Different Degrees Of Interaction Research Articles

As formas de intervenção do professor no texto do aluno e a construção da intersubjetividade

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n3p1415Sabe-se que, na maioria das vezes, a produção textual no ambiente escolar constitui-se de um processo discursivo artificializado e, de certo modo, vazio em termos de interação intersubjetiva. O aluno escreve para obter nota. O professor corrige para atribuir nota. A isso se resume o propósito interacional desencadeado com a produção do enunciado. Tal perspectiva deixa a desejar quando se leva em conta que o objetivo primeiro da escola é desenvolver a competência discursiva dos alunos e de que isso se efetiva através de práticas de escrita e reescrita mediadas pelo professor. Nesse sentido, à luz de concepções de Benveniste (2005) acerca da subjetividade na linguagem e de Bakhtin (2003) sobre enunciado/texto como unidade da comunicação discursiva, analisam-se as formas de correção textual elencadas por Ruiz (2010) enquanto estratégias de intervenção do professor no texto do aluno, com vistas a discutir o processo de escrita e reescrita numa abordagem enunciativa. A análise aponta que, dependendo das estratégias de intervenção utilizadas, diferentes graus de interação se estabelecem, sendo que, em alguns casos, ela é quase que apagada.

The Interplay Between Sustainable Entrepreneurs and Public Authorities: Evidence From Sustainable Energy Transitions

Sustainable entrepreneurs are considered to play a crucial role in fostering sustainable development. However, transitions in sociotechnical systems, such as a transition to low-carbon energy solutions, are unlikely to succeed without the coordination with regional political actions, particularly in sectors characterized by path dependency and lock-ins. Based on an empirical analysis of the interplay between firms and public authorities when opening new energy niche markets through Sustainable Energy Action Plans, this article explores the role of sustainable entrepreneurs. We investigate the different levels of engagement with public authorities in co-evolutionary processes toward sustainable development. From this empirical research, four types of co-evolutionist sustainable entrepreneur are derived—hero, visionary, bandwagoner, and explorer. These correspond to the different degrees of interaction with public authorities and system level of action, and extend the definition of the sustainable entrepreneur. The related academic and managerial implications contribute to the current debate on sustainable entrepreneurship.

Interlaminar interaction in paper thermoplastic laminate composites

Bio-based composites are a research topic since several decades, which aims for sustainable and durable materials. In the scope of this research, many different sources for biobased reinforcements have been investigated. Typical issues associated with the use of such are property variations due to cultivation area and climate, besides the influences of the type, pretreatment and fibre geometry. Another issue can be the availability of such natural fibres. Due to these reasons, we started using paper sheets as reinforcements in laminate composites with thermoplastic materials. In preliminary studies with polypropylene composites, we found good mechanical properties, even higher than could be expected by estimating the composite properties from the constituents by applying simple rule of mixtures type models. We suspect, besides some effect of paper compaction, interlaminar effects to be the reason for this. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the effects of the interfacial interaction on the different paper laminate properties due to different matrix polymers. For this work, we used polypropylene, polyamide 6 and 12 as well as polystyrene. Composites were produced via compression moulding and samples for mechanical testing and density evaluation were cut from the moulded plates. The results from mechanical tests show, that there is a reinforcing effect, regardless of matrix polymer used. Simple rule of mixtures evaluations show, that the different matrices exhibit different degrees of interaction, based on their chemical structure. In addition, also influences due to processing were found.

