Difficult Moments Research Articles

La idea de revolución en la Pedagogía del Oprimido

Escribo estas líneas atravesada por la tristeza de momentos difíciles que nos impone el orden neoliberal/necrófilo, pero con la alegría que me provoca escribir sobre Pedagogía del Oprimido. Lo hago a partir de una lectura comprometida y rigurosa de la obra. Elijo analizar la idea de “revolución” considerando dos versiones de la obra: Pedagogia do Oprimido (o manuscrito), 2013 y Pedagogía del Oprimido, 1971. Focalizo en su contexto de producción y en la racionalidad revolucionaria presente en el ensayo a partir de: “Primeras Palabras”, “Capítulo 1” y el “Capítulo 4”. Entiendo que estos apartados, condensan las ideas principales del escrito. Indago en estas páginas: ¿A quiénes les escribe Paulo Freire? ¿Cuál es el contexto de producción de la obra? ¿Con quiénes dialoga? ¿Cuáles son sus preocupaciones? ¿Qué lugar ocupa la idea de “revolución” en Pedagogía del Oprimido?

Features and specificity of creating a script for a television documentary drama

The author analyses the specifics of writing a script for a television documentary drama (hereinafter referred to as docudrama), which combines the characteristics of the feature and documentary films. The article points out that many books have been written about the rules of scriptwriting for a feature film. However, there is no literature on the art of scriptwriting for a docudrama despite the fact that there are numerous docudramas being created worldwide. The opinion is given that the mastery of the docudrama scriptwriting is in choosing the most interesting and paradoxical moments in a hero’s life and showing his or her character through the resistance to life challenges: how the hero overcomes them, the motivation behind their actions and why a particular choice is being made. While in feature films the narrative is presented through action and actors’ performances, the article emphasises that docudramas explain the hero’s motivations through an additional figure such as an expert or co­participant in the events. While the difficult moments in the hero’s life and their overcoming are usually depicted through the staged episodes, an exploration into the hero’s character is supported by historical documents, a chronicle or other genuine historical sources. Docudrama is inherently narrative and the author investigates how the best practices of television journalism are used in scriptwriting, in addition to the cinema laws that are used in creating an image. The author explores the methodology of the docudrama scriptwriting in the project “Countdown” (“Vladimir Bokun’s Workshop”,Belarus) as an example.

The influence of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A molecular hypothesis based on carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions

The world is experiencing one of the most difficult moments in history with the COVID-19 pandemic, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus. Virus infectivity is mediated by the binding of Spike transmembrane glycoprotein to specific protein receptors present on cell host surface. Spike is a homotrimer that emerges from the virion, each monomer containing two subunits named S1 and S2, which are related to cell recognition and membrane fusion, respectively. S1 is subdivided in domains S1A (or NTD) and S1B (or RBD), with experimental and in silico studies suggesting that the former binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, such as CD147, whereas the latter binds to ACE2 receptor. Recent findings indicate that the ABO blood system modulates susceptibility and progression of infection, with type-A individuals being more susceptible to infection and/or manifestation of a severe condition. Seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this susceptibility, we carried out an extensive bibliographic survey on the subject. Based on this survey, we hypothesize that the correlation between the ABO blood system and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection can be presumably explained by the modulation of sialic acid-containing receptors distribution on host cell surface induced by ABO antigens through carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions, which could maximize or minimize the virus Spike protein binding to the host cell. This model could explain previous sparse observations on the molecular mechanism of infection and can direct future research to better understand of COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Crônicas sobre a covid-19

Este texto pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos tempos difíceis da pandemia, seja pensando na doença como um risco de interrupção do curso da vida, ou propondo uma revisão da relação com o tempo diante do vírus.

Parents' Stress and Children's Psychological Problems in Families Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.

Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the effect of risk factors associated with the COVID-19 outbreak experience on parents' and children's well-being.Methods: Parents of children aged between 2- and 14-years-old completed an online survey reporting their home environment conditions, any relation they had to the pandemic consequences, their difficulties experienced due to the quarantine, their perception of individual and parent-child dyadic stress, and their children's emotional and behavioral problems.Results: Results showed that the perception of the difficulty of quarantine is a crucial factor that undermines both parents' and children's well-being. Quarantine's impact on children's behavioral and emotional problems is mediated by parent's individual and dyadic stress, with a stronger effect from the latter. Parents who reported more difficulties in dealing with quarantine show more stress. This, in turn, increases the children's problems. Living in a more at-risk area, the quality of the home environment, or the relation they have with the pandemic consequences, do not have an effect on families' well-being.Conclusions: Dealing with quarantine is a particularly stressful experience for parents who must balance personal life, work, and raising children, being left alone without other resources. This situation puts parents at a higher risk of experiencing distress, potentially impairing their ability to be supportive caregivers. The lack of support these children receive in such a difficult moment may be the reason for their more pronounced psychological symptoms. Policies should take into consideration the implications of the lockdown for families' mental health, and supportive interventions for the immediate and for the future should be promoted.

Poesía de puertas para adentro: una reconstrucción de la resistencia

This article attempts a concise tribute to literature, which has accompanied human beings since the beginning of time, transforming life into something much richer, more consistent and everlasting. The energy of poetry merges with historical circumstances and makes the solidarity word emerge in difficult moments, such as the global coronavirus pandemic, which has forced the conversion of faceto- face cultural acts into glimpses manufactured indoors to be projected into the world. Poets do not stop but continue to spread their word as a common support in the face of adversity.

Dlaczego Prymas Wyszyński wszystko postawił na Maryję?

During the last meeting with the General Council of the Episcopate, the Primate left his Marian testament in which he hoped for the Blessed Mother. The most important reason for Cardinal Wyszyński was the statement about Her Begging Omnipotence in defense of her Son who lives in the hearts of people. The Primate left this path to us as a spiritual testament and “last resort” for the most difficult moments in personal, family and national life.

The Significance of Taking Antiretroviral Medications for African-Born People Living with HIV and Residing in Minnesota.

Thanks to the development of antiretroviral (ART) medications, HIV is now a chronic and manageable disease. This study aimed to (1) capture the experiences of African-born persons living with HIV and taking antiretroviral treatment, and (2) explore the impact of social and cultural factors on their decisions to follow the prescribed treatment. For this study, a qualitative approach was used. The participants were recruited via fliers, then screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Recruitment of the participants continued until data saturation occurred. The interview guide was developed based on the extensive literature and recommendations from the clinical team. In-person narrative interviews were conducted with 14 participants—African-born persons living with HIV and residing in Minnesota. Thematic Analysis revealed three emergent themes: “To exist I have to take the medicine”; barriers and facilitators in taking ART medications; and the power of spirituality and prayers. The findings of this study paint a picture of African-born persons living with HIV, and their experiences with ART medications. This study not only presents the participants’ medication experiences and their significance, but also tells their stories of how God and prayers play a significant role in helping them to get through the difficult moments of their lives.

Tensions and Caring in Teacher Education: A Self-Study on Teaching in Difficult Moments

ABSTRACT Teacher educators who seek to advance social justice perspectives and promote equity-oriented dispositions often engage with challenging and controversial issues relevant to schooling, the lives of students, and the work of teachers. Addressing equity issues and controversial topics can be challenging and fraught with tensions for both students and teacher educators. The purpose of this self-study was to gain insight from a critical incident about a class discussion on an issue (i.e., gender normativity in curriculum and classrooms) that occurred in a graduate course for in-service teachers. The critical incident represented a challenging pedagogical moment given diverse perspectives on the issue. The qualitative inquiry was anchored in LaBoskey’s framing elements for self-study. Conceptual frameworks employed in analysis were Berry’s tensions in teacher education and Noddings’s ethic of care. Findings suggest that classroom discussions in moments of tension can be facilitated productively by (a) teacher educators acknowledging that the content under discussion may be of both political and personal relevance; (b) disclosing that the intent of discussions on controversial issues is to share and learn, not indoctrination; and (c) recognizing when continuing a discussion on a controversial issue is pedagogically unproductive. Implications for teaching practice and research are provided.

