Ethylenediamine Research Articles

Dual-Ligand Ruthenium Coordination Polymer-Derived Self-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescent Emitters for Sensitive Detection of Procalcitonin.

Ru-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) coordination polymers are widely employed for bioanalysis and medical diagnosis. However, commonly used Ru-based coordination polymers face the limitation of low efficiency due to the long distance between the ECL reagent and the coreactant dispersed in detecting solution. Herein, we report a dual-ligand self-enhanced ECL coordination polymer, composed of tris(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru(dcbpy)32+) as ECL reactant ligand and ethylenediamine (EDA) as corresponding coreactant ligand into Zn2+ metal node, termed Zn-Ru-EDA. Zn-Ru-EDA shows excellent ECL performance which is attributed to the effective intramolecular electron transport between the two ligands. Furthermore, the dual-ligand polymer allows an anodic low excitation potential (+1.09 V) luminescence. The shift in the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) upward after the synthesis of the Zn-Ru-EDA has resulted in a reduced excitation potential. The low excitation potential reduced biomolecular damage and the destruction of the modified electrodes. The ECL biosensor has been constructed using Zn-Ru-EDA with high ECL efficiency for the ultrasensitive detection of a bacterial infection and sepsis biomarker, procalcitonin (PCT), in the range from 1.00 × 10-6 to 1.00 × 10 ng·mL-1 with outstanding selectivity, and the detection limit was as low as 0.47 fg·mL-1. Collectively, the dual-ligand-based self-enhanced polymer may provide an ideal strategy for high ECL efficiency improvement as well as designing new self-enhanced multiple-ligand-based coordination in sensitive biomolecular detection for early disease diagnostics.

Uncovering fabrication approach impact on photocatalytic ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic degradation of brookite TiO2

Solar-driven antibiotic degradation by semiconductor photocatalysis technique offers a promising route to tackle with the environmental issue we are currently facing. Herein, three kinds of brookite TiO2, TiO2-Glycerol (GL)/NaOH (OH−), TiO2-Ethylene glycol (EG)/Ethylenediamine (EDA), and TiO2- Ethylene glycol (EG)/NaOH (OH−), are prepared by changing fabrication approaches from as-prepared two different Ti-polyol precursors. The composition and structure of the above brookite nanocrystals is studied in detail, and the effects of different synthesis methods on their optical properties, surface areas and wettability, and photocatalytic degradation activities are discussed. The photocatalytic ciprofloxacin (CIP) remediation evaluation shows that the TiO2-EG/EDA enriched amine group confirmed by FTIR and XPS measurements has the highest dark adsorption as well as subsequent photocatalytic degradation activities compare with the other two types of brookite. Subsequently, the unveiling on how the TiO2-EG/EDA effectively degrades the CIP molecules is achieved. Indeed, on the basis of a series of characterizations, the good CIP adsorption capacity resulted from the weakest hydrophilicity, the largest specific surface area, the unique chemisorption effect by surface amine group, combining with the smallest band gap, the fastest photogenerated charge transport speed, the longest photogenerated electron lifetime and the most active sites, contribute to the rapid degradation of CIP upon the TiO2-EG/EDA. In addition, the CIP degradation pathway is proposed by HRMS analysis, and the EPI suite program predicts the intermediate molecules have no biotoxicity for the environment. It is expected this work could provide useful reference for highly-efficient photocatalytic antibiotics-degradation in terms of experimental design and materials fabrication.

