Different Groups Of Pupils Research Articles

Adaptive teaching for GCSE and A level classical literature

AbstractThe new ITT Common Core Framework (CCF) for teachers expects trainee and early-career teachers to adapt their teaching to support all students in class (Department for Education, 2021). What used to be called ‘differentiation’ is now referred to as ‘adaptive teaching’ and full details of what it consists of, as far as the Department for Education in England is concerned, can be found on pages 19–20 of the CCF document. Much of the advice of that document is about supporting students with special educational needs and disabilities, about teachers’ need to recognise that different students have different levels of prior attainment and may have barriers to learning, and how different types of student grouping may affect learning in different ways. It dismisses as a ‘common misconception’ that students have different learning styles and warns against teachers creating ‘distinct tasks for different groups of pupils’ or ‘setting lower expectations for particular pupils’.

Toward Integrated and Inclusive Education for Sustainability with School–University Cooperation

Sustainable development has been a topic in the Finnish core curriculum for several years, but integrating this cross-cutting theme into a subject-based curriculum is perceived to be difficult. Hence, the city of Lappeenranta has developed its own educational model to support the development of pupils’ ecosocial attitudes and abilities. This study evaluates the implemented educational model by empirically examining the pupils’ perceptions of sustainability as well as studying differences between different groups of pupils. Analysis methods consisted of a combination of factor analysis, linear regression, and statistical tests for group differences. Young people were discovered to hold three different kinds of orientations to environmental issues and ecological sustainability. These were coupled with different perceptions of science, technology, and business in a way that indicates three different types of perceptions of a more holistic conception of sustainability. The significant differences in the sustainability-related perceptions between girls and boys as well as between pupils with different educational aspirations suggest that in the future, special attention needs to be paid to develop the educational model for better equity and inclusivity.

Qualitative Advancement in Inclusive Education in the Context of Societal Development: Dialectical Modelling

By applying a qualitative method of dialectical modelling, the following three models of inclusion are analysed: integration, inclusive special education, and universal design for learning. The prerequisites significant for the implementation of each model are tested by contradicting them against other models, in order to reveal education components and their connections that either strengthen or impede the qualitative evolution of inclusive believes and practice.The results of integrated education analysis underline the impulse of societal movement that encouraged the development of processes of inclusion and the restructuring of educational system; however, at the same time, they reveal the possibility of tension due to the desynchronization between various components of social and educational system. The reduction of tension and the sustainability of inclusive evolution requires the harmonisation of social believes and cultural experience.The analysis of the “Inclusive special education” model shows that any polarized attitude and educational effort towards different groups of pupils generates barriers for ensuring successful learning for all the pupils and shapes elements of educational segregation. In overcoming this barrier, the change in educators’ attitude and practice is significant, embracing the entirety of the learners and giving priority to professional co-operation.The connections between the components of universal design for learning model allow to cover the whole of the variety of learners and to aim at personal success for every pupil. A universal educational environment that corresponds with the variety of educational needs is the core precondition for a good quality inclusive education.

Careers guidance provisions and progression to post-16 education: An empirical analysis for Wales

Careers guidance is widely regarded as important in supporting young people in making appropriate decisions following school. However, there is very little empirical evidence as to its effectiveness. This paper examines whether the services provided by Careers Wales have encouraged progression to post-compulsory education in Wales. The paper uses administrative education data for 2 cohorts of school pupils who completed their final year of compulsory education in Wales 2012/13 and 2013/14. Through linkage to individual level client records held by Careers Wales, those pupils who had received careers guidance during their final 2 years of school are identified. Further linkage to records regarding participation in either school based sixth-forms or colleges of Further Education provides a complete picture of participation in post-compulsory education among Welsh pupils and how rates of transition vary among different groups of pupils, including whether or not pupils had had some form of contact with Careers Wales. Multivariate statistical analysis was undertaken to examine whether or not, after controlling for other characteristics, accessing the services of Careers Wales was associated with the likelihood of attending post-compulsory education. The results based on multivariate logistic regression analysis reveal that receiving careers guidance through the medium of group sessions increases the likelihood of overall participation in post-compulsory education. The effect of this is enhanced when pupils also received a one to once careers interview during the last 2 years of school. In general, careers interventions are associated with a reduced likelihood of attendance at Sixth Form but encourages student transition to Further Education. The study offers important insights for policy makers and career practitioners in terms of the contributions of careers guidance in supporting post-16 educational landscape in Wales.

