Different Concentrations Of Growth Regulators Research Articles

Influence of furolan-treated seeds on sowing characteristics of winter wheat cultivars

The study was carried out at the All-Russian Rice Research Institute, Belozerny, Krasnodar, Russia in 2009. The seeds of three varieties of winter wheat namely; Bat’ko, Deya and Krasnodarskaya 99 were grown in different concentrations of growth regulators namely; Furolan, (2-furyl-2)-1,3-dioxolane, gibberellins (plant hormone) and water as control. The influence of the growth regulators on seed germination energy and germinating power were determined. The effect of the regulators was higher in all the experimental variants than in the control. However, this increase was insignificant (LSD0.05 = 6.88). Application of Furolan in concentration of 0.001 and 0.0001% in Deya’s variety decreased germination energy in comparison with that of concentration 0.01%. Weak concentration virtually did not stimulate germination energy of seeds. The different varieties investigated in this study showed very positive response to growth regulators at different stages of ontogenesis of the plants. The effect of the factor B (growth regulators) on the formation of sprout length was 11.7%. Interaction of factors A and B was very small; its effect was only 0.6%.

Micropropagation of three endemic and endangered fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes

In this research, in vitro propagation of three endangered and endemic fig genotypes named ‘Bargchenari’, ‘Dehdez’ and ‘Runu’ were investigated. For shoots proliferation, nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were treated with different concentrations of growth regulators. Rooting of shoots was initiated by the use of MS and MS/2 media and various concentrations of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mg l-1). The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. Results showed that shoots proliferation improved as subcultures increased. The highest shoot numbers per explant 13.67 and 8.8 were achieved eight weeks after second subculture in ‘Runu’ and ‘Bargchenari’ genotypes respectively, when MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.2 mg l-1 N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (2ip). In ‘Dehdez’ genotype, the number of shoots was 4.4 per explant, when culture media were supplemented with 6 mg l-1 Kinetin (Kn) and 0.2 mg l-1 6-α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The highest root numbers (2.23) were obtained in ‘Bargchenari’ genotype on MS/2 medium containing 1.5 mg l-1 IBA.

Optimization of somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration of Urochloa species using picloram

The establishment of an efficient methodology for regeneration in Urochloa spp. via somatic embryogenesis is an essential component of genetic engineering technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of growth regulators on callus induction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration of Urochloa spp. using mature seeds as the initial explant. Firstly, different concentrations (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L) of 2,4-D or picloram were tested using U. brizantha cv. Marandu. In a second step, the above concentrations of picloram were also used to evaluate its effect on the morphogenetic potential in different genotypes: U. brizantha cvs. Xaraes and Piata, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. humidicola cv. Llanero, and U. ruziziensis cv. Ruziziensis. There was no significant difference between concentrations of 2,4-D or picloram for the production of primary calluses in U. brizantha cv. Marandu, ranging from 58.5 to 69.2%. However, embryogenic calluses induced under picloram showed higher percentage of shoot formation after transferring to MS medium with 2 mg/L BA. A higher number of shoots were produced in mature seed cultures of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk and U. brizantha cvs. Marandu and Xaraes supplemented with 1 mg/L picloram. No albino plants were regenerated using picloram. The successful regeneration of green and morphologically normal plants opens the possibility of using this protocol to obtain transgenic plants in Urochloa spp.

Effect of Growth Regulator on Regeneration of Two Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.)

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of various concentrations of different growth regulators on the aspect of callus induction along with shoot regeneration and root formation of two sweet potato varieties viz. BARI 6 and BARI 7. For callus induction, MS medium was used supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4–D (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L –1 ) and Kinetin (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L –1 )). Different concentrations of BAP (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 mg L –1 ) were used for shoot regeneration while different concentrations of NAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) with a constant level of BAP @ 2.0 were also used for root development. All the studied parameters were significantly influenced by the effect of sweet potato varieties and various concentrations of growth regulators. The highest percentage (91.67%) of callus induction was observed in 0.5 mg L –1 2,4–D + 0.5 mg L –1 kinetin with the variety BARI 6 within a minimum number of days (5.50 days) while similar effect also showed the higher weight of callus at 15 (4.65 g) and 35 (6.12 g) days of culture. Performance study of BAP concentration regarding two potato varieties were significant among the shoot characters where 2.5 mg L –1 BAP treated callus of BARI–6 obtained the maximum regeneration of shoot (85.00%) with an average requiring minimum time (6.83 days) while maximum leaves shoot –1 (12.17) and longest shoot (5.50 cm) were also obtained. Percentage of root formation (73.33%) had also maximum in BARI–6 with an average requiring least time (6.83 days) while it was treated by 1.0 mg L –1 NAA which treatment also showed the longest root (10.83 cm).So, it is clear that the sweet potato variety BARI–6 showed superiority than BARI–7 while 0.5 mg L –1 2,4–D + 0.5 mg L –1 kinetin was the best combination for callus induction, 2.5 mg L –1 BAP for shoot formation and 1.0 mg L –1 NAA for root regeneration in the present study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22156 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 113-116 2014