Influence of Smart Fertilizer on Yield and Economics of Cowpea

The extent of agricultural land under cultivation is diminishing continuously as a result of improper over use of fertilizer leads to environmental contamination and productivity of land is also become diminished. Nonetheless, in order to fulfill the rising population's nutritional needs as well as those of the developing industry, agricultural production must be enhanced. Smart fertilizers like Nano fertilizers are the new technologies to enhance the nutrient use efficiency them by improving crop yield in sustainable manner. Nano-fertilizers are the Nano-particles-based fertilizers, where supply of the nutrients is made precisely for maximum plant growth, have higher use efficiency, exploiting plant unavailable nutrients in the rhizosphere and can be delivered on real time basis into the rhizosphere or by foliar spray. Pulses are gaining more important position in Indian agriculture. But the average productivity of pulses is pulses in India (764 kg ha-1) is far below the average productivity of the world (848 kg ha-1). Basally applied nutrients are lost over time, thus applying important fertilizer to cowpeas during their critical growth is a effective strategy to enhance their yield. Especially smart fertilizers like Nano Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Zinc - Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (Zn EDTA) are very helpful in that. Therefore, the field experiment was done in the School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Gandhi gram Rural Institute, Gandhi gram, Tamil Nadu during January 2024 to April 2024 to assess the impact of Nano DAP and Zn EDTA on growth and yield of cowpea. There were seven treatments with three replications that were laid out in RBD. Among the different treatments, RDF 50% P, 100% NK + Seed treatment and two foliar spray 0.2% of Nano DAP + Foliar spray of 3% Zn EDTA (T7) was achieved a supremely improved growth parameters and yield attributes and yield. Experimental results clearly revealed that RDF 50% P, 100% NK + Seed treatment and two foliar spray 0.2% of Nano DAP + Foliar spray of 3% Zn EDTA(T7) has recorded the highest grain yield of 1720 kg ha-1 and BCR of 3.25.

A Cobalt(II) based coordination architecture for efficient colorimetric sensing of ammonia and amine vapors

This work presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of a new cobalt (II) based coordination architecture, {[Co(toua)(4,4′-bpy)].2H2O}n (1); where toua is 3,6,9-trioxaundecanaote and 4,4′-bpy is 4,4′-bipyridine tailored for efficient sensing of ammonia and amines. The formation and identity of 1 was confirmed by elemental analysis, spectroscopic study (FTIR and UV–visible spectroscopy), PXRD, XPS, FESEM, and BET analysis. The colorimetric sensing capability of 1 towards ammonia and various smaller-sized amines in the vapor phase through observable color changes is explored in this study. Their interaction with 1 is elucidated through FTIR, UV–Visible and Fluorescence spectroscopy, FESEM, and TCSPC analysis. The fluorescence sensing experiments demonstrate a remarkable quenching/enhancement effect with the addition of ammonia and various amines, showcasing the compound’s sensitivity and selectivity. The quenching/enhancement efficiency follows the order: NH3>Ethylenediamine (EDA)>1,3-diaminopropane (DAP)>n-propylethylenediamine (n-PEDA), following the molecular dimensions and steric hindrance surrounding nitrogen atoms. Hydrogen bonds and host-guest interactions, including (C–H)pyridinium⋅⋅⋅N interactions, are identified as the driving forces for the sensing process. Additionally, the paper reveals a rare occurrence of both “turn-off” and “turn-on” sensing behavior for the same compound, showcasing its versatility. The calculated RSD for the fluorometric sensor was found to be 1.03 % calculated from its triplicate readings at 240 nm. Limits of detection (LODs) and Limit of Quantification (LOQs) for NH3 (0.52 μM, and 1.74 μM) EDA (1.2 μM, and 4.2 μM), DAP (3.1 μM, and 10.5 μM), and n-PEDA (3.3 μM, and 11.2 μM) respectively) underscore the effective sensing capabilities of 1. The robustness of 1 upon exposure to amines was confirmed by PXRD. These findings justify that 1 is a promising vaporchromic probe for the fast and selective detection of ammonia and amines.