The acoustic repertoire of lycaenid butterfly larvae

Sounds and vibrations play vital roles in intra- and inter-specific communication of many insect taxa, for sexual display, defence and social recruitment. In Lepidoptera, sound production occurs in larvae, pupae and adults and has evolved in response to selection of sexual or defensive traits. About 75% of the 6000 estimated lycaenid butterflies are associated with ants (termed “myrmecophilous species”) and many species produce acoustic emissions during pre-imaginal development. It was initially believed that these acoustic emissions were only produced by myrmecophilous species, but later studies showed that the ability to produce sounds may be universal among this butterfly family. The acoustic repertoire of the late-instar larvae of 12 lycaenid species (Polyommatinae and Lycaeninae), showing different degrees of interaction with ants, was analysed by investigating 12 acoustic parameters measured on the call fundamental unit (pulse). All samples produced species-specific calls whose spectra were characterized by harmonic frequency components. The inter-specific call diversity better reflects the level of association with ants than the taxonomic relationships between species. Our results support the hypothesis that the ability to emit acoustic signals is widespread in lycaenids, and that these emissions play a role in myrmecophilous interactions.

A natural cement analogue study to understand the long-term behaviour of cements in nuclear waste repositories: Maqarin (Jordan)

The geological storage of nuclear waste includes multibarrier engineered systems where a large amount of cement-based material is used. Predicting the long term behaviour of cement is approached by reactive transport modelling, where some of the boundary conditions can be defined through studying natural cement analogues (e.g. at the Maqarin natural analogue site). At Maqarin, pyrometamorphism of clay biomicrites and siliceous chalks, caused by the in-situ combustion of organic matter, produced various clinker minerals. The interaction of infiltrating groundwater with these clinker phases resulted in a portlandite-buffered hyperalkaline leachate plume, which migrated into the adjacent biomicrite host rock, resulting in the precipitation of hydrated cement minerals.In this study, rock samples with different degrees of interaction with the hyperalkaline plume were investigated by various methods (mostly SEM-EDS). The observations have identified a paragenetic sequence of hydrous cement minerals, and reveal how the fractures and porosity in the biomicrite have become sequentially filled. In the alkaline disturbed zone, C-A-S-H (an unstoichiometric gel of Ca, Al, Si and OH) is observed to fill the pores of the biomicrite wallrock, as a consequence of reaction with a high pH Ca-rich fluid circulating in fractures. Porosity profiles indicate that in some cases the pores of the rock adjacent to the fractures became tightly sealed, whereas in the veins some porosity is preserved. Later pulses of sulphate-rich groundwater precipitated ettringite and occasionally thaumasite in the veins, whereas downstream in the lower pH distal regions of the hyperalkaline plume, zeolite was precipitated.Comparing our observations with the reactive transport modelling results reveals two major discrepancies: firstly, the models predict that ettringite is precipitated before C-A-S-H, whereas the C-A-S-H is observed as the earlier phase in Maqarin; and, secondly, the models predict that ettringite acts as the principal pore-filling phase in contrast to the C-A-S-H observed in the natural system. These discrepancies are related to the fact that our data were not available at the time the modelling studies were performed. However, all models succeeded in reproducing the porosity reduction observed at the fracture–rock interface in the natural analogue system.

Reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced bioactivity of cationic antimicrobial peptides liposomes in cell cultures and 3D epidermis model against HSV

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immunity, and act against a wide variety of pathogenic microorganisms by perturbation of the microorganism's plasma membrane. Although attractive for clinical applications, these agents suffer from limited stability and activity in vivo, as well as non-specific interaction with host biological membranes, leading to cytotoxic adverse effects.We hypothesized that encapsulation of AMPs within liposomes could result in reduced cytotoxicity, and with enhanced stability as well as bioactivity against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). We formulated nano-sized liposomal formulations of LL-37 and indolicidin, and their physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, in vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy have been determined. Lower cytotoxicity of LL-37 liposomes was found in comparison to indolicidin liposomes attributed to the superior physicochemical properties, and to the different degree of interaction with the liposomal membrane. The disc-like shaped LL-37 liposomes (106.8±10.1nm, shelf-life stability of >1year) were taken up more rapidly and to a significantly higher extent than the free peptide by human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), remained intact within the cells, followed by release of the active peptide within the cytoplasm and migration of the vesicles' lipids to the plasma membrane. LL-37 liposomes were found significantly less toxic than both the free agent and liposomal indolicidin. In the new 3D epidermis model (immortalized primary keratinocytes) liposomal LL-37 treatment (>20μM), but not free LL-37, efficiently protected the epidermis, inhibiting HSV-1 infection. This positive antiviral effect was obtained with no cytotoxicity even at very high concentrations (400μM). Thus, the antiviral activity of encapsulated LL-37 was significantly improved, expanding its therapeutic window. Liposomal LL-37 appears to be a promising delivery system for HSV therapy.

