Differences In Visual Perception Research Articles

Computational modeling of age-differences in a visually demanding driving task: vehicle detection

The visual task of detecting an approaching vehicle was modeled with a neurophysiologically motivated computational vision model, the National Automotive Center-visual perception model (NAC-VPM). The scientific literature documenting age-related changes in early vision was reviewed in relationship to the components of the NAC-VPM, and the model was fit to laboratory data from older observers. The model fit the older observers' data adequately, particularly when the data was partitioned into subsets based on viewing conditions. Model fits were compared to calibrations based on younger observers' data. The calibrations based on older observers were substantially different from calibrations based on younger observers, indicating that the model can capture age-related differences in visual perception. When calibrated to the older adults' data, the model successfully predicted conditions under which vehicle detection was particularly difficult for older adults.

Prediction of Color Reproduction for Skin Color Under Different Illuminants Based on Color Appearance Models

In this article, we study a color reproduction method to match the appearance of skin color images on a CRT with a hardcopy under various viewing illuminants. Three color appearance models, von Kries, Fairchild, and CIELAB, were applied to predict color reproduction on a CRT display. The optimum color appearance model to predict color reproduction was estimated by psychophysical experiments based on memory matching. As a result of the experiment, differences in visual perception between skin color patches and facial pattern images are also described.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Sensory Integrative Therapy and Perceptual-Motor Training in Treating Children with Learning Disabilities

This study compared the effect of sensory integration therapy (SI), perceptual-motor training (PM) and no treatment (NT) on the performance of 103 children with learning disabilities and sensory integrative dysfunction, aged 58 to 107 months, who were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups or to no treatment. After receiving a total of 72 1-hour sessions of therapy for 3 hours per week, PM-treated subjects showed significant gains over the other two groups, primarily in gross motor performance. SI-treated subjects showed an advantage in motor planning. There were no accompanying group differences in visual perception, handwriting readiness, copying ability, cognitive, academic, language and attentional skills or in self-concept. These findings demonstrate motor gains resulting from motor treatments without carry-over to functional skills and abilities more directly associated with school performance.

Differences in visual perception for frontal and lateral viewing in the pigeon

Differences in visual perception for frontal and lateral viewing in the pigeon

Two Centrifuge Techniques for Estimating the Carbohydrate and Pigment Status in 6 Genotypes of Corn1

Abstract Two centrifuge techniques were used to estimate some characteristics of kernels of maize (Zea mays L.) with the genes Su, su, su-IL677a, ae du wx, bt2, and sh2. The first technique produced 4 recognizable layers which could be associated with stage of maturity; sugar, water soluble polysaccharides, and starch; and the production of smooth, wrinkled, and shrunken seed. The 2nd technique resulted in the extraction of pigments. Spectrographic analyses suggested that differences in visual perception at different stages of maturity or among genotypes were associated with differences in concentration rather than types of pigments present.

Differences in Visual Perception: The Individual Eye

Differences in Visual Perception: The Individual Eye

Henifield differences in visual perception in deaf and hearing subjects

Verbal and nonverbal stimuli were presented tachistoscopically to two groups of deaf subjects, differentiated on the basis of primary communication mode, and to hearing controls. Hearing subjects exhibited a right visual field superiority for the perception of verbal material, and a left visual field superiority for nonverbal material. Deaf subjects whose communication system is exclusively oral showed a left hemifield advantage for the perception of both types of material, while no differences were found on any of the tasks for deaf subjects whose communication is primarily manual. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for underlying patterns of cerebral differentiation in the deaf.

NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Journal Article NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATIONS Get access Differences in Visual Perception—The Individual Eye. By JULES B. DAVIDOFF. 1975. Pp. 231. London: Granada. Price £10.00. F. W. CAMPBELL F. W. CAMPBELL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 99, Issue 1, March 1976, Page 160, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/99.1.160 Published: 01 March 1976

Can Lateral Asymmetries in Attention Explain Interfield Differences in Visual Perception?

Speed and accuracy in the discrimination of letters pairs and of unknown faces, and in the response to a light patch, have been tested in two groups of subjects. In one group the stimuli were projected either to the fovea or in the right visual field, while in the other group they were presented either to the fovea or in the right visual field, while in the other group they were presented either to the fovea or in the left visual field. In both groups the three classes of stimuli were alternated in an unpredictable order. There was a decrement of speed of response in the peripheral presentations with respect to the central ones for all types of stimuli. However, the decrement was significantly higher in the left field for the letters and in the right field for the faces, while there were no differences between fields for the light patch. These results do not support an interpretation of lateral asymmetries in perception of letter and faces on the basis of selective pre-exposural attentional mechanisms.

Attention and hemispheric differences in reaction time during simultaneous audio-visual tasks.

The effect of different types of competing auditory tasks on laterality differences in visual perception was investigated. Right-handed subjects were presented with digits which occurred randomly in the left or right visual fields. They responded vocally to previously specified digits in a go, no-go reaction time situation. In the absence of any competing auditory task, digits presented in the right visual field were processed more quickly. This visual field difference in reaction time was in the same direction while subjects performed a secondary musical task. However, when a secondary verbal task had to be performed, digits in the left visual field received faster responses. The results support the view that the right hemisphere is capable of some language functions, and that hemispheric differences in performance have at their basis a quantitative asymmetry, which can be reversed even in normal subjects by overloading their limited capacity.