Synthesis of nanostructured zinc oxide and its composite with carbon dots for DSSCs applications using flexible electrode

ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs), ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and carbon dots (C-dots) were synthesized by hydrothermal, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods respectively. They were also characterized and applied for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effects of C-dots on ZnO NWs and ZnO NPs have been evaluated. The C-dots were used at a mole ratio of citric acid (CA) to ethylene diamine (EDA) of 1 : 1.5. These C-dots were found to enhance the performance of the flexible electrode DSSCs. After the addition of C-dots, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ZnO NPs was boosted to be two times higher than that of ZnO NPs DSSCs without C-dots. Similarly, the ultraviolet (UV)-band revealed a blue shift, resulting in a lower band gap and a reduced charge transfer resistance, which can enhance the PCE of DSSCs. The loaded quantity on the flexible electrode substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was optimized (50 mg). For DSSCs, the PET flexible electrode conductive polymer has produced positive outcomes. For ZnO NWs and ZnO NWs@C-dots, the PCE values were 1.45% and 4.25%; while for ZnO NPs and ZnO NPs@C-dots, they were 2.34% and 5.81%, respectively. This work achieved remarkable and competitive performance when compared to solid (indium tin oxides/glass)-based substrate.

Development of a nanozyme-based electrochemical catalyst for real-time biomarker sensing of superoxide and nitric oxide anions released from living cells and exogenous donors

Developing quantitative biosensors of superoxide (O2•−) and nitric oxide (NO) anion is crucial for pathological research. As of today, the main challenge for electrochemical detection is to develop high-selectivity nano-mimetic materials to replace natural enzymes. In this study, the dendritic-like morphological structure of silver organic framework (Ag-MOF) was successfully synthesized via a solvothermal strategy. Owing to the introduction of polymeric composites results in improved electrical conductivity and catalytic activity, which promotes mass transfer and leads to faster electron efficiency. For monitoring the electrochemical signals of O2•− and NO, the Ag-MOF electrode substrate was produced by drop-coating, and composites were designed by cyclic voltammetric potential cycles. The designed electrode substrates demonstrate high sensitivity, wide linear concentrations of 1 nM–1000 μM and 1 nM–850 μM, and low detection limits of 0.27 nM and 0.34 nM (S/N = 3) against O2•− and NO. Aside from that, the sensor successfully monitored the cellular release of O2•−, and NO from HepG2 and RAW 264.7 living cells and has the potential to monitor exogenous NO release from donors of Diethylamine (DEA)-NONOate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Additionally, the developed system was applied to the analysis of O2•− and NO in real biological fluid samples, and the results were good satisfactory (94.10–99.57 ± 1.23%). The designed system provides a novel approach to obtaining a good electrochemical biosensor platform that is highly selective, stable, and flexible. Finally, the proposed method provides a quantitative way to follow the dynamic changes in O2•− and NO in biological systems.

Si-doped carbonized polymer dot as robust hydrophilic coating using for high efficiency antifogging

Hydrophilic coating can prevent surface from fogging but its application is limited by low mechanical performance. In this study, a hydrophilic coating was prepared by crosslinking the Si-doped carbonized polymer dot (Si-CPD) with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and ethylene oxide (EO). The hydrophilic coating can be used as robust hydrophilic anti-fogging coating. The Si-CPD derived from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and aminopropyl oligosiloxanes (APOS) was successfully prepared via one-step hydrothermal method. Then, a resin solution was prepared by mixing Si-CPD, GPTMS and EO. Epoxy group of GPTMS and EO can react with amino group of Si-CPD. Finally, a composite coating with antifogging function can be obtained by simple heating curing. Due to the introduction of hydroxyl which derived from EO, the coating shows excellent antifogging performance. Meanwhile, the presence of inorganic component endows the coating with outstanding mechanical performance. The coating has great potential in related applications, such as optical lenses, mirrors and other transparency substrates.

Graphene Oxide Enhanced Monoethanolamine and Ethylenediamine Nanofluids for Efficient Carbon Dioxide Uptake from Flue Gas.

