Layer Diffusion Research Articles

A three-interface random pore model: the reduction of iron oxide in chemical looping and green steel technologies

Accurate modelling of the gaseous reduction of porous iron oxide powders or fines is important in industry for (i) reinventing the carbon intensive production of iron and steel and (ii) chemical looping technologies in the sphere of carbon capture and storage. A new three-interface random pore model is derived and applied to the gaseous reduction of hematite ( Fe 2 O 3 ) to iron (Fe). The structural reaction–diffusion model is able to describe three simultaneously reacting oxide layers, Fe 2 O 3 , magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) and wustite ( Fe w O ). The geometric nature of the model encodes structural information about the particles (porosity, surface area, pore length and size distribution), measured here by experiment. The model is usefully able to separate structural particle properties from individual rates of reaction and product layer diffusion. The results have been compared and fitted to thermogravimetric experiments between 800 – 1000 ∘ C and three CO / CO 2 gas mixtures. Rate constants for each indvidual reaction have been obtained and fit well to Arrhenius plots. The reduction of Fe 2 O 3 – Fe 3 O 4 was controlled by diffusion and reaction kinetics, while the reduction of Fe 3 O 4 – Fe w O and Fe w O –Fe was limited by reaction kinetics. Metallization rates of the iron oxide powders were rapid, showing promise for both hydrogen-based direct reduced iron and chemical looping processes.

Controlled release of fishy odors in soluble dietary fiber/surimi mixture by kinetic analysis of real and simulated systems

This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), temperature and hydrophobicity on the release of fishy compounds from surimi by the preparation of real and simulated systems. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 15 fishy compounds in silver carp surimi, and adding 2 wt% SDF to surimi was found to inhibit the release of 14 fishy compounds by 2.16–43.49%. The simulated release indicated that SDF matrices with different concentrations inhibited the release of fishy compounds by different mechanisms. The resistance to the release of fishy compounds was attributed to viscosity and chemisorption in 2 and 5 wt% SDF matrices, while chemisorption and entanglement network in 8 and 10 wt% SDF matrices. Moreover, high temperature and hydrophobicity of fishy compounds could promote their release by decreasing interfacial mass transfer resistance and H-bond interaction, respectively. Additionally, adding SDF changed the release pathway of fishy compounds in surimi, and they were released through the first pathway consisting of surimi intraparticle diffusion, SDF boundary layer diffusion and gas-liquid interfacial diffusion, or through the second pathway additionally including chemisorption and desorption. This study provides new insights into controlling the release of fishy odors in surimi products.

Sustainable application of coal fly ash: One-step hydrothermal cleaner production of silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer synergistic alumina extraction

Coal fly ash (CFA) is the main solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, a new method for preparing silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer using KOH hydrothermal treatment CFA was proposed to improve its comprehensive utilization rate and reduce its threat to ecological environment security. In this paper, the characteristics of CFA raw material and transformation residue were studied, the agricultural applicability of the process was verified by pakchoi planting experiments, and the effects of the silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer on soil physical-chemical characteristics were investigated. The results show that increasing the leaching temperature and time can improve the extraction rate of alumina from CFA, and the reaction rate is controlled by the mixing of interfacial chemical reaction and solid product layer diffusion. The CFA raw material was hydrothermally leached at 280 g/L K2O 200 °C for 1 h, in which the Al2O3 extraction rate was 27.46%. The main component of the transformation residue was potassium aluminum silicate hydrate, which is the main component of the silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer, and the effective K2O and SiO2 content is 25.07% and 34.56%. The application of CFA residue can effectively improve the fertility and productivity of the soil, providing nutrients for the growth of pakchoi and improving the soil quality. This research provides theoretical guidance for the preparation of silicon-potassium mineral fertilizer using CFA and has the potential for practical production, which is important for the resourceful use of CFA and its application in agriculture.