Dual functional hemispheric asymmetry in visual perception: Effects of ocular dominance and postexposural processes

The authors investigated laterality differences in visual perception by assessing the effects of the directional post-exposure scanning movements associated with reading habits, the visual half-field (VHF) in which stimuli were presented, and eye dominance on an immediate recall task. Forty Chinese bilingual subjects (20 right-eye dominant and 20 left-eye dominant) were tested for their recall of forms, Chinese words and English words. The stimuli were projected tachistoscopically in the left and/or right VHFs under conditions of simulataneous and successive presentation. The results demonstrated a right field superiority for verbal stimuli under both conditions and a left field superiority for nonverbal stimuli when presented successively. Right-eyed subjects were better in processing verbal materials and left-eyed subjects were better in the perception and recall of nonverbal materials. The study supported the validity of the psychophysiological model of asymmetrical cerebral functioning and demonstrated the importance of reading habits and eye dominance. The findings were interpreted as preliminary support for Piaget's postulated relationship between perceptual and organic development.

Life-span age differences in visual perception.

16 perceptual measures were administered to 20 males at each of 5 age levels. Analyses of variance indicated significant age differences on 13 of the 16 variables. The young (10–13 yr.) and old (60–83 yr.) age groups performed at a lower level than the other groups on 12 of the 13 variables.

Age and sex performance differences as measured by a new nonverbal visual perceptual test

Six hundred and twenty-three Ss in Grades 1-6 and 11 were tested with a new nonverbal group-administered visual perceptual test, Wolf's Embedded Figures Test. The resuIts indicated school and age differences at the .0001 level, which were virtually unmodified with the effects of IQ removed. Significant sex differences were found on the individually and group-administered versions and were accounted for by common variance with the spatial test, which has been shown to have high hereditary variance. All figures were unique; therefore, practice, as predicted from short- and long-term memory theory, did not reduce the sex differences. The embedded figures test loaded lowest on the factor with high loading on two fluency tests that are associated with creativity or divergent thinking, casting doubt on Witkin's theory. One of the current emphases in education is the adjustment of curriculum to the individual characteristics and abilities of the learner. A new test was developed to measure one of these individual abilities, visual perception. Research was focused on the components that modify the results of different forrns of the test. This test refinement was based on a review of the literature and was guided by current theory. The resuIts of three separate trials of the test are summarized. The reader is referred to Wolf (1969) for a detailed account of this research. BACKGROUND One means of studying differences in visual perception is to put a small picture in a larger more complex picture and have the S try to find it. Witkin (1950) developed such a test by selecting so me figures of Gottschalk's whieh correlated with tests (the rod-and-frame test, the tilting-room test, and the

Difference in Visual Perception and Auditory Discrimination between American Indian and White Kindergarten Children

This study examines difference in the development of visual perception and auditory discrimination skills between Nez Perce Indian children and white children from the general population at the Lupwai public schools at the kindergarten age. Five areas of visual perception were tested with the Developmental Test of Visual Perception, and the ability to recognize differences that exist between the phonemes used in English speech was tested with the Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test. It was found that differences in visual perception and auditory discrimination exist between the Nez Perce Indian child and the white child enrolled in the Lapmi public school kindergarten. It was further concluded that the Net Perce Zndian child was not as prepared as his white cotitemporaries to succeed in reading tasks.

Cognitive styles of visual perception in the evaluation of television systems.

Subjective evaluations of television systems are usually avoided because they involve individual differences that are considered unpredictable and uncontrollable. The psychological concept of visual cognitive styles can lead to measures of individual differences in visual perception and therefore give insight into the nature of the human information-handling system. Evaluation of cognitive styles can therefore provide psychological controls in the interpretation of subjective evaluations of television systems; they may also provide guidance for solutions of the television bandwidth reduction problem.

DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION AND IN VISUAL-MOTOR FUNCTIONING BETWEEN PSYCHOTIC AND NONPSYCHOTIC CHILDREN.

DIFFERENCES IN VISUAL PERCEPTION AND IN VISUAL-MOTOR FUNCTIONING BETWEEN PSYCHOTIC AND NONPSYCHOTIC CHILDREN.

Some studies of perception in relation to age.

A series of experiments to discover extent of age differences in visual perception when temporal integration was required suggested that: Whore displays were simple, performance of different age groups was nearly equal, but with increasing complexity of displays older subjects were relatively increasingly slow in making correct identifications. With complex displays there was a relationship between degree of correct identification and (a) cumulative viewing time; (b) amount of display seen at one moment, such that an increase in both led to a greater improvement in performance of older subjects than an increase in either time or amount alone. Given a sufficient increase, performance of older subjects equalled that of younger. greater difficulty of older subjects with complex material appeared to be due mainly to greater amount of temporal integration required with such material.