Silica sol assisted chromatographic NMR spectroscopy for resolution of trans- and cis-isomers

Chromatographic NMR spectroscopy can separate the mixtures of species with significantly different molecular size, but generally fails for isomeric species. Herein, we reported the resolution of trans- and cis-isomers and their structural analogue, which are different in molecular shapes, but similar in mass, were greatly enhanced in the presence of silica sol. The mixtures of maleic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid, and the mixtures of trans- and cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids, were distinguished by virtue of their different degrees of interaction with silica sol. Moreover, we found mixed solvents could improve the spectral resolution of DOSY spectra of mixtures.

Kinetic and thermal decomposition of ettringite synthesized from aqueous solutions

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of a synthetic ettringite sample was studied between 298 and 820 K in an inert atmosphere for the present work. The ettringite and its thermal decomposition products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Four endothermic events were observed with thermogravimetry curves, the maxima of which occurred at 366, 397, 537, and 641 K. All events were associated with the loss of water molecules with different degrees of interaction within the ettringite structure. Chemical equations for each decomposition step were proposed based on the percentages of mass loss observed. In addition, for the first time, the activation energies of each ettringite decomposition events were determined by the isoconversional methods of Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Friedman, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose. The modeling revealed that the activation energy varied from ~50 kJ mol−1, characteristic of mass transfer control steps, to ~150 kJ mol−1, which is typical of chemical control, as the temperature increased and the ettringite structure lost water. A total of 32 mol of water was released equivalent to 43.1 % of the initial sample mass.

Rockfall at the heritage site of the Tatlarin Underground City (Cappadocia, Turkey)

Cappadocia is one of the most important natural, historical and cultural heritages of Turkey. The region is seriously threatened by different instability problems, and several locations were accordingly closed to visit, mainly because of rockfalls. The aim of current study is to investigate the rockfall hazard potential near the Tatlarin Underground City. For this purpose, an extensive engineering geological investigation was performed and complemented with a set of rockfall simulations performed by means of the 3D numerical model HY-STONE. The investigation included: (1) mapping of the lithological units (tuffs and overlying basalts, talus deposits) and of unstable blocks along the cliff; (2) rock mass geomechanics and kinematic analysis of block stability; and (3) laboratory testing of tuff and basalt. These allowed to show that the instabilities are mainly controlled by different durability of tuffs and basalts. The weakness of tuffs facilitates a progressive undercutting of the basalt layer, the opening of subvertical joints and the consequent movement of large basaltic blocks. Two future potential rockfall scenarios have been produced by 3D rockfall modelling for hazard zonation and for suggesting risk management strategies. Model parameters were calibrated by back-analysis of both historical events and field tests. Different sets of parameters have been calibrated for different release volumes to consider different degrees of interaction with slope material of different size. The effect of roughness of the topography was investigated in terms of trajectories and lateral dispersion of blocks and its consequences on hazard zonation and risk management actions.

Using Natural Tracers to Track the Groundwater Flow in a Mining Area

Natural tracers, including 222Rn, 226Ra, δ18O, and δ2H are frequently used in hydrological studies to determine the origin, dynamics and mixing of waters. In order to assess the seasonal variation of groundwater flow in Rosia Montana mining area, water samples have been collected from ten points for nine months, on a monthly basis. The 222Rn and 226Ra concentrations reflect a low level of radioactivity in the area, the values being below the national and international thresholds for drinking water. Significant differences in the trends of the isotopic composition have been noticed, both for the mining affected and non-affected sampling sites, suggesting different pathways, residence times and geochemical processes that may occur. A Local Meteoric Water Line needs to be built in order to compare the measured isotopic ratios. The groundwater recharge in the system of galleries comes from atmospheric precipitations, being submitted to a longer or shorter path, and very likely, to different degrees of interaction with the rock. The performed preliminary investigations have revealed the good potential to a more complete image on the underground water circulation and related processes by using a combination of isotopic and classic chemical analyses.