Competing discourses of power in teachers’ stories of challenging relationships with students

Student–teacher relationships have been largely explored in literature from the perspective of successful relationships, i.e., what constitutes a successful relationship and how teachers build them. However, in moments of student defiance, resistance or pushback, how do teachers react? When teachers recount such moments, is the narrative one describing the teacher’s attempt to maintain authority and order, or do teachers provide a different narrative when recounting how they dealt with these difficult moments with students? This study seeks to identify narratives of power in teachers’ discourse within their stories about challenges in their relationships with students. Challenging relationships among teachers and students can stem from a struggle with power. Findings from the study examine how teachers use discourse to position themselves and their students within structures of power when reflecting on difficult or challenging relationships with students. The stories in this study contain some evidence of students’ resistance in refusing to meet teachers’ expectations or by pushing back on a teacher’s behaviour. Yet, teachers struggled to balance their authority and share power with students to negotiate a solution.

Implementation of psychosocial support project in a pediatric oncology camping program.

e22534 Background: The oncological treatment can generate psychosocial distress for patients and their families. The Beaba Camping aims to educate and empower patients and caregivers through Technology Information and Gamification. In August 2019, in the third edition of the project, a pilot of Psychosocial Support Program was implemented to provide an integrative care to 71 children and adolescents under cancer treatment and 68 caregivers. Methods: Five psychologists, specialized in paediatric psycho oncology and palliative care, were selected to structure the Psychosocial Support Program and conduct interventions during three days of the camping. Based on evidences and experiences, the psychologists divided the interventions in: 1. Individually - children and adolescents. 2. Group - caregivers: 2.1. Belonging: identification and recognition of peers. Identification of psychological distress and similar fears; 2.2. Psychological Group Intervention: creation of groups to facilitate the intervention and bonding; 2.3. Feeling of the Day: expression of which emotion was the most prevalent each day of camping; 2.4. A Word of Support: exchange supportive statements among the peers. Results: 20 children/adolescents and 19 caregivers were attended individually, with demands variating from: Anxiety and sadness; Fear of future and prognosis; Social isolation and adaptation. 68 adults participated in groups that brought discussions involving: Biggest fears and difficult moments of the treatment; Relationship with their children and adolescents; Coping strategies and spirituality. Conclusions: The Psychosocial Support is an important and essential part of the cancer treatment. The Camping with Psychosocial Support Program may enable the demystification of the role of the psychologist, the link between professionals and patients and their caregivers, the binding among peers and the education about how the psychosocial support can be helpful to everyone involved in the treatment. For future improvements, more psychologists will participate in order to attend a larger number of participants and to perform more group interventions, including with children and adolescents.

VIDEO COURSES AS ONE OF THE METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN

Russian is one of the most abundant languages of our time. Currently, more than 200 million people speak Russian. It is also among the ten working languages of the UN. The Russian language is one of the most difficult for foreign students to study, which necessitates a better approach to the educational process. This article discusses the study of the problem of increasing the effectiveness of teaching foreign students the Russian language as a foreign language. A hypothesis is put forward about the auxiliary use of video courses to solve the problem. An analysis is made of several existing video courses available online, showing their diversity in content, approach, and language level. Some typical difficult moments that may arise in students of the Russian language are considered. It is confirmed that the creation of a new video course and the linguistic and methodological foundations of its introduction into the educational process are new and relevant.

Some Problematic Issues When Learning Russian as a Foreign Language

The article discusses the issues of learning Russian by people of other nationalities. The authors describe the difficult moments that students meet while learning Russian. The characteristic of similarities and differences with other languages is given in the paper. The characteristics of writing and reading the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet, phonetics, the case system, aspects of the verb, verbs of movement, etc. are are highlighted in the piece of writing. Keywords: Russian language, alphabet, grammar, noun, phonetics, grammatical rules, aspect (type) of the verb.