Differentiation through individualisation – an ethnographic investigation of how one Swedish school creates inequality

ABSTRACTThe present article examines the general debate on curriculum differentiation and individualisation. Based on a policy ethnographic case study of class 9a at Forest School, it critically analyses how curriculum differentiation and individualisation are enacted in and interfere with classroom practice. The results show how Forest School's curriculum model on differentiation and individualisation has created and reproduced a system in which different knowledge is available to different groups of pupils. In practice, owing to this policy, some pupils are categorised as successful, some as adequate and some as failing. The analysis also shows that this practice creates differentiation in relation to school achievement and grades, but foremost that pupils in this class of 9th graders are paying a high price for their schooling, in the form of underachievement and social inequality.

Facilitating the social participation of pupils with special educational needs in mainstream schools: A review of school-based interventions

Inclusive education of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) has become a global trend. However, a considerable number of studies have shown that mere enrolment in mainstream classrooms is not enough to support the social participation of pupils with SEN. These children are at risk of experiencing difficulties in their involvement with peers at school. Thus, the question arises of how social participation can be fostered in mainstream classrooms. A systematic review of 35 studies was conducted to investigate which interventions are effective in inclusive mainstream preschool and elementary classrooms. Teaching interaction strategies to typically developing pupils, group activities in the academic context (cooperative learning and peer-tutoring), support groups for pupils with SEN, and training paraprofessionals to facilitate social interactions, were found to improve the social participation of pupils with SEN in general education classrooms. Nevertheless, there is need for more intervention studies implementing a variety of strategies and including different groups of pupils with SEN.

Решение творческих задач детьми младшего подросткового возраста как модель преодоления проблемной ситуации

The article presents the results of a study of pupils' cognition with varying academic progress during solving creative problems. There are analyses of the characteristics of such cognitions as productivity, independence, self-discipline. Creative problem is considered as a model of problem situations that may appear in other activities, including education. Observed regularities characterizing features of cognition in different groups of pupils are encouraged to use in practice as "resources" and "targets" in the counseling psychological support pupils of medium school in overcoming educational difficulties.

Similar products different processes: Exploring the orchestration of digital resources in a primary school project

Today, teachers and pupils are interacting with digital devices during different types of activities in the classroom context. During such activities, dialogic interaction has a particular value as a pedagogical practice that helps to develop pupils' understanding. This study has explored the question: In what ways do digital resources support dialogic and synergistic interaction?In order to explore primary school pupils' interaction within group activity and how they make use of the features of the laptops, the empirical material was collected through video recordings and further analysed with the interactivity analysis framework (IAF) developed by Beauchamp and Kennewell (2010). The findings show that although the products produced by the different groups of pupils were similar in a technological way (i.e. the pupils used the same modes of expression), the patterns of interaction during the group processes varied. Two out of six groups used the digital resource as an 'object of interaction', where the tool had a more passive role during the group collaboration. The other four groups used the ICT resource as a 'tool for interaction', where the resource became more of an interaction partner during the meaning-making processes, which opened up opportunities for learning. The findings also indicate that the interplay in these four groups between the group members and the laptop features seems to have developed the pupils' understanding of ICT resources as well as their understanding of the subject content during the group work. Synergistic interaction with ICT was rather rare but was observed in one of the groups.

The learning study as an approach for “clinical” subject matter didactic research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the conceptual classification of learning study as a research approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is mainly theoretical, drawing on articles concerning classroom‐based research approaches as well as on some distinctions between a university‐based science of the universal and a clinical science of the particular.FindingsThe main argument of the article is that learning studies can neither be subsumed under “design and development research” (because this type of research does not include the professional actor) nor under “teacher research” (because it does not pay much attention to theoretical knowledge) nor should it be regarded as a hybrid between design experiments and lesson studies. In spite of similarities to both it should rather be described as clinical research (in analogy to medical clinical research). The use of teachers’ experiences and tacit knowing in the knowledge‐producing process, the iterative process of specification of theory, and the uniqueness of the learning problems among different groups of pupils are central aspects of a particularistic clinical research process. In comparison with lesson study, the learning study is more focussed on constructing knowledge concerning objects of learning as well as teaching‐learning relations. Teachers are included in the research as interpretative professionals making professional sense of particular educational events.Originality/valueThe paper promotes the conceptual discussion of the learning study approach, as well as of both lesson and learning studies as research approaches, i.e. as knowledge‐producing practices.