English

Different concentrations of growth regulators and three types of explants were investigated for their efficiency on callus induction in Telfairia occidentalis with a view of providing baseline information for the development of a callus initiation protocol. Three concentrations of kinetin (KN) (0.1, 3.3 and 5.0 mg/L) in combination with two concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (2.0 and 5.0 mg/L) and two concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.25 and 0.5 mg/L) in combination with 0.25 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA) were tested for their effect on callus induction from stem, leaf and nodal explants collected from field-grown Telfairia plants. Media supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with kinetin gave the highest cumulative percent callus induction. With regards to cumulative percentage callus induction and total callus produced, media supplemented with BA alone was better than media supplemented with kinetin alone.  Irrespective of the growth regulator type, percent callus induction was not significantly different among explant types. The study concluded that, 2,4-D is a better auxin for high callus induction in T. occidentalis explants as compared to NAA. However, there is still a need to test the effect of 2,4-D in combination with BA on callus induction.   Key words: Telfairia occidentalis, callus initiation, 2,4-D, BA, kinetin.

English

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) var. 668 was propagated through tissue culture technique: callogenesis at MS media supplemented with different concentrations of growth regulators. Explants were disinfected with 70% ethanol which was sprayed directly on outer most sheathe which covered the tender stem to be used as source of explants. After 15 days, those explants which survived turned into green leaves and were used for the aforementioned study. Different concentrations of growth regulators were applied. For callogensis response from the cultivated explant, combination of Murashige and Skoog (MS) + 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4.D) + benzylaminopurine (BAP) with different concentration was applied and were found best for the establishment of callus from shoot culture.   Key words: Saccharum officinarum L, callogenesis, growth regulators, explants, shoot culture.

Rapid protocol for callus induction and differentiation of roots and shoots in Dioscorea alata—a medicinal plant

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of growth regulators on in vitro differentiation of Dioscorea through nodal explants which provide a fast, reliable and alternate method of multiplication and facilitate ex situ conservation of this valuable plant species. Nodal explants excised from in vivo grown plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth substances. The maximum (100 per cent) callus induction as well as growth was obtained on NAA (2.5 mg/l). The induced callus was transferred onto the nutrient media supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators for the differentiation of roots and shoots. Roots were developed on MS medium + NAA (2.0 mg/l) + IBA (0.5 mg/l), shoots on MS + BAP (2.0 mg/l) + NAA (0.5 mg/l) and roots-shoots on MS + NAA (2.5 mg/l) + 2, 4-D (2.0 mg/l) from the callus.

Influence of growth regulators on callus induction from embryos of five citrus rootstocks

Objective: The aim of this work is to develop a protocol for callus induction of Moroccan Citrus rootstocks. Methodology and results: Callus cultures were initiated from embryos explants of five Citrus rootstocks (Cleopatra mandarin , Rangpur lime , Citrus volkameriana , Trifoliate orange , Citrus aurantium ) on Murashige and Tucker (MT) and Tucker (MT) basal media. Different concentrations of growth regulators were tested in order to obtain the best callus formation: 2, 4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) in combination with benzylaminopurine (BAP) at five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3mgL-1) were used in this study. It was found that growth regulator concentration had a significant effect on the callus induction, the callus growth and callus physical appearance. The highest frequency of the callus induction rate (100% and 83%) was observed with two combinations of 2, 4-D/BAP: 1 / 0, 5 and 2/1 (mgl-1). Medium containing only BAP (1mgl-1) resulted in the formation of large numbers of roots. Also, the callus induced on MT medium containing only 2, 4-D (1mgl-1) was brown in color and of low quality compared to that produced on MT media containing 2, 4-D/BAP. There was no callus formation on MT basal medium without growth regulators. Also, the callogenesis depended on the genotype. It was maximal for Cleopatra mandarin followed by Rangpur lime and Citrus volkameriana , and then Citrus aurantium and trifoliate orange . Conclusion and application : Passing through callus is paramount in vitro selection that plant tissue is an important source of genetic variability. The explants and exogenous phytohormones proved of paramount importance for the success of the callus and the formation of somatic embryos and their development.

IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT AND PROLIFERATION OF RED CURRANT CULTIVAR 'DETVAN'

The objective of this study was to develop in vitro multiplication protocol for use with commercially important red currant cultivar 'Detvan'. Initial explants were successfully established in vitro using mercuric chloride in a concentration of 0.15% as a sterilization solution. The overall rate of contamination was 9.7% only. Most of the uncontaminated explants produced new plants in the form of rosettes with short internodes and small leaves after four weeks in culture. To evaluate the shoot multiplication two different mineral media MS and WPM containing different concentrations of growth regulators were employed. Neither of the used media promoted markedly in vitro shoot formation. On MS medium, the number of newly formed shoots in particular subcultures varied between 1.5 and 2.5. Generally, the highest multiplication rate (2.5) was obtained for 'Detvan' on MS medium with 2 mg L-1 BAP, 0.5 mg L-1 IBA and 0.1 mg L-1 GA3. On MS medium, it was possible to maintain actively growing in vitro shoots during the first six to eight subcultures only. After a total culture period of about 9 months, in vitro plants stopped multiplication and subsequently died out. WPM medium proved to be unsuitable for the proliferation of tested cultivar. Explants on this medium did not multiply and developed symptoms of yellowing or chlorosis.

The effect of growth regulators on the regeneration ability of flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) hypocotyl explants in in vitro culture

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different concentrations of growth regulators on the hypocotyl explants regeneration abilities of flax cultivars (Linum usitatissimum L.). Plant material used in the study was obtained from two flax cultivars: Modran and Selena. Hypocotyl explants were obtained from 6-dayold seedlings and were subsequently placed on basal MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium and MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or naftalene acetic acid (NAA). Final evaluation of the callus, the shoot and the root formation of the explants was performed 28 days after the experimental setup. The highest regeneration effectiveness was observed on the media supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP.

Desinfestação superficial, germinação e regeneração in vitro a partir de sementes de calêndula

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: desenvolver um protocolo de desinfestação superficial de sementes, selecionar uma metodologia de germinação in vitro, avaliar o potencial de regeneração no cultivo in vitro e a influência do tempo de cultivo no tipo de calo formado e na regeneração a partir de calos de calêndula. Para a desinfestação superficial, foram testados diferentes tempos de imersão em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%. Na germinação in vitro, foram testados: imersão em ácido sulfúrico absoluto; imersão em ácido clorídrico absoluto; retirada do tegumento e embebição das sementes; e embebição das sementes sem a retirada do tegumento. Para avaliar o potencial de regeneração in vitro, foram testadas diferentes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e ácido alfa-naftaleno acético (ANA) e tempos de cultivo. A imersão em solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% por 30 minutos aliada à remoção do tegumento promove a germinação in vitro de sementes de calêndula, efetuando uma desinfestação superficial satisfatória. Para a regeneração de partes aéreas e raízes a partir de sementes de calêndula não é necessária a suplementação com fitorreguladores. Na presença de BAP, independentemente da presença ou não de ANA, calos primários induzem à formação de calos esponjosos e friáveis e de calos verdes e rígidos, estes em menor número; na ausência de BAP é induzida a formação de calos pequenos. Calos jovens são mais eficientes em regenerar partes aéreas em calêndula.

