Different Types Of Hydrogen Research Articles

Uncovering the Properties of Dicationic Ionic Liquid Nanodroplets through Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The behavior of nanodroplets of an imidazolium-based dicationic ionic liquid, i.e., [C1(mim)2][PF6]2, was investigated in this study using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The vibrational features as well as the structural, interfacial, and dynamical properties of different sized droplets were analyzed and compared to the bulk phase system. Structural properties of the droplets, such as π-π stacking, radial distribution functions, structure factors, combined distribution functions, and angular distribution functions were analyzed to understand the interactions and orientations of their ions. The vibrational features and hydrogen bonding strength of droplets were studied by calculating their infrared (IR) and power spectra, determining the contribution of different types of hydrogen bonding to each vibrational mode. The calculated spectra showed good overall agreement with the experimental results. The interfacial properties of the droplets and the orientation of their ions were analyzed using density profiles and an exposed surface. The results showed that, in all systems studied, cations and anions were equally likely to exist in both inner and outer layers, and the cations tended to be oriented toward the center of droplets with obtuse angles. Additionally, the droplet densities were extrapolated to predict the bulk phase density with less than 2% deviation. The dynamical properties of hydrogen bonds, mean square displacement, and van Hove correlations of cations and anions were also analyzed. The results indicated that there was no regular trend in the dynamic properties of droplets with an increasing system size.

From grey to green and from west to east: The geography and innovation trajectories of hydrogen fuel technologies

Despite the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier, existing studies analysing the recent evolution of this technology are scattered, typically focusing on a specific type of hydrogen technology within a single country or region. In this paper, we adopt a broader perspective, providing an overview of the evolution of knowledge generation across different types of hydrogen fuel, and the leading countries in developing new technologies in this field. Using data from the European Patent Office, we map knowledge generation on hydrogen fuel technologies, exploring its geographic distribution and its link with environmental sustainability. While the United States leads the generation of new knowledge, other Asian and European countries show greater dynamism in growth and specialisation. Our study shows that although hydrogen fuel is considered environmentally friendly, most recent technological developments are still related to fossil energy sources. However, a faster growth rate is observed in the knowledge of hydrogen fuel from renewable sources, pointing to a promising path towards sustainability. Moreover, our analysis of the knowledge interconnection between different hydrogen types suggests that those technologies developed for hydrogen based on fossil energy sources have enabled novel applications based on renewable energies.

Application of the method for visualization of noncovalent interactions in conformational polymorphs of four organic acids.

A method for the visualization of noncovalent interactions using examples of the conformational polymorphs of four organic compounds: 2-(phenylamino)nicotinic, 2-(3-chloro-2-methylphenylamino)nicotinic, N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)anthranilic and 2-(methylphenylamino)nicotinic acids is examined. The changes in noncovalent contacts are plotted against the angle between the planes of aromatic rings allowing a visual representation of conformational adjustment of molecules as well as packing features of crystal structures. According to the k-Φ criterion, the studied structures represent conformational polymorphs. Different types of hydrogen bonding are discussed within the framework of the method of visualization and molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra. Good correlations are found between calculated and experimental data for several cases, such as the agreement between π stacking and polymorphic transition temperatures as well as between the area of a contact and the energy of conjugation. Also, an attempt has been made to assess the relative contributions of conformational and packing polymorphism in the formation of polymorphs.

Study on the Role of Polymers in Preventing the Crystallization of Roxadustat in an Aqueous Environment

The use of polymers is an increasingly common approach to prevent crystallization from the supersaturated solutions for enhanced bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. In this study, roxadustat (RST), a water-insoluble drug, was selected as a model substance. We quantified the effectiveness of three polymers with different types of hydrogen bonding moieties, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), on nuclear inhibition of RST and found that the inhibitory effect was HPMC > PVPVA > PVP. In the absence of polymers, the induction time of RST in the RST supersaturated solution was 1.5 min, while in the presence of HPMC, the induction time of RST was as long as 84.5 min. Simulation by Material Studio suggested that the compatibility and bonding energy between the polymers and RST showed a strongly positive correlation with the effectiveness of polymers. The combined inhibitory effect of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction between RST and polymers were revealed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. Moreover, the obtained amorphous-state RST in RST–polymer amorphous solid dispersions achieved improved solubility than that of crystalline RST, and the dissolved amorphous RST maintained the supersaturation for 6 h in the dissolution test without the decrease in concentration due to nucleation and crystal growth.