Challenging Sexism? Gender and Ethnicity in the Secondary School

This article discusses understandings of girls confronting sexism in a Swedish multiethnic urban school. The empirical study includes school observations, conversations and formal group interviews with 15–16‐year‐old pupils from seven classes in four schools. The article provides an analysis of one of the schools, where the fieldwork showed gender to be frequently on the agenda. In particular, girls confronted what they deemed to be sexist and derogatory remarks from male classmates. Teachers were also seen to comment on gender during lessons and to act on what they agreed to be sexism among pupils. However, gender was largely understood as important to cultural differences and dealt with as related to pupils’ family and ethnic background. This is explored in the article as well as the various, partly conflicting ideas on gender expressed by different groups of pupils.

Betydelsen av praktisk personlig färdighet i idrottslärarutbildningen

The article discusses the importance of personal sporting skills in PE Teacher Education. The article is based on interviews with a group of teachers in PE Education. They were interviewed about how they perceive the needs of skills in PE Students. The article also discusses the diminished importance in PE Education of the need of physical literacy. A particular focus is on the discussion of personal skills in dancing and in ball games. The results show that there is a difference between how the PE educators talk about personal skills in dance and in ball games. There is consensus concerning the importance of the need for good personal ability in dancing, which also permeates the exams that the students are doing. In ball games, on the other hand, the discussion underlines the importance of general skills in coaching and leadership rather than personal skills in various ball games, in order to create good learning situations for different groups of pupils.

Class composition influences on pupils' cognitive development1

The proportion of low-achieving children in a class can affect the progress of individual pupils in that class. Having a large proportion of low achievers in a class could slow down growth in cognitive achievement but, might also boost such growth, due to the effects of specialist teaching geared to low achievers' needs. In a longitudinal study of 8,684 pupils aged 9 – 12, cognitive and social-emotional development were analysed. In classes with a comparatively large number of pupils with migrant parents, the increase in pupils' mathematics achievement was smaller. In classes with a comparatively large number of pupils with parents with a low level of education, the increase in pupils' achievement in Dutch language proficiency was smaller. No relationship was found between class composition and either well-being at school or academic self-concept. The effects of class composition appeared to be differential for different groups of pupils.

Differential School Effectiveness in Relation to Sex and Social Class: Some Implications for Policy Evaluation

This article reviews school effectiveness theory, concentrating on the unidimensionality of the school effect concept, and focuses on differential school effectiveness, by which is meant the capacity of the school to be effective with different groups of pupils. It presents findings from research exploring the associations between sex, social class, and school attended with Cypriot primary pupils’ progress in Mathematics. There was no evidence of significant differential effectiveness in relation to sex and social class, the gap between boys and girls, and between different social classes increased in all schools, reflecting the national picture. Implications for school self-evaluation are discussed.

Is Consistency a Necessary Characteristic for Effective Schools?

This article challenges one of the central orthodoxies of much school effectiveness and school improvement work – namely that schools should strive to become more consistent environments for pupils and teachers. It reviews the arguments for consistency; the success of centralised systems, and the 'mirroring' of factors of effectiveness at the different levels of organisation but also examines the evidence which seems inconsistent with this thesis. For example, the differential performance of boys and girls in some schools and of certain ethnic groups in some school environments. Whilst not suggesting that 'consistency' theories should be rejected in all circumstances the article argues that the motivation of students is the key factor which needs to link school organisation and school context. Drawing on organisational literature the analysis concludes that effective schools are most likely to be those which are able to differentiate their structures, strategies and policies for different groups of pupils and different learning tasks.

Understanding why things happen: Case-studies of pupils using an abstract picture language to represent the nature of changes

This research is concerned with investigating children’s understanding of physical, chemical and biological changes while using an approach developed by the projectEnergy and Change. This project aimed to provide novel ways of teaching about the nature and direction of changes, in particular introducing ideas related to the Second Law of Thermodynamics in a way accessible to pupils aged 11 upwards. To accomplish this, the project developed an abstract picture language through which the scientific story is told. An intensive study of the learning of a number of different groups of pupils was undertaken, based on records of their written work, observational notes of lessons, and small group interviews. This paper follows the progress of three pairs of 12-year-old pupils over a period of eight months studying a variety of topics, drawing on the written assignments and tests they did, as well as on the observational records. The abstract picture language and the teaching approach aim to provide a coherent and systematic account of the fundamental nature of all changes. The analysis reveals some of the issues which are involved in understanding the nature and causes of change and how this understanding can be fostered.

