financial technology. However, the costs that prevent a client from using fintech are still unclear. This study aims to analyze the perceived transaction cost-related factors that affect their intention to fintech while having the moderating effects of situational factors. The data collected from an online questionnaire was used to test a structural equation model with Smart PLS 3 analysis. The survey included a two-part form with five-point Likert scales, receiving 276 replies from diverse backgrounds during a three-month online survey. This paper, which is based on Transaction Cost Economics, Innovation Diffusion Theory, and Belk’s Theory, hypothesizes that five antecedents influence consumers’ perceived transaction cost (PTC) of fintech, including dependability (β = −0.223), uncertainty (β = 0.204), asset specificity (β = 0.203), convenience (β = −0.186), complexity (β = 0.181). The intention of consumers to use fintech for online shopping or service utilization is negatively correlated with PTC. When acting as a moderator, situational factors such as the pandemic and impending police, and environmental and physical surroundings are found to be necessary. Customers have difficulty connecting specific reasons for not utilizing fintech to financial concerns. A negative association exists between perceived transaction cost and intention to use fintech. It is discovered that environmental and physical surroundings entirely counteract perceived transaction costs’ detrimental effects on intention to use.

Enhancing education quality: Exploring teachers' attitudes and intentions towards intelligent MR devices

AbstractThis research paper focuses on the adoption of multi‐perspective theory to study teachers' attitudes and intentions towards using intelligent mixed reality (MR) devices for classroom behaviour analysis. The research model integrates TRI (Technology Readiness Index), IDT (Innovation Diffusion Theory), ECM (Expectation Confirmation Theory) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) model. The variable of insecurity is considered to address the concerns regarding information security in the use of artificial intelligence in education. The study identifies that innovation and relative advantage significantly and positively influence teachers' attitudes towards using intelligent MR devices. PeoU (perceived ease of use), however, does not have a significant impact on attitudes, suggesting that teachers prioritize the benefits of enhancing teaching quality over the complexity of the devices. PU (perceived usefulness) emerges as a key variable for teachers' adoption of intelligent MR devices, prompting the need for attention from designers and manufacturers. Regression analysis reveals that gender does not influence the use of new technology, while teachers with more teaching experience and those working in remote areas express greater receptiveness towards utilizing new technology. The paper recognizes the potential of intelligent teaching devices to address educational challenges and promote equity in remote areas by providing auxiliary tools for teachers to improve teaching efficiency and quality. Teacher training and technical support are emphasized as crucial factors for effective use of artificial intelligence teaching devices.

New ACV variables discovered in the Zwicky Transient Facility survey

The manifestation of surface spots on magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars is most commonly explained by the atomic diffusion theory, which requires a calm stellar atmosphere and only moderate rotation. While very successful and well described, this theory still needs to be revised and fine-tuned to the observations. Our study aims to enlarge the sample of known photometrically variable mCP stars (ACV variables) to pave the way for more robust and significant statistical studies. We derive accurate physical parameters for these objects and discuss our results in the framework of the atomic diffusion theory. We studied 1314 candidate ACV variables that were selected from the Zwicky Transient Factory catalogue of periodic variables based on light curve characteristics. We investigated these objects using photometric criteria, a colour-magnitude diagram, and spectroscopic data from the LAMOST and Gaia missions to confirm their status as ACV variables. We present a sample of 1232 new ACV variables, including information on distance from the Sun, mass, fractional age on the main sequence, fraction of the radius between the zero-age and terminal-age main sequence, and the equatorial velocity and its ratio to the critical velocity. Our results confirm that the employed selection process is highly efficient for detecting ACV variables. We have identified 38 stars with $v_ equ $). This challenges current theories that cannot explain the occurrence of such fast-rotating mCP stars.

What Drives Users’ Removal Behavior of Mobile Apps

ABSTRACT The study examines the determinants of users’ removal behavior of mobile apps from an integrated perspective of the theory of reasoned action, innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model, and perceived risks. The data collected from a sample of 275 valid respondents were used to validate the research model and hypotheses using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that compatibility and perceived ease of use significantly affect removal attitude; removal attitude and performance risk significantly affect removal intention, and removal intention significantly affects removal behavior. This study is a pioneering effort to investigate the determinants of users’ removal behavior of mobile apps. The findings of this study provide several important theoretical and practical implications for how to promote users’ continuous mobile app usage.

Ultrahigh Aspect Ratio Through Glass Vias Perforation Utilizing Selective Laser‐Induced Etching with Nanochannels

At present, perforation of high aspect ratio through glass vias (TGVs) is one of the primary factors limiting the development of glass interposers. Herein, it is based on a large number of experiments, combined with mechanistic analysis, to realize the perforation of ultrahigh/high aspect ratio fused silica TGVs using selective laser‐induced etching. First, the effect of the number of pulses as well as other laser parameters on the etching selectivity is systematically investigated. It is found that the formation of nanochannels in fused silica is crucial in determining the high selectivity. Subsequently, a model based on diffusion theory is proposed to mathematically explain the reasons for the high selectivity generation. Finally, the perforations of TGVs with diameters of 5.4–26.4 μm, aspect ratios of 11.7–61.3, and vertical sidewalls are achieved, at a laser treatment speed of ≈10 000 TGVs per minute. This research can serve as an essential reference for the manufacturing of TGVs with high aspect ratios and glass interposers with high interconnection density.