Roadmap to Achieving Sustainable Development via Green Hydrogen

The conversion to renewable energy can be achieved when cities and communities start to depend on sustainable resources capable of providing for the basic needs of the community, along with a reduction in the daily problems and issues that people face. These issues, such as poverty, hunger, sanitation, and economic difficulties are highlighted in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to limit and eradicate these problems along with other environmental obstacles including climate change and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). These SDGs, containing 17 goals target each sector and provide propositions to solve such devastating problems. Hydrogen contributes to the targets of these sustainable developments, since through its implementation in different industries the levels of GHG will drop and thus contribute to the climate change which Earth is facing. Further, through the usage of such resources, many job opportunities will also be developed, thus enhancing the economy, and lifting the status of society. This paper classifies the four different types of hydrogen and outlines the differences between them. The paper then emphasizes the importance of green hydrogen use within the shipping industry, transportation, and infrastructure, along with economic and social development through job opportunities. Furthermore, this paper provides case studies tackling green hydrogen status in the United Kingdom, United States of America, and European Union as well as Africa, United Arab of Emirates, and Asia. Finally, challenges and recommendations concerning the green hydrogen industry are addressed. This paper aims to relate the use of green hydrogen to the direct and indirect goals of SDG.

Local intermolecular structure, hydrogen bonding and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture: A density functional theory based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study

The local intermolecular structure and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture at ambient temperature and density conditions have been systematically studied by employing Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Particular attention has been paid to the local structure around the cis- and trans- conformers and the formation and dynamics of hydrogen bonds with their closest neighbors. The calculated atom–atom radial distribution functions are in very good agreement with available experimental data and reveal the existence of different types of hydrogen bonding intermolecular interactions. The average number of hydrogen bonds formed by the cis- conformers is higher in comparison with the one corresponding to the trans- conformers. Moreover, the lifetimes of the hydrogen bonds formed in the liquid are longer when the cis- conformers participate in the bond formation, either as donors or acceptors. These findings clearly indicate that the local structural network around the cis- conformers in the liquid is more cohesive. The latter finding is also reflected in the slower reorientational dynamics of the cis- conformers and the low- and high-frequency region of the spectral densities of the atomic velocity time correlation functions. Finally, the calculated average dipole moments of the trans- and cis- conformers are significantly higher than their corresponding gas-phase values, signifying the importance of polarization effects in this particular polar liquid solvent.

How Green Are the National Hydrogen Strategies?

Since Japan promulgated the world’s first national hydrogen strategy in 2017, 28 national (or regional, in the case of the EU) hydrogen strategies have been issued by major world economies. As carbon emissions vary with different types of hydrogen, and only green hydrogen produced from renewable energy can be zero-emissions fuel, this paper interrogates the commitment of the national hydrogen strategies to achieve decarbonization objectives, focusing on the question “how green are the national hydrogen strategies?” We create a typology of regulatory stringency for green hydrogen in national hydrogen strategies, analyzing the text of these strategies and their supporting policies, and evaluating their regulatory stringency toward decarbonization. Our typology includes four parameters, fossilfuel penalties, hydrogen certifications, innovation enablement, and the temporal dimension of coal phasing out. Following the typology, we categorize the national hydrogen strategies into three groups: zero regulatory stringency, scale first and clean later, and green hydrogen now. We find that most national strategies are of the type “scale first and clean later”, with one or more regulatory measures in place. This article identifies further challenges to enhancing regulatory stringency for green hydrogen at both national and international levels.

Will blue hydrogen lock us into fossil fuels forever?

Will blue hydrogen lock us into fossil fuels forever?

Effectiveness of cell adhesive additives in different supramolecular polymers.