THE VISUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE ETHNOCULTURAL COMMUNITIES OF THE NORTH IN THE DOCUMENTARIES (THE FILM OIL FIELD)

The article investigates the one of types of contemporary visual sources in Anthropology - the ethnographic films about the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. The authors focus on the documentary film Oil Field (Oil Field; Ivan Golovnev 2012) that depicts a life of the family Piak in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra. Focusing on the daily life of a Khanty family, authors develop a narrative structure, in which the protagonist Vasilii Piak received an identity and began to command the viewers’ emotions. Particular attention is paid to the visual representation of the traditional forms of economy (reindeer herding) in Khanty and Nenets culture, including the indigenous people’s relation to nature in the North. Authors consider also the interaction between indigenous peoples and oil companies in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The paper states that oil development has become the context of contemporary life among northern minorities. On the one hand, oil companies present an environmental and cultural threat to the indigenous inhabitants. On the other hand, they bring important elements of life to the North: fuel, food, roads, work, a system of benefits and other matters which have become part of the local northern reality. Thus, for many Khanty, oil companies are an important source of family income. This is perhaps one of the most difficult moments in situation of the relations of among contemporary northerners, who have already adapted to this tense but mutually advantageous proximity.

АВТОРИЗАЦИЯ КАК ПРОБЛЕМА ВЫБОРА ПАДЕЖА: СИСТЕМНОСТЬ РУССКОГО СИНТАКСИСА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РКИ

One of the critical and difficult moments in the development of the Russian language by foreigners is the transfer of subjective meanings. The existing terminological and methodological difficulties in studying this issue do not remove the need to teach in the course of Russian language for foreigners means of expressing subjective meanings. The problem is aggravated by the discrepancies between the description of these means in the grammars of the Russian language, including the academic one and the actual functioning. This is most clearly manifested in the functioning of variable prepositional-case forms (for example, вслед чему-либо, кому-либо – вслед зачем-либо, кем-либо, where only the second form can be used in the function of the authorizer: вслед за академиком Виноградовым). The particular difficulty for foreigners is also deanonymization prepositionalcase forms, the paradigm of values which includes the authorization, such as у кого-либо, для кого-либо, and the like. As a result, the elaboration of a system of rules of use and a system of exercises for training the use of means of expression of subjective meanings requires not only methodological but also theoretical justification. We offer such a justification in the form of systematization of these means based on the concept of «authorization» as used in the functional-communicative grammar of G. A. Zolotova, and a typology of syntaxes made in the same concept (free, structurally-driven, connected). The developed system of rules and exercises is implemented in a textbook for Iranian advanced students and tested in teaching in higher educational institutions of Iran. It includes the development of syntagmatic and paradigmatic of substantive and verbal authorization means, differentiation of syntactic synonymy and limitation of syntactic homonymy, considering stylistic parameters. The rules provide the maximum approximation to the living modern use of substantive and verbal authorization means in compliance with the methodological principles of compactness and consistency of the formulation. The exercises require the development of authorization tools in context, so that students confidently include them in any sentence structure. The interrelated development of form, meaning and function corresponds to the trilateral essence of the language sign, which makes the proposed model of training not only methodically effective, but also theoretically solid and modern.

The facilitative interpersonal skills method: Difficult psychotherapy moments and appropriate therapist responsiveness

AbstractThe Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) task is a performance test of therapists’ use of common relational skills (e.g. empathy, building expectations). The FIS method includes (a) materials that simulate difficult client moments on video, which are used to collect therapists’ responses to these situations; and (b) independent ratings of these responses. Many of the FIS items are informed by psychotherapy processes that have been linked to outcome and facilitative conditions that have been reframed as individual therapist skills (e.g. alliance bond capacity). Overall, the FIS has predicted psychotherapy outcome. A single study is described in which FIS predicted the therapist effect using multilevel modelling of a large sample of clients who were nested within therapists. We also summarise two additional outcome studies that used experimental designs. One future direction is to better understand how therapists form responses to these difficult moments. We conclude that forming an optimal therapeutic response during challenging, emergent in‐session situations involves responsiveness (Stiles et al., 1998), or finding a response that fits the clients’ needs within any moment.