Effect of genotype, explant source and medium on in vitro regeneration of tomato

For the present investigations, five cultivars including PKM-1, Moneymaker, Microtom, Micro-MsK and White Cherry of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were selected. The explants cotyledon, hypocotyl and leaf of all the cultivars of tomato were cultured on MS medium fortified with different concentrations of Benzyl amino purine (BAP) (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L)and 0.1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Adventitious shoot buds were induced at the cut ends of the explants after three weeks of culture. Adventitious shoots were induced from hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l IAA (Medium A); 2.0 mg/l BAP+0.1 mg/l IAA (Medium B) and 3.0 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L IAA (Medium C). Of the five genotypes tested, PKM-1 showed highest number of shoots per explant followed by Micro-MSK, Microtom and Money maker on MS medium augmented with different concentrations of growth regulators used (A, B & C). The lowest regeneration efficiency was observed from all the explants used in White Cherry. More number of adventitious shoots was induced from leaf explants compared to cotyledon and hypocotyl explants in all the genotypes of tomato studied. Among the three media tested, medium‘B’ showed superiority in cotyledon and leaf explants compared to medium ‘A’. Whereas medium ‘C’ had shown poor response on regeneration ability of all the explants tested irrespective of genotypes. In vitro rooting was achieved on MS medium augmented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) in all the genotypes. Thus the plant regeneration was found to be influenced by the genotype, explant and type of medium. Key words: Tomato, cotyledon, hypocotyl, leaf, regeneration, plantlet formation

Results Regarding In Vitro Proliferation in Goji (Lycium barbarum)

SUMMARY At the Fruit Research Station of Cluj experiments were done for the in vitro propagation of an important fruit shrub, Lycium barbarum. An experimental series was carried out in which MS basal medium was used, with different concentrations of growth regulators (BAP at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l or Kinetin at 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l. All the variants were gelled with 6 g/l Plant Agar from Duchefa. On these variants the plant material generated callus and growth was inhibited, and the multiplication rate was zero. Another experimental series was carried out, in which Murashige & Skoog 1962 medium with 0.5 mg/l BAP was used, with the pH adjusted to 5.8 and 50 g/l starch was used as gelling agent. 2-node stem fragments were used as microcuttings, 7 pieces/vessel. The inoculi proliferated intensely and after a 2 month culture cycle 191 shoots resulted/vessel (an average of 27.29/plantlet), of which 174 were short, 0.5-2 cm in length and 17 were of 3-4 cm. Because some of the shoots could be fragmented in 2 microcuttings each, 221 microcuttings resulted/vessel, that is, a multiplication rate of 31.57 microcuttings/plantlet.

Optimizing concentrations of growth regulators for in-vitro ginger propagation

Optimizing concentrations of growth regulators forin-vitroginger propagationThe study evaluates the performance of ginger in media containing different concentrations of growth regulators. Twenty-eight different treatment combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) incorporated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium were evaluated for optimal media composition for ginger micropropagation. The combination of 0.05 mgl-1NAA and 4.0 mgl-1BAP gave the highest shoot regeneration rate of 4.25. However, this did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from the result (3.38) from 0.05 mgl-1NAA and 1.0 mgl-1BAP. Considering the performance of the shoot tip explants in media and the need to lower the cost of micropropagation, the latter combination (0.05 mgl-1NAA and 1.0 mgl-1BAP) with 80 percent explant survival, gave an appropriate concentration of growth regulators in media composition for ginger propagation. This combination also supported root development, and perhaps would eliminate the stage ofin vitrorooting.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF BA AND IAA ON MICROPROPAGATION OF Gardenia jasminoides

The goal of this study was to use plant tissue culture technique in vegetative propagation of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) by using single nodes and shoot tips excised from soft cuttings and treated with different concentrations of growth regulators. The results revealed that the use of different disinfistants was highly effective in reducing cultures contamination. The use of mercuric chloride (0.1%, HgCl2) for 10 minutes was very effective in preventing contamination and gave the highest survival percentage (99%). Results at initiation stage revealed that the culture of single nodes of Gardenia on a medium containing 3 mgl-1 BA+ 0.9 mgl-1 IAA gave the best growth response in which highest number of shoots and leaves. At vegetative multiplication stage, the results showed that the medium supplemented by 1.5 and 4.5 mgl-1 BA+ 0.6 mgl-1 IAA gave the highest value of growth length and gave the highest number of shoots per explant. In order to promote the shoots produced at vegetative multiplication stage to root, it was noticed that the treatment of 4 mgl-1 NAA and8 mgl-1 IAA gave the highest percentage of rooting and values of the number and length of roots. Plantlets obtained were transferred to pots and acclimatized with 95 % success.