Supramolecular motifs in elastomeric biomaterials facilitate the modular incorporation of additives with corresponding motifs. The influence of the elastomeric supramolecular base polymer on the presentation of additives has been sparsely examined, limiting the knowledge of transferability of effective functionalization between polymers. Here it was investigated if the polymer backbone and the additive influence biomaterial modification in two different types of hydrogen bonding supramolecular systems, that is, based on ureido‐pyrimidinone or bis‐urea units. Two different cell‐adhesive additives, that is, catechol or cyclic RGD, were incorporated into different elastomeric polymers, that is, polycaprolactone, priplast or polycarbonate. The additive effectiveness was evaluated with three different cell types. AFM measurements showed modest alterations on nano‐scale assembly in ureido‐pyrimidinone materials modified with additives. On the contrary, additive addition was highly intrusive in bis‐urea materials. Detailed cell adhesive studies revealed additive effectiveness varied between base polymers and the supramolecular platform, with bis‐urea materials more potently affecting cell behavior. This research highlights that additive transposition might not always be as evident. Therefore, additive effectiveness requires re‐evaluation in supramolecular biomaterials when altering the polymer backbone to suit the biomaterial application.

Molecular dynamics simulation, synthesis and characterization of polyurethane block polymers containing PTHF/PCL mixture as a soft segment

To understand the role of mixed soft segments (PCL/PTHF) on the microphase separation of TPUs, thermodynamic calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experimental approaches were used. With the use of three-component Flory–Huggins model, interaction parameter and solubility parameters, the free energy of mixing of soft segments and hard segment was investigated. MD simulation was also used to evaluate different types of hydrogen bonding and segmental interactions at atomic levels. To this end, the extent of microphase separation (αsep), state of hydrogen bonding, segment melting enthalpies, crystallization process time and temperature, morphology of soft and hard phases and mechanical properties were fully characterized by ATR-FTIR, DSC, TEM, RMS and tensile techniques. Isothermal and non-isothermal examinations have shown that using mixed soft segments accelerates the microphase separation process comparing samples containing one type of polyols. Mechanical properties data showed that using mixed soft segments disallowed early failure and TPU with extreme enhanced elongation at break and toughness could be obtained.

Synthesis and spectral characterization of the first fluorescein-tagged iron(ii) clathrochelates, their supramolecular interactions with globular proteins, and cellular uptake.

A fluorescein-tagged iron(ii) cage complex was obtained in a moderate total yield using a two-step synthetic procedure starting from its propargylamine-containing clathrochelate precursor. An 11-fold decrease in fluorescence quantum yield is observed in passing from the given fluorescein-based dye to its clathrochelate derivative. An excitation energy transfer from the terminal fluorescent group of the macrobicyclic molecule to its quasiaromatic highly π-conjugated clathrochelate framework can explain this effect. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the acetyl groups of acetylated fluorescein azide and its clathrochelate derivative in the presence of one equivalent of BSA evidenced no strong supramolecular host–guest interactions between BSA and the tested compounds. Study of a chemical stability of the deacetylated iron(ii) clathrochelate suggested the formation of a supramolecular 1 : 1 BSA–clathrochelate assembly. Moreover, an addition of BSA or HSA to its solution caused the appearance of strong clathrochelate-based ICD outputs. The fluorescence emission anisotropy studies also evidenced the supramolecular binding of the fluorescein-tagged iron(ii) clathrochelate to the BSA macromolecule, leading to a high increase in this type of anisotropy. Subcellular uptake of the fluorescein-tagged molecules was visualized using fluorescence microscopy and showed its distribution to be mainly in the cytosol without entering the nucleus or accumulating in any other organelle. An X-rayed crystal of the above propargylamide macrobicyclic precursor with a reactive terminal C Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 ]]> C bond contains the clathrochelate molecules of two types, A and B. The encapsulated iron(ii) ion in these molecules is situated in the center of its FeN6-coordination polyhedron, the geometry of which is intermediate between a trigonal prism (TP) and a trigonal antiprism (TAP). The Fe–N distances vary from 1.8754(6) to 1.9286(4) Å and the heights h of their distorted TP–TAP polyhedra are very similar (2.30 and 2.31 Å); their values of φ are equal to 25.3 and 26.6°. In this crystal, the molecules of types A and B participate in different types of hydrogen bonding, giving H-bonded clathrochelate tetramers through their carboxylic and amide groups, respectively; these tetramers are connected to H-bonded chains.