Precursor decomposition mechanism of In2O3 powder for oxide ceramic targets

In this study, precursor decomposition as well as nucleation and growth processes during the preparation of In2O3 powders via chemical precipitation were investigated. This is to provide guidance for the preparation of high-quality In-based oxide target powders. In-situ phase and microstructure evolution during thermal decomposition of precursors were analyzed. In addition, decomposition behavior of precursors at different heating rates was explored. Results show that amorphous In(OH)3 precursor powder gradually decomposes and transforms into crystalline In2O3 powder during heating process. Its degree of crystallinity increases with the increase in temperature. Fine and homogeneous In2O3 powder with average grain size of 54.46 nm was obtained by holding the powder at 770 °C for 3 h. The decomposition of precursors at any given heating rate can be divided into two stages: (i) dehydration and (ii) nucleation and crystallization. However, higher heating rate clearly results in temperature hysteresis effect, the occurrence of decomposition reaction at higher temperature, and an increase in the maximum reaction rate of decomposition reaction. Moreover, activation energy of thermal decomposition was obtained using model-free transformation method. Decomposition reaction model of In(OH)3 precursor was established using model-fitting method. It was deduced that first-stage reaction mechanism is three-dimensional diffusion. Reaction rate in this stage is controlled by product layer diffusion. Furthermore, second-stage reaction mechanism is random nucleation and subsequent growth. Reaction rate in this stage is controlled by nucleation and growth rates.

Leading edge stabilisation of vertical boundary layer diffusion flames

The leading edge stability of vertical boundary layer diffusion flames established over a 3D-printed porous gas burner is revealed through Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence imaging of the OH radical (OH-PLIF). Flame stability is studied by premixing methane and ethylene with increasing volume fractions of bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br/Halon-1301) to increase the characteristic chemical timescale. Blow-off occurs at 15.7% and 37.3% CF3Br addition for methane and ethylene respectively, which are remarkably large limits compared to other flame configurations. As CF3Br is added, the flame stand-off distance increases and the reaction zone broadens, thereby increasing the flame length. This accelerates the buoyancy-induced flow ahead of the leading edge, promoting O2 entrainment into the flame anchor. Consequently, the radical scavenging effects on the flame anchor reactivity are dampened, resulting in the flame re-anchoring slightly downstream along the plate. Towards extinction, the flame shortens dramatically due to efficient catalytic cycling and radiative quenching at the flame tip resulting from the brominated species and excessive soot formation. This reduces the O2 mass flux into the kinetically dampened flame anchor resulting in blow-off extinction. Therefore, blow-off is controlled by both the leading edge reactivity and trailing edge length. Methane is shown to be considerably more sensitive compared to ethylene to CF3Br owing to its larger flame speed. These results demonstrate that fire-induced buoyancy greatly increases blow-off limits when using chemically active or inert agents in vertical wall fire configurations.

Measuring Thermal Diffusivity of Azoheteroarene Thin Layers by Photothermal Beam Deflection and Photothermal Lens Methods.

Measurement of thermal properties of thin films is challenging. In particular, thermal characterization is very difficult in semi-transparent samples. Here, we use two photothermal methods to obtain information about the thermal diffusivity as well as thermal conductivity of azoheteroarene functionalized polymer thin layers. The photothermal beam deflection (PBD) method is employed to gather data directly on thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, while the thermal lens (TL) method is employed to measure the effective thermal diffusivity. Consequently, the thermal diffusivity of the layers is indirectly estimated from the effective thermal diffusivity using a well-established theoretical relationship. Despite the utilization of distinct methods, our study reveals a remarkable consistency in the highly accurate results obtained from both approaches. This remarkable agreement reaffirms the reliability and mutual compatibility of the employed methods, highlighting their shared ability to provide accurate and congruent outcomes.

In Situ X-ray imaging of HT-PEMFC hot-pressing using contrast enhancement

A contrast enhancement agent is used to visualise phosphoric acid penetration and distribution in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This new method is demonstrated in the investigation of hot-pressing parameters on phosphoric acid penetration and distribution. In situ radiography of the hot-press process showed acid plumes breaking through the catalyst layer, microporous layer (MPL) and gas diffusion layer (GDL). The phosphoric acid volume and distribution within the MPL and GDL are quantified, and their dependence on hot-press pressure, duration and compression control are analysed. Increasing hot-press pressure and duration was found to increase acid penetration and delamination of the membrane and catalyst layers. The absence of a compression control gasket also led to significant infiltration into the MPL and GDL. Penetration occurred first at the anode for all tests, which was attributed to a higher number of cracks and greater degree of crack connectivity. Phosphoric acid entered the MPL and GDL either through initial breakthrough of the catalyst layer, or from acid pooling on the GDL surface and being compressed into the fibres. This work provides a novel method to improve visualisation of phosphoric acid and highlights the acid loss mechanisms resulting from hot-press conditions.

