Different Types Of Atmospheres Research Articles

Some improvements on the processes to obtain accurate maps of sea surface temperature from AVHRR raw data transmitted in real time. Part 1: HRPT images

In this paper we have developed some improvements on the commonly used methodologies in order to obtain accurate maps of sea surface temperature (SST). These improvements permit us: (1) to calibrate without bias AVHRR channels including non-linear corrections; (2) to get geometrically corrected maps for the complete scan width of AVHRR (3000 km) with a subpixel accuracy; (3) to detect clouds over the sea; and (4) to make atmospheric and emissivity correction for all zenith angles from nadir to the outermost off-nadir view of AVHRR images (68.9 ) and for different types of atmospheres. The theoretical base of the improvements used is detailed in each section, and an example is also included in each section in order to better explain how they are applied in a practical situation. The methodologies developed here can be profitable for any user interested in accurate retrievals of SST such as meteorologists, climatologists and oceanographers.

CHLOROPHYLL DEGRADATION IN PARSLEY LEAVES STORED UNDER DIFFERENT ATMOSPHERES.

Pigments in stored parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum Nym.) were monitored to determine if degradative products of chlorophyll (chl) differed while under different types of atmosphere. The leaves were stored in a closed container under a stream of humidified air at 20C with or without 10 ppm ethylene and with or without 10 percent oxygen and 10 percent carbon dioxide. Analysis of pigments with HPLC showed that chl a and b decreased sharply with or without ethylene and the decrease was considerably less under CA. Chlorophyll a-1, the oxidized form of chl a, was initially low, and the level decreased slightly with all of the storage conditions. Chlorophyllide was also low, but it increased slightly during storage. Xanthophyll derivatives, which appeared to be the esterified xanthophylls, increased slightly during storage. These results indicate that chl degradation in stored parsley leaves was hastened by ethylene or suppressed by CA condition and the pathway of chl degradation did not appear to be altered by the different storage atmospheres.

Characteristics of a good ward atmosphere.

Thirty-five short term wards were evaluated with the WAS and a good milieu index. The results indicated that psychotic and non-psychotic patients need different types of atmosphere. Psychotic patients seem to benefit primarily from a milieu with a high level of Support, Practical orientation and Order and organization, and a low level of Anger and aggression, whereas non-psychotic patients seem to benefit mostly from a milieu with a high level of all subscales except for two: the level of Staff control ought to be low and the level of Anger and aggression ought probably to be intermediate.

Stress Corrosion of Brass: Field Tests in Different Types of Atmosphere

AbstractStress corrosion tests were carried out with deep drawn cup specimens of Cu63Zn37 brass, stress-relief annealed at different temperatures after the deep drawing operation. The stress levels of the variants were determined by a cutting-up method. The specimens were exposed to the atmosphere; indoors in a storehouse with or without heating facilities and outdoors in marine, urban and rural atmospheres with or without shelter from rain. The specimens were inspected regularly during a 10-year period with respect to stress corrosion cracks, and the following conclusions were reached:Cups of α-brass of type CuZn37 with high tensile stresses run very little risk of stress corrosion cracking in dry storage with heating facilities, although the risk of cracking cannot be completely excluded for material with a very high stress level. In a storehouse without heating, where condensation may occur occasionally, the risk of cracking is greater and exists also for material with somewhat lower stress level. On o...