Drug Repurposing Approach against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) through Virtual Screening Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.

Simple SummaryWith the urgent necessity of potential treatment against novel coronavirus disease, we used several computational methods to search for active drugs from an extensive database. The results of our investigation suggested several established drugs that can be subjected to further analysis for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease. Various methods used in this study proved the effectiveness of the retrieved drugs. Therefore, our findings highly recommend the mentioned drugs to be scrutinized to discover drugs against novel coronavirus.Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified from China in December 2019 and spread rapidly through human-to-human transmission, affecting so many people worldwide. Until now, there has been no specific treatment against the disease and repurposing of the drug. Our investigation aimed to screen potential inhibitors against coronavirus for the repurposing of drugs. Our study analyzed sequence comparison among SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV to determine the identity matrix using discovery studio. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was targeted to generate an E-pharmacophore hypothesis to screen drugs from the DrugBank database having similar features. Promising drugs were used for docking-based virtual screening at several precisions. Best hits from virtual screening were subjected to MM/GBSA analysis to evaluate binding free energy, followed by the analysis of binding interactions. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation approaches were carried out to assess the docked complex’s conformational stability. A total of 33 drug classes were found from virtual screening based on their docking scores. Among them, seven potential drugs with several anticancer, antibiotic, and immunometabolic categories were screened and showed promising MM/GBSA scores. During interaction analysis, these drugs exhibited different types of hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with amino acid residue. Besides, 17 experimental drugs selected from virtual screening might be crucial for drug discovery against COVID-19. The RMSD, RMSF, SASA, Rg, and MM/PBSA descriptors from molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the complex’s firm nature. Seven promising drugs for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), namely sapanisertib, ornidazole, napabucasin, lenalidomide, daniquidone, indoximod, and salicylamide, could be vital for the treatment of COVID-19. However, extensive in vivo and in vitro studies are required to evaluate the mentioned drug’s activity.

Developments in the global hydrogen market: The spectrum of hydrogen colours

The fundamental reasons for considering the adoption of hydrogen as a fuel, industrial feedstock and energy storage medium are presented. Hydrogen production methods are outlined, with reference to the colour prefixes used to describe different types of hydrogen. The relative greenhouse gas emissions and economics of green and blue hydrogen production are considered for achieving a ‘net zero’ climate-neutral energy system by 2050. In general, it appears that green hydrogen will soon be cheaper than blue hydrogen due to the falling costs of renewable electricity and electrolysers, then cheaper than grey hydrogen, and in the long term potentially cheaper than natural gas.

In-situ stabilization of silver nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels for enhanced catalytic reduction of macro and micro pollutants

Abstract The in-situ stabilization of Ag nanoparticles is carried out by the use of reducing agent and synthesized three different types of hydrogen (anionic, cationic, and neutral) template. The morphology, constitution and thermal stability of the synthesized pure and Ag-entrapped hybrid hydrogels were efficiently confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The prepared hybrid hydrogels were used in the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and azo dyes congo red (CR), methyl Orange (MO), and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and nitrobenzene (NB) by an electron donor NaBH4. The kinetics of the reduction reaction was also assessed to determine the activation parameters. The hybrid hydrogen catalysts were recovered by filtration and used continuously up to six times with 98% conversion of pollutants without substantial loss in catalytic activity. It was observed that these types of hydrogel systems can be used for the conversion of pollutants from waste water into useful products.