The addition of nanoparticles in amine solutions to produce a stable amine-based nanofluid provides a high surface area for absorption and improves the absorption rate. In this work, nanofluids were prepared by dispersing graphene oxide (GO) in monoethanolamine (MEA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) solutions for adsorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) to further improve their absorption performance by providing more reaction sites on the GO framework. GO was synthesized using the modified Hummers method and characterized for physicochemical properties using SEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman analysis, and TGA. The FTIR spectra for the GO nanoparticles before absorption showed peaks attributed to C-C, H-C, and C-O bonding. After the absorption experiments, the FTIR spectra of GO showed peaks due to C-O-NH2, N-O-N, and N-H bonding. The BET analysis further confirmed the decrease in the surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of the GO recovered from the nanofluids after the CO2 experiment, indicating an interaction between GO and amine molecules. The absorption process of CO2 by the nanofluid was performed in a custom-made pressure chamber whereby the CO2 gas was in direct contact with the absorption fluids. The obtained adsorption rate constant (k) for the reaction between CO2 and 30% MEA and EDA solutions was 0.113 and 0.131, respectively. Upon addition of 0.2 mg/mL GO in the base solution, k increased to 0.16854 and 0.17603 for the MEA and EDA nanofluids, respectively. The proposed mechanism involves GO nanoparticles interacting with the amine groups through the oxygen-rich groups of GO. This results in the formation of a zwitterion that readily reacts with CO2, resulting in a carbamate.

Influence of ethylene diamine functionalized waste plastic derived reduced graphene oxide as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of low‐density polyethylene

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) was prepared from waste plastic using the two steps pyrolysis method and subsequently functionalized with ethylene diamine (EDA) to develop amino‐functionalized rGO (EDA‐rGO). To make the thermal and mechanical properties more proficient, EDA‐rGO was further incorporated as a nanofiller into a low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix using the melt mixing method followed by hot‐pressing. A variety of analytical methods, such as FT‐IR, XRD, XPS, DSC, TGA, DMA, Raman spectroscopy, and HRTEM, were used to characterize the elements and morphology of rGO and EDA‐rGO. The results showed that the addition of 5 wt% EDA‐rGO to LDPE polymers significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties, such as storage modulus by 62%, loss modulus by 67%, young's modulus by 123%, tensile strength by 79.83%, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperatures of 5%, 10% and 50% were increased by 14.01, 9.34, and 4.8°C, respectively. This study provides a feasible and ecologically sustainable way of repurposing plastic waste concurrently enhancing the properties of polymer composites.Highlights Synthesis & functionalization of rGO from waste plastic using EDA. EDA‐rGO used as a nanofiller to fabricate LDPE polymer nanocomposites. EDA‐rGO enhanced the thermal stability of LDPE nanocomposites. The tensile strength & modulus of the LDPE composites are greatly improved. The storage, loss modulus, Tm and Tc enhanced by 62%, 67%, 4.4°C & 2.6°C.

Synthesis, bioactivity and molecular docking of novel coumarin-quinolinamide containing monocyclic monoterpenes as potential SDH inhibitors

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) are widely used in plant antifungal agents. To break the barrier of resistance, a series of new coumarin-quinolinamide SDHI derivatives containing monocyclic monoterpenes were designed and synthesized using natural camphor or natural menthol as lead compounds, and their structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. In vitro antifungal activity test results showed that the target compounds had inhibitory activity against most plant pathogenic fungi, especially against Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae, which was superior to other fungi. Among them, compounds 11t and 12t showed better inhibitory effects on Rhizoctonia solani than the commercial fungicide tricyclazole, with EC50 of 16.90 mg/L and 27.09 mg/L, respectively. Based on this, the detached leaf assay was used to further explore the in vivo therapeutic and preventive effects of compounds 11t and 12t on rice sheath blight in plants. The results of the antifungal activity test in vivo showed that compound 11t was slightly better than the positive control, while compound 12t was close to the control effect of azoxystrobin. More importantly, the more bioactive compounds 11t and 12t did not affect the germination of cowpea seeds and also did not affect the growth of normal human hepatocytes and kidney cells. Molecular docking experiments showed that the introduction of the diethylamino group could promote the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atom on the amide bond of the target compound and residue Tyr91, and compounds 11t and 12t had smaller free energy between the amino acid residue, which would enhance the antifungal activity of the compounds. These studies proved the potential value of this series of compounds for the study of novel amide-based SDHI fungicides.