Seed germination and in vitro plant regeneration of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Parkia biglobosa is an important leguminous forest species which is being threatened of going into extinction in Senegal. To preserve this genetic resource of great economic value, studies on germination were carried out and in vitroconservation option through tissue culture technique was adopted. 100% of germination rate was recorded 2 days after 5 - 6 h of concentrated H2SO4treatments and incubation in a growth chamber at 27±1°C. To improve and raise in vitro vegetative multiplication capacities, different concentrations of growth regulators were added alone or in combination in a MS basal medium. Multiplication rate of 3.08 and 3.29 were obtained, respectively, for apex and cotyledonary nodes in a MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg.L-1 + TIBA 0.1 mg.L-1. For axillary explants, a rate of 3.58 was recorded for the hormonal combination which consisted of BAP 0.5 mg.L-1 + TIBA 0.5 mg.L-1 + AgNO3 0.5 mg.L-1. 41.66% of apex and 58.33% of cotyledonary explants were rooted after 24 h of induction treatment with IBA 2.5mg.L-1 whereas 41.66% of axillary bud explants developed roots after 48 h of induction with NAA 1mg.L-1. During acclimatization achievement, survival rates were respectively 80% for apex and cotyledonary explants and 86.66% for axillary explants. Key words: Parkia biglobosa, scarification, germination, in vitro micropropagation, conservation, genetic resource.

Production of cycloartane triterpene glycosides in shoot cultures of Astragalus sieberi DC.

Shoot tips of the germinated seeds of Astragalus sieberi DC. were cultured on MS-medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L−1 each of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BA) for establishment of shoot cultures. The effect of different concentrations of growth regulators on saponin content was studied and optimised. Saponin content was monitored by HPLC analysis. The most appropriate growth regulator with which to produce the highest content of saponins in shoot cultures was 0.5 mg L−1 each of NAA and BA. The isolated cycloastragenol-3-O-glucoside was identified by spectral analysis and compared with an authentic sample.

Influence of growth regulators and explants on shoot regeneration in carnation

The influence of growth regulators, explants and their interactions on in vitro shoot bud formation from callus was studied in <I>Dianthus caryophyllus</I> L. The leaf and internode explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. The highest callus induction was observed with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). Out of twenty seven shoot regeneration media tested, only 2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or indole acetic acid (IAA) could differentiate calli. The highest average number of shoots was observed with 2 mg/l TDZ and 1 mg/l IAA. Significant differences were observed in calli producing shoots and number of shoots per callus in the explants of leaf and internode. The shoots were elongated and multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and solidified with 1% agar. The shoots were rooted and hardened with 76% survival success in pots after six weeks of transfer to the pots.

Effect of Gamma rays on the textile plantations of parsley plants Petroselinum crispum

This study attained to callus induction from(shoot tips, leaves, hypocotyle and roots) of petroselinum crispum L . plants which produced by non radiation and radiation seeds and explants in solid MS medium with different concentration of growth regulators ( BA+NAA) . the best response observed in forming callus radiation seeds and explants with some doses 'of gamma rays , especially the hypocotyle (0.15and 0.7) K.rad . the best doses of callus growth and durability was 0.3 K.rad , and the high doses of gamma radiation 0.9 K.rad stimulated callusdifferentiation and created also one step regeneration plants , especially the hypocotyle callus.

Plant-growth-promoting compounds produced by two agronomically important strains of Azospirillum brasilense, and implications for inoculant formulation

We evaluated phytohormone and polyamine biosynthesis, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization in two strains (Cd and Az39) of Azospirillum brasilense used for inoculant formulation in Argentina during the last 20 years. Siderophore production and phosphate solubilization were evaluated in a chemically defined medium, with negative results. Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA(3)), and abscisic acid (ABA) production were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethylene, polyamine, and zeatin (Z) biosynthesis were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-fluorescence and -UV), respectively. Phytohormones IAA, Z, GA(3), ABA, ethylene, and growth regulators putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and cadaverine (CAD) were found in culture supernatant of both strains. IAA, Z, and GA(3) were found in all two strains; however, their levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Cd (10.8, 2.32, 0.66 microg ml(-1)). ABA biosynthesis was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Az39 (0.077 microg ml(-1)). Ethylene and polyamine CAD were found in all two strains, with highest production in Cd cultured in NFb plus L-methionine (3.94 ng ml(-1) h(-1)) and Az39 cultured in NFb plus L-lysine (36.55 ng ml(-1) h(-1)). This is the first report on the evaluation of important bioactive molecules in strains of A. brasilense as potentially capable of direct plant growth promotion or agronomic yield increase. Az39 and Cd showed differential capability to produce the five major phytohormones and CAD in chemically defined medium. This fact has important technological implications for inoculant formulation as different concentrations of growth regulators are produced by different strains or culture conditions.