Analysis of supramolecular interactions directing crystal packing of novel mononuclear chloranilate-based complexes: Different types of hydrogen bonding and π-stacking

Three novel mononuclear chloranilate complexes, {[Cu(bpy)(H2O)(C6O4Cl2)]·H2O}6 (2; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), [Cu(bpy)(C6O4Cl2)]·0·5H2O (3) and [(n-Bu)4N][Fe(H2O)2(C6O4Cl2)2]·2H2O (4) have been prepared using building blocks [MIII(C6O4Cl2)3]3− (MIII = Fe and Cr), which proved to be a source of the chloranilate groups. Namely, by applying layering technique an unexpected partial decomposition of used metalate anions leads to the release of the chloranilate ligand from the coordination sphere of chromium(III) and iron(III) ions. During crystallization process, the released group is consequently coordinated to copper(II) ion in the reaction mixtures, yielding crystals of 2 or 3. Crystals of compound 4 have been formed as a result of the ligand exchange process. Also, it appears that slow diffusion and the solvent mixture used herein causes formation of the crystals of the quality needed for X-ray analysis of the starting building block [(n-Bu)4N]3[Cr(C6O4Cl2)3] (1), whose crystal structure has not been known. Interestingly, compound {[Cu(bpy)(C6O4Cl2)(H2O)]·H2O}6 (2) displays an unusual case of hypersymmetry with Z' = 6. Analysis of crystal structures and intermolecular interactions of 1–4 revealed role of hydrogen bonding and π-interactions in stabilization of crystal lattices, further characterized by fingerprint plots derived from the Hirshfeld surfaces (HS). Two phases of compound 4 were identified: at low-temperature (100 K) 4-LT and at room-temperature 4-RT, with similar unit-cell parameters. However, different positions and orientations of water molecules result in completely different hydrogen-bonding patterns.

Experimental and theoretical spectroscopic analysis, hydrogen bonding, reduced density gradient and antibacterial activity study on 2-Phenyl quinoline alkaloid

The main objective of the study was based on combined experimental and quantum chemical computation methodology performed on spectroscopic analysis, structural activity study in order to find the antibacterial activity of 2-phenyl quinoline (2PQ) alkaloid. Solvent effect of 2PQ with water complexes (2PQ·nH2O, n = 1,2,3…7) was performed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level to investigate the different types of hydrogen bonding interactions in compound 2PQ. The optimized structural parameters of the title compound were computationally obtained at DFT/B3LYP level of theory. The interaction energies of 2PQ·H2O complexes were calculated with the basis set superposition error (BSSE) correction. The fundamental modes of vibration were examined by experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman techniques. The assignments of vibrational modes were carried out by using normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA). Stability of the molecule, intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hyperconjugative interaction of 2PQ and its water complexes were also analyzed by using NBO analysis. Non-covalent interactions of 2PQ and its water complexes were studied by reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis. The UV–visible spectrum of the molecule in ethanol and water solvent were recorded and compared with calculated data. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict binding site of 2PQ with its target protein. The antibacterial activity of 2-phenyl quinoline alkaloid were tested against standard strain of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococus aureus.

Attenuated Deuterium Stabilization of Hydrogen-Bound Complexes at Room Temperature.

We have observed nine bimolecular hydrogen- or deuterium-bound complexes at room temperature using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The complexes were formed using methanol or ethanol as hydrogen bond donors, as well as deuterated isotopologues of these, in order to study isotopic effects on hydrogen bonds. The complexes were formed using either a dimethylether- (O) or trimethylamine (N) acceptor, to facilitate comparison of two different types of hydrogen or deuterium bonds, OH(D)·O and OH(D)·N. For each complex, the characteristic OH- or OD-stretching fundamental band in the bimolecular complex was observed. The Gibbs energy of complex formation was determined at room temperature for each complex to compare the relative stability of hydrogen- and deuterium-bound bimolecular complexes. It is well known that deuterium-bound complexes are more stable at low temperatures because of the lower frequency of its intermolecular modes and thus a lower zero point vibrational energy. However, at room temperature, entropic contributions to the stability should also be considered. At room temperature, we find the Gibbs energy of complex formation for each pair of corresponding hydrogen- and deuterium-bound complex to be similar. The similar values of the Gibbs energies at room temperature is explained from a difference in the entropy, upon complexation, which favors the formation of the hydrogen-bound complex more than the deuterium-bound complex at higher temperatures.