Designing new ferrite/manganite nanocomposites.

Two kinds of nanocomposites of transition metal oxides were synthesized and investigated. Each nanocomposite comprises nanoparticles of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 and CoFe2O4 in similar volume fractions, however arranged with different morphologies. The temperature-dependent magnetic and electrical properties of the two systems are found to greatly differ, suggesting different degrees of interaction and coupling of their constituents. This is confirmed by magnetic field-dependent experiments, which reveal contrasted magnetization reversal and magnetoresistance in the systems. We discuss this morphology-physical property relationship, and the possibility to further tune the magnetism and magneto-transport in such nanocomposites.

Flotation separation of copper–molybdenum sulfides using chitosan as a selective depressant

Chitosan, a natural biodegradable polymer, was studied as a selective depressant in copper–molybdenum sulfide separation by flotation. Although chitosan depressed both molybdenite and chalcopyrite in single mineral flotation, selective flotation was achieved during the flotation of molybdenum-bearing copper sulfide concentrate at pH 6; the recovery of molybdenum in the froth product was over 70% while the recovery of copper was less than 24%. Adsorption measurements showed that chitosan had a higher adsorption density on chalcopyrite than on molybdenite. FTIR and ToF-SIMS measurements were carried out to confirm the different degrees of interaction of chitosan with molybdenite and chalcopyrite and the results showed that chitosan mostly adsorbed on chalcopyrite via amide groups when both molybdenite and chalcopyrite were present in the suspension.

Microstructure and Properties of Nickel-based C276 Alloy Coatings by PTA on AISI 316L and API 5L X70 Steel Substrates

This work assessed Ni-based C276 alloy coatings by PTA with different degree of interaction with AISI 316L and API 5L X70 steel substrates. Track geometry, dilution and microstructure of coatings were evaluated by optical, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Properties were evaluated by hardness and wear tests. Microstructure exhibited austenite Ni-FCC dendrites and interdendrictic regions containing carbides. Dilution from 4,9 to 25,4% for coatings on API 5L X70 leaded to hardness ranging from 283 to 243 HV0,5. Otherwise, dilution between 22,3 and 41,5% for coatings on AISI 316L induced hardness from 267 to 225 HV0,5. Higher interaction with the substrate leaded to 19,8% increase of mass loss rate on API 5L X70 coatings. The slight difference for coatings properties deposited on different substrates indicated that the degree of interaction was the most significant factor.

When does higher degree of interaction lead to higher learning in visualizations? Exploring the role of ‘Interactivity Enriching Features’

Interactive visualizations are being used extensively for effective teaching and learning. Higher degree of interaction in visualizations improves comprehension and leads to deeper learning. However, some research studies have reported ambiguous, inconclusive results in terms of learning benefits of interactive visualizations. The conditional results in such studies suggest some additional features to be instrumental in assisting learners in deriving benefits of interactivity in visualizations. We refer to these features as ‘Interactivity Enriching Features’. This study examines how degree of interaction of the user with the visualization affects learning outcome. The study proposes how interactivity in visualizations can be enriched by offering apt affordances and evaluates what additional features could make learning from interactive visualizations more effective at the same degree of interaction. The study has been carried out in the context of a course on Signals and Systems in Electrical Engineering on second year engineering students (N = 134). The subjects were assigned to one of the four conditions: a Non-Interactive Visualization, an Animation, a Simulation, and an Interactivity Enriched Visualization. The dependent variable was test-score for ‘Understand conceptual knowledge’, ‘Understand procedural knowledge’ and ‘Apply procedural knowledge’ categories. The research findings indicate that, i) different degrees of interaction are required for learning different types of knowledge and ii) interactive visualization could not deliver its learning benefits unless it was augmented by ‘Interactivity Enriching Features’ in the form of appropriate affordance for variable manipulation, especially for higher learning outcomes. This research study contributes towards the design of educationally effective interactive visualizations.