Parents and Children Facing the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak imposes to Italian families many changes in their daily life. Mainly, school and other educational services are closed, and everyone, particularly children, is banned to leave homes. The present study aimed to explore the effect of risk factors associated with the pandemic experience on parents and children well-being. Methods: Parents of 2 to14 years old children completed an on-line survey reporting their home environment condition, the contact they had with the pandemic consequences, and the difficulties experienced due to the quarantine. Moreover, they compiled questionnaires evaluating their perception of individual and parent-child dyadic stress, and children emotional and behavioral symptoms. Findings: Results evidenced that the perception of the strain of the quarantine is a crucial factor that undermines both parents and children well-being. Quarantine’s impact on children behavioral and emotional problems is mediated by parent’s individual and dyadic stress with a stronger effect of the latter. Parents who reported more difficulties in dealing with quarantine show more individual and dyadic stress. This, in turn, increases children psychological symptoms. Living in a more at-risk area, the quality of home environment, or being in closer contact with the pandemic consequences, do not have effect on families’ well-being. Interpretation: Dealing with quarantine is a particular stressful experience for parents who have to balance personal life, work, and children upbringing, without other helping sources. This situation puts parents at a higher risk of experiencing distress, potentially impairing their ability to be supportive caregivers. The lack of support these children receive in such a difficult moment may be the reason of their higher psychological symptoms. Policies should take more into consideration the implications of the lockdown for families’ mental health, and supportive intervention for the immediate and the future should be promoted. Funding Statement: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Declaration of Interests: Authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the ethical commitment of the Department and was conducted according to American Psychological Association guidelines in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration.

Lopta i knjiga kao sistem vrednosti - Milovan Jakšić, život i rad

History is not often fair to some personalities who, in their own right, deserve to be recorded in the memory of a people. What would set Milovan Jaksic apart from any other top athlete and his successes is not significant and greater, but the circumstances in which he achieved world-wide fame and the time in which this was achieved deserve to be a reminder to younger generations. The sooner the result, with which he contributed as a part of the collective, to this day has not been surpassed in domestic football. In addition to the sporting success by which he is most recognized, until recently, in recent circles, and for the last ten or so years, work aims to look back on life and work after his sports career. It is related to the interests and aspirations of Jakšić from his boyhood days, and they are related to the book, which is especially significant from the aspect of correlation of sport and education. Also interesting is the human side of the famous goalkeeper, who came to the fore during difficult moments during World War II. Given that we, as a people, are committed to tradition, this work will also look at several major anniversaries associated with this man that are significant to national sports history. In the absence of literature, the paper relies on several monographic publications, as well as on newspaper articles and works of material from the Archives of Yugoslavia.

Остров Норфолк и Австралия: история непростых отношений

This article is about the complicated relations between Norfolk Island located in the South Pacific and Australia that possesses the island as its ‘external territory’. Over the past century Australia and its tiny but strategically important possession have overcome many difficult moments, the most dramatic of which took place in 2015, when the Australian Parliament ended self-government on the island and put Norfolk under the laws of New South Wales thus making it part of Australia.

On Some Applications of Isometricity of Functional Spaces in Applied Mathematics

Problems of computational mathematics are directly connected with an implementation of mathematical models in conditions of limited initial information. This is especially evident when, during modeling, one encounters various idealizations of real processes which in turn forces one to apply discretization for functions of continuous variables, as well as replacing all infinitesimal and infinitely large quantities with some finite quantities. That is why the search for a mathematical description of the model or the choice between several possible ones is the most difficult and crucial moment in modeling, since the model may contain a sufficiently large number of connections, parts, variables and choosing the wrong mathematical description for any of them can yield a full or partial operability of the model as a whole. To describe the interactions one selects a priory known functional dependencies. One of the most interesting problems of computational mathematics that require a delicate approach to choosing both the space in which the problem is solved and its capability to scale up quickly the results from a small number of parameters to a much larger number of them, are exactly the problems of approach-evasion differential games, the problems of escape or evasion from a meeting, the problems of escape from a group of pursuers. In solving these problems and in applying the results to minimize redundancy of calculations, it is certainly important to select appropriately a functional space with possible inherent isometry properties. The choice of such space is a separate task requiring a deep comprehensive study. The spaces of real functions of n + k variables that are isometric to the spaces of real functions defined on the n-dimensional Euclidean space are already studied in detail. In this paper, isometric mappings are considered of the spaces of real functions of n + m variables into the spaces of real functions of n variables that are 2π-periodic in each variable, which in turn will contribute to the study of complex controlled systems, as well as finding an optimal mathematical models for such systems.