Supramolecular first-row transition metal complexes of 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)propanamide: Three different coordination modes

Michael addition of 3-tert-butylpyrazole (1) or 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (2) to acrylamide afforded the pyrazolylpropanamide-type ligands 3-(3-tert-pyrazol-1-yl)propanamide (3, = tBuPPA) and 3-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)propanamide (4, = Me2PPA), respectively, in high isolated yields (3: 80%, 4: 76%). Reactions of 4 with selected first-row transition-metal chlorides (MnCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, ZnCl2, CuCl2·2H2O) afforded the new complexes MnCl2(Me2PPA)2 (5), [MCl2(Me2PPA)]2 (M = Co (6), Zn (7)), and CuCl2(Me2PPA)2·2H2O (8). Ligand 3 and all four new complexes 5–8 have been structurally characterized though single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Surprisingly, the crystal structure determinations revealed three different coordination modes for the pyrazole-based ligand in these complexes. Seven-membered κN,κO-chelate rings are present in the manganese(II) complex 5. In contrast, κN: κO-bridging coordination of Me2PPA in compounds 6 and 7 leads to formation of dimers comprising 14-membered ring systems. Furthermore, unusual κN-monodentate coordination of Me2PPA has been found in the structure of the hydrated copper(II) complex Cu(Me2PPA)2Cl2·2H2O (8). In the crystalline state, all four complexes 5–8 form one- or two-dimensional supramolecular structures assembled through different types of hydrogen bonding.

Ultra-Coarse-Grained Liquid State Models with Implicit Hydrogen Bonding.

Coarse-graining (CG) methodologies have been widely used to extend the time and length scales of computer simulations by averaging over the atomistic details beneath the resolution of the CG models. Despite the efficiency of CG models, important configurational information during a given process may be lost at the CG resolution. One example of this is the topology of the hydrogen bonding network in the liquid state. When the functional group that participates in hydrogen bonding (e.g., -OH in methanol) is coarse-grained into one CG site, the effective interactions of the resultant CG model are usually derived from an averaged overall trajectory and, thus, do not take into account the hydrogen bonding interactions and topologies that are present at the all-atom resolution. In order to overcome this challenge, the present study develops new ultra-coarse-grained (UCG) models that include internal states within the CG sites that participate in hydrogen bonding, where each state represents a specific configuration such as the hydrogen bonding donor or acceptor. Internal states of the UCG beads are modeled to remain in quasi-equilibrium, and the degree of mixing is controlled by utilizing the effective local density of the UCG sites. In particular, we consider two groups of UCG models with different types of hydrogen bonding motifs: chain-like and ring-like. Using five different liquid systems that contain the same fundamental functional groups as biomolecules, we demonstrate the ability of the UCG models to reproduce the structural properties that originate from the configurations beneath the resolution of the UCG model. This proposed approach can also be applied to other liquids with such specific and directional interactions, or even to complex biomolecular systems in which hydrogen bonding is critical.

The role of titanium and vanadium based precipitates on hydrogen induced degradation of ferritic materials

The hydrogen induced damage of generic Fe-C-Ti and Fe-C-V ferritic alloys was investigated to assess the influence of precipitates on the hydrogen sensitivity of a material. The precipitates, formed during heat treatment, were evaluated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The hydrogen/material interaction was evaluated by: 1) melt and hot extraction to determine the total and diffusible hydrogen content, respectively, 2) permeation experiments to calculate the diffusion coefficient, 3) thermal desorption spectroscopy to determine the hydrogen trapping characteristics of the materials. Furthermore, two different types of hydrogen induced damage were evaluated, i.e. hydrogen assisted cracking and blistering, resulting from electrochemical hydrogen charging with and without the application of an external load, respectively. Evaluation of the hydrogen induced damage and the role of the precipitates was performed by combining optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). An important though divertive role of diffusible hydrogen is observed in both damage mechanisms for the investigated microstructures. On the one hand, a large amount of diffusible hydrogen compared to strongly trapped hydrogen promotes hydrogen assisted cracking of materials, while on the other hand, the blistering phenomenon is delayed under such conditions.