Intermediality between Games and Fiction: The “Ludology vs. Narratology” Debate in Computer Game Studies: A Response to Gonzalo Frasca

Abstract In the last ten or fourteen years there has been a debate among the so called ludologists and narratologists in Computer Games Studies as to what is the best methodological approach for the academic study of electronic games. The aim of this paper is to propose a way out of the dilemma, suggesting that both ludology and narratology can be helpful methodologically. However, there is need for a wider theoretical perspective, that of semiotics, in which both approaches can be operative. The semiotic perspective proposed allows research in the field to focus on the similarities between games and traditional narrative forms (since they share narrativity to a greater or lesser extent) as well as on their difference (they have different degrees of interaction); it will facilitate communication among theorists if we want to understand each other when talking about games and stories, and it will lead to a better understanding of the hybrid nature of the medium of game. In this sense the present paper aims to complement Gonzalo Frasca’s reconciliatory attempt made a few years back and expand on his proposal.

Static and moving frontiers: the genetic landscape of Southern African Bantu-speaking populations.

A consensus on Bantu-speaking populations being genetically similar has emerged in the last few years, but the demographic scenarios associated with their dispersal are still a matter of debate. The frontier model proposed by archeologists postulates different degrees of interaction among incoming agropastoralist and resident foraging groups in the presence of "static" and "moving" frontiers. By combining mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data collected from several southern African populations, we show that Bantu-speaking populations from regions characterized by a moving frontier developing after a long-term static frontier have larger hunter-gatherer contributions than groups from areas where a static frontier was not followed by further spatial expansion. Differences in the female and male components suggest that the process of assimilation of the long-term resident groups into agropastoralist societies was gender biased. Our results show that the diffusion of Bantu languages and culture in Southern Africa was a process more complex than previously described and suggest that the admixture dynamics between farmers and foragers played an important role in shaping the current patterns of genetic diversity.

Services branding: is it a matter of gender?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to verify whether gender traits of brand personality (masculinity vs femininity) are able to differentiate services brands belonging to the same service industry. Second, this paper intends to assess the validity of Grohmann's scale (that measures the masculine and the feminine dimensions of brand personality) among Italian consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 200 consumers. Participants were asked to rate their perceptions of the masculinity vs femininity dimensions of four different service brands (two brands of food retailers and two brands of airlines). Findings – The findings show that Grohmann's scale reaches high levels of validity in the Italian context, as well and that femininity and masculinity measured by that scale are able to register differences in services brand positioning for brands belonging to the same service industry. Research limitations/implications – The services category includes very heterogeneous services with different degrees of interaction and consumer's involvement. Further studies are needed to isolate the impact of the perceived MBP and FBP associated either with the service industry/category or with the specific brand. Practical implications – Marketing managers can actively try to influence consumer's perceptions of FBP and MBP through the brand logo colors, brands slogans, masculine or feminine spokespeople, etc. to obtain their desired positioning. Originality/value – The paper is the first to specifically study brand personality's gender dimensions within services environments. The paper also supports the validity of Grohmann's scale outside the German context.