Wet reduction-based fabrication and characterization of a Cu-Pb(MgNb)ZrTiO3 multilayer actuator

Cu–(0.7Pb(Mg0.67Nb0.33)TiO3–0.3Pb(Zr0.48Ti0.52)O3)(PMNZT) multilayer actuators were prepared using a sequence of ceramic layer tape-casting, on-ceramic electrode printing, lamination, co-firing in air, and soaking in aqueous N2H4 at 25–100 °C. The employed wet reduction protocol converted the Cu2O produced in the electrode layers upon co-firing to Cu, while keeping the composition and structure of the PMNZT ceramic layers unaffected. Nano-pores were converted into macro-pores with increasing reduction temperature and time. This reduction process was controlled by the kinetics, which is attributed to the open structure of the electrode resulting from the presence of a sacrificial polymer (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF) particles. This resulted in a short path of hydrogen diffusion in the inner electrode layers. The pore size and population affected the electrical conductivity of the electrode and the performance of the PMNZT ceramics. To address this issue, the sample was immersed in aqueous HSO4 at 60 °C to fill the pores in the electrode layers, thereby mitigating their effect on electrical conductivity. The samples prepared using wet reduction and filling processes exhibited the same piezoelectric properties as the bulk PMNZT sample.

Formation characteristics and properties of an explosion-welded steel–aluminum composite with a diffusion barrier

ABSTRACT This paper presents a study of the formation characteristics and properties of an explosion-welded steel – aluminum composite with a chromium layer diffusion barrier. The identified characteristics of joint formation allowed us to determine the weldability range of the steel – aluminum composite with a diffusion barrier and define the optimal ranges of the explosion welding parameters. The chromium layer thickness, impact velocity, and plastic deformation energy significantly affect the magnitude and characteristics of plastic deformation during explosion welding of the steel – aluminum composite with a diffusion barrier. Thus, the steel – aluminum composite with a diffusion barrier has a higher strength and better quality than the aluminum – steel bimetal.

Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring redox activity are highly appealing for electrocatalytic or charge accumulation applications. An important aspect in this field is the ability to address as many redox centers as possible in the material by an efficient diffusion of charges. Herein, we investigate for the first time the charge diffusion processes occurring upon two sequential one-electron reductions in an MOF thin film. Two pyrazolate-zinc(II)-based MOFs including highly electro-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) ligands were grown on conducting substrates, affording thin films with double n-type electrochromic properties as characterized by spectroelectrochemical analysis. In depth electrochemical and chronoabsorptiometric investigations were carried out to probe the charge diffusion in the MOF layers and highlighted significant differences in terms of diffusion kinetics and material stability between the first and second successive reduction of the redox-active PDI linkers. Our results show that MOFs based on multiredox centers are more sensitive to encumbrance-related issues than their monoredox analogues in the context of electrochemical applications, an observation that further underlines the fundamental aspect of careful pore dimensions toward efficient and fast ion diffusion.

Numerical Simulation of the Cold-Start Process of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell

In this study, the cold-start process of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been numerically investigated under various ambient temperatures and operating currents, ranging from subzero to 283 K. The water desorbed from the electrolyte, when the cell temperature is below the freezing point, is assumed to exist in a state of either supercooled water or ice. The evolution of cell voltage, temperature, membrane water content, and the averaged volume fraction of supercooled water or ice in the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer are presented. The results indicate that the cold-start process may fail due to ice blocking of the cathode catalyst layer when the desorbed water is in the form of ice and the ambient temperature is sufficiently low. However, when the desorbed water is in a supercooled state, it can diffuse from the cathode catalyst layer to the cathode gas diffusion layer, avoiding water clogging and enabling a successful cold-start process. During the cold-start process, as the ice undergoes a melting process, the membrane water content inside the membrane would increase rapidly, and a larger operation current with anode gas humidification is helpful to the cold-start process.