Differential Secondary School Effectiveness: comparing the performance of different pupil groups

AbstractThis article reports the results of an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funded study which focuses on the differential academic achievement of different groups of pupils. The paper describes the findings on the size and extent of school effects across 3 years (1990, 1991, 1992) for different groups of pupils (classified by gender, eligibility for free school means [FSM], ethnic group and by prior attainment). Pupils’ overall General Certificate of Secondary Education performance and their performance in selected subjects (English, English literature, French, history, mathematics and science) have been analysed using multilevel modelling, employing a total sample of 94 inner London secondary schools. A ‘value added’ approach is adopted, controlling for selected student background measures of prior attainment (at secondary transfer), gender, age, ethnicity and low income to provide statistical controls for differences between schools in the characteristics of their intakes. Differential school and departmental effects were identified for all pupil groups examined. However, the strongest evidence of differential effects was found for groups classified by prior attainment and ethnicity. Overall, the findings indicate that schools that appear to be more or less effective for a particular group of pupils, such as non‐FSM pupils, are likely to be more or less effective for all pupils. However, in some schools, substantial differences between groups were identified. The implications of these findings for the debate about the publication, presentation and interpretation of schools’ examination results and the extent to which the overall concepts of ‘effective’ or ‘ineffective’ schools can be applied, are discussed.

Altering the Bias in Differential School Effectiveness Using Data Envelopment Analysis

There is evidence that many schools are differentially effective in that they promote with different effectiveness the academic attainments of different groups of pupils, divided by such characteristics as prior academic attainments, socio-economic background and so on. Awareness of the extent and direction of a school's differential effectiveness is important. Measures of overall performance of a differentially effective school can be misleading and targets seeking to improve the overall performance of such a school may not address its underlying inadequacies in raising the attainments of specific groups of pupils. This paper develops a data envelopment analysis based method for setting targets for diffentially effective schools to enable them to alter the bias of their differential effectiveness. The method also identifies role model schools which a differentially effective school can emulate in seeking to redress the imbalances in its effectiveness.

ACADEMIC SELF‐CONCEPT, ACCURACY OF PERCEIVED ABILITY AND ACADEMIC ATTAINMENT

Summary. Self‐concept theories have emphasised the crucial importance of developing a realistic self‐image. Positive self‐regard with a realistic basis should differ in its relations to both antecedents and outcomes from similar self‐assessment which has no such basis. However, the feasibility of studying accuracy of self‐concept empirically was seriously questioned due to the absence of a criterion determining what the individual actually is. The present study examines one fact of this issue, namely accuracy of academic self‐concept. The academic self‐concept of 287 elementary school pupils was compared with teacher ratings of their academic ability and school performance. Regression and path analyses indicated that accuracy of perceived ability has an independent unique effect on academic attainment beyond the effects of academic self‐concept and background variables. Different patterns of relations between these variables were found for pupils who tended to overestimate their academic ability and those who were inclined to underestimate it. Accuracy and biases in academic self‐concept were discussed in terms of their contribution to academic attainment for different groups of pupils.

Estimating Differences in the Examination Performances of Secondary Schools in Six LEAs: a multi‐level approach to school effectiveness

Abstract Examination results for fifth‐year pupils in six different local education authorities are analysed with a view to establishing what differences in their performance can be assigned to the schools they attend. Using multi‐level models it is shown that, whilst in general the differences between schools are relatively small, the actual size in examination points is certainly not trivial. These differences are estimated for the schools in each LEA. Distinctions are drawn between explanatory models based on information about pupils’ background as opposed to prior attainment; the latter are shown to be more appropriate for comparisons between schools. Amongst the 11 data sets analysed there was little evidence that schools were differentially effective with different groups of pupils.

The Significance of Adolescent Interests in Biology

Research Article| January 01 1942 The Significance of Adolescent Interests in Biology Herbert S. Zim Herbert S. Zim Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1942) 4 (4): 109–112. https://doi.org/10.2307/4437244 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Herbert S. Zim; The Significance of Adolescent Interests in Biology. The American Biology Teacher 1 January 1942; 4 (4): 109–112. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4437244 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.