Conversion of diols by dehydrogenation and dehydration reactions on silica-supported copper catalysts

The gas-phase conversion of a 1,3-polyol (1,3-butanediol) containing primary and secondary OH functions was studied on a series of copper-silica catalysts, ZCuSiO2 (Z=1–25wt.% Cu), and thoroughly characterized by several techniques such as BET surface area, TPR, XRD, N2O chemisorption, and UV-vis-DRS. The physicochemical properties of the ZCuSiO2 catalysts depended on whether the metal loading was above or below the copper monolayer surface coverage (Z=13.5wt.% Cu). Copper species presenting different degrees of interaction with the silica support were detected. At low Z values Cu0 dispersion was high (D≈40%) due to a predominant contribution of nano-sized Cu species (3nm) which are difficult to reduce, but for Z>13.5wt.%, D abruptly dropped to 3–8% because of formation of larger tridimensional Cu clustered species (30nm) that reduced at lower temperatures because of a decreased copper-silica interaction.On ZCuSiO2 catalysts, dehydrogenation of the 1,3-butanediol secondary OH function prevailed over that of the primary one and therefore valuable ketones were the main reaction products. Consecutively to dehydrogenation, dehydration and hydrogenation reactions also took place. Products of the tandem reaction were the β-hydroxy ketone (4-hydroxy-2-butanone), the α,β-unsaturated ketone (methyl vinyl ketone) and the saturated ketone (methyl ethyl ketone). A direct 1,3-butanediol dehydration pathway toward methyl ethyl ketone was also found. Reaction pathways were strongly dependent on the Cu loading and therefore on the kind of Cu species (isolated or clustered). When compared at similar conversion levels, selectivity to the dehydrogenation product 4-hydroxy-2-butanone increased with Z suggesting that on large Cu0 particles 4-hydroxy-2-butanone was released to the gas phase before being converted in consecutive steps. On the contrary, on highly dispersed Cu0 crystals of low Cu loading catalysts, 1,3-butanediol was readily dehydrated giving the saturated ketone.Kinetically relevant reaction steps of 1,3-butanediol conversion by dehydrogenation and dehydration were promoted on Cu0 sites. Dehydration of the intermediate 4-hydroxy-2-butanone also occurred on Cu0 sites. Turnover rates were constant on Cu0 nano particles and slightly higher on clustered species.

Role of wall panel connections on the seismic performance of precast structures

Past seismic events, including the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and the 2012 Emilia earthquake, clearly demonstrated the inadequacy of the current design approach for the connection system of the cladding wall panels of precast buildings. To clarify this problem the present paper investigates the seismic behaviour of a traditional precast structural frame for industrial buildings with a new type of connection system of cladding panels. This system consists of a statically determined pendulum arrangement of panels, each supported with two hinges to the structure, one at the top and one at the bottom, so to have under seismic action a pure frame behaviour where the wall panels are masses without stiffness. Adding mutual connections between the panels, the wall cladding panels become part of the resisting structure, leading to a dual frame/wall system or to a wall system depending on the stiffness of the connections. The seismic behaviour of this structural assembly is investigated for different degrees of interaction between frame and panels, as well as for an enhanced solution with dissipative connections. The results of nonlinear static (pushover) analyses and nonlinear dynamic analyses under recorded and artificial earthquakes highlight the role of the wall panel connections on the seismic behaviour of the structural assembly and show the effectiveness of the dual frame/wall system with dissipative connections between panels.

Lectin-binding analysis of the biofilm exopolymeric matrix carbohydrate composition of corrosion-aggressive bacteria

The carbohydrate components of biofilms of corrosion-aggressive bacteria were studied by transmisstion electron microscopy using lectins labeled with colloidal gold. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and neutral carbohydrates D-glucose and D-mannose were found within the exopolymeric matrix. Lectins with equal carbohydrate specificity demonstrated different degrees of interaction with the carbohydrate components of bacterial biofilms. To identify N-acetyl-D-galactosamine in biofilms of Desulfovibrio sp. 10 and Bacillus subtilis 36, the LBA lectin appeared to be most specific; in the case of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in biofilms of B. subtilis 36 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27, the WGA lectin. During visualization of neutral carbohydrates in the studied cultures, the PSA lectin was most specific. We have shown that lectins labeled with colloidal gold could be used as an express method for the identification and localization of carbohydrates in glycopolymers of the biofilm exopolymeric matrix.