The effect of aluminide coating on the steam oxidation behavior of SS321 steel at 700 °C

Steam oxidation is considered the main attack form involved in the destruction of superheater tubes in the superheater of water-tube boiler. In this work, the effect of an aluminide coating on the way steam reacts with SS321 steel in a superheater was studied. Aluminide coating was done by powder cementation at 800 °C for 7 h and then heat treatment at 900 °C for 1 h. The coating was made with an Al-rich Fe2Al5 phase, with an inner (diffusion) layer of 5 μm and an outer layer of 25 μm. The grains were all the same size, and there were few holes. The samples were subjected to a constant stream of supersaturated water vapor at a temperature of 700 °C. The weight gain of uncoated and coated samples was measured as 1 mg cm−2 and 0.5 mg cm−2 after 20 h, and 2.5 mg cm−2 and 0.7 mg cm−2 after 350 h, respectively. The remarkable weight loss of the coated samples after 20 h and up to 350 h was attributed to the formation of stable Al2O3 oxides. This was although in the uncoated samples, the outer and inner layers of the coating were composed of Fe-rich oxides (magnetite) and Cr-rich oxides (Cr-Fe spinel oxides), respectively. Microstructural studies showed that with the increase in oxidation time, the inner layer (diffusion) increases from 5 μm to 25 μm, which is attributed to the diffusion of substrate particles towards the coating during oxidation.

Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) recovery from synthetic wastewater using biosolids-derived biochar

The nutrient removal in the wastewater treatment plant is a critical step before the treated water is either recycled or discharged into natural water bodies. The current work provides a low-cost and environmentally sustainable nitrogen recovery approach from wastewater using biosolids-derived biochar. The biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of biosolids, was tested for NH4+-N adsorption from a synthetic wastewater sample via a batch adsorption experiment and compared with biomass-derived biochar, cation exchange resin, zeolite, and activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of biochar produced at 500 °C was around 1.8 mg g−1 for an initial NH4+-N concentration of 50 mg L−1, which was half of the cation exchange resin and zeolite given the presence of sulfonate (-SO3H) and -OH groups on their surface to exchange H+ ion with NH4+-N ion. The external surface layer and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-controlling steps of the adsorption process, as reflected in the kinetic modelling results, where a pseudo first-order model could best describe the evolution of adsorption. The presence of active sites with varied affinities towards NH4+-N adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent and the occurrence of multilayer adsorption were implied by the acceptable fitting of isotherm experimental data to Freundlich and Temkin models, respectively. Biosolids-derived biochar may be an attractive adsorbent for ammonium recovery from wastewater in a circular economy concept.

Relevance of diffuse-layer, Stern-layer and interlayers for diffusion in clays: A new model and its application to Na, Sr, and Cs data in bentonite

The diffusive flux of cations is enhanced and that of anions is decreased compared to that of water tracers in bentonite or other clays, as a result of electrostatic interactions between ions and the charged clay surfaces. Clays are often used or foreseen as barriers in waste disposal in order to protect the environment from hazardous materials. A consistent description of diffusion of various ions and uncharged species is important in this context, especially if long-term interactions between clays and other materials shall be predicted by reactive transport simulations. Here, diffusion of a suite of tracers (HTO, Cl, Na, Sr and Cs) in bentonite was investigated. Experimental through-diffusion data at different bentonite dry densities were described with models of increasing complexity. First, ‘standard’ empirical single ion transport models (uncoupled, simple Fickian diffusion) were applied for each density. These models served as reference cases for comparisons. For sorbing tracers (Na, Sr, Cs), surface diffusion models were used in a next step, where average surface mobilities for the cations were determined based on comparisons with transport parameters from HTO diffusion. Finally, a more complex model was developed in order to describe anion and cation diffusion in a coupled way. This model accounts for locally parallel diffusion in different environments, namely in ‘free’ water unaffected by surface charges, in diffuse (Donnan) layer water, within the Stern layer, and within interlayer water (D-S-I model). This coupled model requires additional parameters related to the bentonite microstructure as well as to cation mobilities in the Stern layer and in the interlayer. The latter were taken from literature. Microstructural parameters were constrained in a manner that overall anion exclusion matches anion accessible porosities found by the simple Fickian diffusion model. This was possible with a reasonable choice of microstructure parameters that are consistent with literature values. A good agreement between the experimental data and the simulated cation diffusion coefficients of the D-S-I model was found, using constraints by the HTO and Cl diffusion data. The interlayer pathway was found to be most important for diffusion of Na, Sr and Cs through bentonite. Stern layer diffusion was significant and more important than diffusion through the diffuse layer for Cs and Sr, while for Na the two pathways were of equal importance.

Methylparaben Adsorption onto Activated Carbon and Activated Olive Stones: Comparative Analysis of Efficiency, Equilibrium, Kinetics and Effect of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials Addition

This paper describes a comparative study of the adsorption of methylparaben onto commercial activated carbon and olive stones activated by calcination at 300 °C and treatment with 1 M HCl. The influence of the initial concentration of methylparaben, adsorbent dose, stirring speed and pH on the adsorption capacity of methylparaben on both adsorbents was studied. To find out the isotherm model, the kinetic model and the mechanism that best describe the adsorption process on each adsorbent, the experimental equilibrium data were analyzed using six isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Temkin, Jovanovic and Dubinin–Radushkevich), and the experimental kinetic data were analyzed using four kinetic models (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and Avrami) and two mechanistic models (Weber–Morris and Boyd). For both adsorbents, the Langmuir model best describes the adsorption equilibrium, the kinetics of the process follow a pseudo-first-order model and boundary layer diffusion is the step that mainly controls the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of methylparaben on activated carbon is about four times higher than that of activated olive stones. The addition of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to both adsorbents increases their methylparaben adsorption capacity, to a greater extent in the case of graphene oxide, being that increase more important in activated carbon than in activated olive stones.

Modeling Impacts of Urbanization on Winter Boundary Layer Meteorology and Aerosol Pollution in the Central Liaoning City Cluster, China.

The influence of urbanization on the frequent winter aerosol pollution events in Northeast China is not fully understood. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) coupled with urban canopy (UC) models was used to simulate the impact of urbanization on an aerosol pollution process in the Central Liaoning city cluster (CLCC), China. To investigate the main mechanisms of urban expansion and UC on the winter atmospheric environment and the atmospheric diffusion capacity (ADC) in the CLCC, three simulation cases were designed using land-use datasets from different periods and different UC schemes. A comparative analysis of the simulation results showed that the land-use change (LU) and both LU and UC (LUUC) effects lead to higher surface temperature and lower relative humidity and wind speed in the CLCC by decreasing surface albedo, increasing sensible heat flux, and increasing surface roughness, with a spatial distribution similar to the distribution of LU. The thermal effect leads to an increase in atmospheric instability, an increase in boundary layer height and diffusion coefficient, and an increase in the ADC. The LU and LUUC effects lead to a significant decrease in near-surface PM2.5 concentrations in the CLCC due to changes in meteorological conditions and ADC within the boundary layer. The reduction in surface PM2.5 concentrations due to the LU effect is stronger at night than during daytime, while the LUUC effect leads to a greater reduction in surface PM2.5 concentrations during the day, mainly due to stronger diffusion and dilution caused by the effect of urban turbulence within different levels caused by the more complex UC scheme. In this study, the LU and LUUC effects result in greater thermal than dynamic effects, and both have a negative impact on surface PM2.5 concentrations, but redistribute pollutants from the lower urban troposphere to higher altitudes.

Multiscale stochastic modeling of microporous layers and bi-layer gas diffusion media for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

The microporous layer (MPL) is placed between the catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer (GDL) substrate to enhance mass transport, performance, and durability of fuel cells. Considering the significant experimental challenges in the prototyping and characterization of MPLs, the objective of the present work is to develop a multiscale stochastic modeling framework for MPLs and complete MPL-coated bi-layer GDLs. A comprehensive range of MPLs is considered, including carbon nanoparticle and graphite particle-based materials. Following experimental validation, the modeling framework is applied to simulate the effects of MPL morphology and composition on the salient transport properties of MPLs and full GDLs. The MPL morphology is shown to have a major, controlling influence on the overall GDL properties and can therefore be used as a design strategy for enhanced transport within the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell. Additionally, the validated multiscale modeling approach is reliable and flexible enough to be applied as a virtual design tool for MPL and GDL prototyping assignments to reduce the cost and time of the design cycle.

КВАЗИПЕРИОДИЧЕСКАЯ ЭМИССИЯ ПЫЛЕВОГО АЭРОЗОЛЯ НА ОПУСТЫНЕННОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ

Vertical turbulent and convective fluxes and corresponding velocities of the dust aerosol particle uplift under conditions of quasiperiodic emission have been determined by the measurements of the dust aerosol particle concentrations and the turbulent fluctuations of the wind speed components in a desertified area in the Astrakhan region. It is shown that convective fluxes are caused by the combined action of both regular upward motions (updrafts) in the convective coherent structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and turbulent diffusion. In the surface layer of the atmosphere at heights from 0.3 to 6.0 m, the vertical profiles of the dust aerosol concentration are approximated by power functions. It is demonstrated that the vertical turbulent and convective fluxes of dust aerosol can be estimated by the gradient method using the scales of turbulent and convective vertical motions in the atmospheric boundary layer.

Mechanism of Au nanowire growth by Au evaporation on Si substrates irradiated with Ar ions

This study aims to clarify the mechanism of site-selective Au-nanowire (NW) growth on Si substrates irradiated with Ar ions. Au NWs are grown by Au evaporation at specific regions in the boundary zones between the ion-irradiated and unirradiated areas of Si substrates. The NW growth area are restricted by placing a grid mesh with a certain hole size within the boundary zone to limit the irradiation area. The length and diameter of the NWs can be controlled by controlling the hole size. Cross-sectional microscopic analyses reveal the presence of a thin Si-oxide layer as well as an Au–Si buried layer beneath the NWs. A site-selective Au NW growth model is developed by modifying the already-existence model. By fitting the Au NW length calculated using our model to the experimental data, the surface diffusion length of Au adatoms (λs) is estimated to be approximately 7 μm, close to the radius of the irradiated area Rw (6 μm). This validates our model that assumes that the NWs are grown at the bottom from the Au adatoms migrating onto the substrate. The Au-NW growth mechanism is discussed along with the role of the oxide layer and surface diffusion of Au adatoms.

Techno-economic assessment of doxycycline recovery using rice straw biochar: A circular economic execution

The non-scientific disposal of antibiotics has resulted in massive contamination of the bioactive molecules in the aquatic ecosystem. The presence of antibiotics in the effluents limits the biodegradation of micropollutants by affecting the micro-ecological balance. Hence this study aims to remove doxycycline antibiotics from wastewater using biochar. Elemental analysis of the biochar revealed C, Si and N as most abundant content while BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous nature of the adsorbent. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed amorphic sp2 carbon dominant structure in the biochar. The adsorption mechanism was predicted, correlating the charge distribution and FTIR analysis. The effects of different process parameters were studied using CCD, ANOVA, and RSM. Moreover, the different kinetic models revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was the best fit and film layer diffusion was the dominant contributor. The isotherm study indicated the high adsorption capacity of the biochar and its non-ionic nature. Thermodynamics study established the spontaneity and exothermic nature. The results suggested no significant change in antibiotic removal efficiency across different system (pond water (97.13%), river water (98.11%), seawater (96.84%), tap water (99.13%), and distilled water (99.74%)). For the desorption of the antibiotic from the biochar surface, 90% ethanol was the most efficient (98.9%), and upon recrystallization by solvent evaporation, 98.7% of the antibiotic of the initial load was recovered. Hence, the implementation of this described process would enable resource recovery along with water treatment, which is not possible with existing approaches. The cost analysis of the whole process revealed that biochar preparation was the bulk expense and the process would be self-sustainable even if the price of the recovered antibiotic would be set at less than half ($41/kg) of the current market price ($94/kg) of the API. Thus, the process endorses a successful circular economy approach toward societal and economic sustainability.