Vacancy controlled MoSSe/MnSe heterostructure show boosting activities in photoelectrochemical and electrocatalytic hydrogen production

There are many factors that affect the activity of catalyst, such as the absorption capacity of catalyst itself, carrier separation, active site and surface transfer efficiency. In the study of this paper, two main influencing factors of catalyst are considered. One is that the electronic band structure determines the carrier separation and transport efficiency; the other is surface chemical state affects the active sites. A vacancy controlled MoSSe/MnSe heterojunction catalyst was demonstrated: MoSSe formed a type II heterojunction with MnSe, allowing photo generated carriers to move between the conduction and valence bands of the two semiconductors, thereby improving separation efficiency. Under the optimized MnSe composite ratio, MSMS3 exhibited a photocurrent density of up to −7.153 mA/cm2 at 0 V vs RHE, which is 5.2 times that of the MoSSe. In addition, the catalyst was further treated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Due to the weak binding between Mn and Se, a large number of Mn atoms detach and form many Mn vacancies (VMn) on the catalyst surface due to the complexation effect of EDTA. These vacancies provide a large number of active sites, reduce of the adsorption energy barrier for H* which greatly enhancing the activity of the catalyst in hydrogen evolution reactions. Compared with the original MoSSe (overpotential 476 mV, Tafel slope 216 mV/dec), the overpotential of the vacancy catalyst MSMS3v is reduced to 197 mV with a Tafel slope of 77 mV/dec. This work demonstrates a novel catalyst regulation strategy.

Multicolor Anti‐counterfeiting Strategy and Synchronous High Capacity Storage Based on Acidochromic Organic Fluorescent Materials

Comprehensive SummaryMany industries are plagued by economic losses and product failures caused by counterfeit goods. Therefore, advanced anti‐counterfeiting techniques are continuously needed. In this study, we constructed a series of acid‐base sensitive cyclic chalcone dyes A—F by modifying different electron‐donating groups. Differences in acid sensitivity of different structures are well rationalised by NMR and theoretical calculations. Aniline is difficult to protonate than fatty amines, so there is a difference in fluorescence. Hiding and anti‐counterfeiting of information is achieved by this phenomenon. Powder X and Y are the anti‐counterfeit fluorescent powder containing montmorillonite and cyclic chalcone, which have orange fluorescence and the very similar appearance. However, under the influence of acid the Powder X containing triphenylamine modified cyclic chalcone shows red shifted fluorescence and Powder Y containing morpholino and diethylamino groups modified cyclic chalcone shows blue shifted fluorescence. Therefore, the anti‐counterfeiting strategy based on cyclic chalcone is not only limited to UV‐irradiated fluorescence development, but also has more colorization and pattern variations with the aid of acid developer. Data encryption and decryption of numbers, English alphabets and Chinese characters have been realized using A—F, which have great potential for practical applications.

Exploring the Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of Beta-Thalassemia Trait: A Comprehensive Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital Setting.

Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common inherited hematological diseases caused by more than 350 mutations in the β-globingene (HBB). Beta-thalassemia carrier or trait is associated with defects in one allele of the HBB gene. The majority of beta-thalassemia trait cases remain concealed in society and remain unnoticed as they are mostly asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms of anemia. There is a 25% chance of having children with beta-thalassemia major and a 50% chance of having carrier babies when two people with beta-thalassemia trait are married. Hence, it is important to identify the individuals with beta-thalassemia trait and provide counseling to understand the risks of pregnancy and its outcome. Aim To study the identification of beta-thalassemia trait cases along with their clinical findings and hematological correlation. Materials and methods Study Design This was a retrospective study conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospitalfor a period of four years from January 2020 to December 2023. Inclusion Criteria Age group more than 18 years, antenatal mother, cases of anemia who were refractory to iron treatment, and screening of family members in the positive cases of beta-thalassemia trait. Exclusion Criteria History of blood transfusion within three months was excluded. Data Collection A total number of 837 cases were screened to rule out the presence of beta-thalassemia trait/hemoglobin (Hb) variants. A 2 mL of intravenous blood samples were collected in an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) vacutainer tube and processed in a Sysmex XN 1000 (Hyogo, Japan: Sysmex Corporation)automated hematology analyzer. The hematological parameters were analyzed. Statistical Analysis The study included both descriptive and analytical characteristics. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for all the hematological parameters. Beta-thalassemia trait was diagnosed with an HbA2 level of more than 4.0% through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results Among the 837 samples studied for HPLC screening, 74 (8.8%) cases were found to have beta-thalassemia trait. The age group included was from 18 years to 56 years. Of 74 cases studied, 32(43%) were females and 42(57%) were males. Among the 74 cases studied, the Mentzer index <13 was seen in 58 (78%) cases and the Mentzer index >13 was seen in 16 cases (22%). Thirty-four cases (46%) of beta-thalassemia traits presented to the hospital with a history of fever for evaluation and antenatal screening accounted for 19 cases (26%). The mean red blood cell (RBC) count was 5.5 million/cu.mm; mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 63.8 fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was 19.6 pg; red cell distribution width coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) was 17.8%. Among the 74 cases studied, 37(46%) cases had an Hb of more than 11 g/dL, 22 cases had mild anemia, 12 cases had moderate anemia, and three cases had severe anemia. Conclusion This study concluded that regular monitoring of the Mentzer index along with HPLC analysis is an effective approach in identifying beta-thalassemia trait cases and further providing genetic counseling among the couples that will help in reducing high-risk pregnancy and the birth of a child with thalassemia major.

Synthesis of Schiff Base through the Condensation Reaction Between Cellulose Dialdehyde with Ethylenediamine and Aniline as Well as Antibacterial Activity Test

Schiff base was created using a condensation reaction involving Ethylene diamine or Aniline and dialdehyde cellulose (DAC), which was obtained by oxidizing α-cellulose with sodium periodate as the oxidizing agent. The cellulose dialdehyde was identified through qualitative analysis, which involved observing the formation of a brick red sediment during the Fehling test and a rise in solubility in water. Additionally, the presence of an aldehyde group was confirmed by analyzing the FT-IR spectrophotometer data, which showed a peak at a wave number of 1635.64 cm-1. The synthesized dialdehyde cellulose has an oxidation degree of 80.9% and a carbonyl level of 10.36%. The Schiff base was analyzed using an FT-IR spectrophotometer, which revealed peaks at wave numbers 1635.64 cm-1 and 1604.77 cm-1. These peaks suggest the creation of a Schiff base bond (C=N) resulting from the condensation of the amine group from Ethylene diamine and Aniline with the aldehyde group from DAC. The antibacterial activity of Schiff bases was evaluated using the disc plate diffusion method. The Schiff base resulting from the condensation of DAC with Ethylenediamine at concentrations of 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45% was tested against S.aureus and E.coli. Clear zones of inhibition were seen, indicating the antibacterial effect. The Schiff base resulting from the condensation of DAC with Aniline at concentrations of 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.45% showed clear zone diameters of 6.9 mm, 9 mm, and 12.5 mm against S.aureus and 7 mm, 12.5 mm, and 13 mm against E.coli. The clear zone diameters in a row were 10 mm, 10.8 mm, and 20.1 mm against S.aureus and 10.5 mm, 14.6 mm, and 17.1 mm against E.coli. The condensation of dialdehyde cellulose with ethylene diamine and Aniline leads to Schiff base formation. This Schiff base has antibacterial characteristics that are effective against S.aureus and E.coli.

Recycling of Polydicyclopentadiene Enabled with N-Coordinated Boronic EsterBonds.

In this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N-coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N",N"-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N-coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron-withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as-obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds.

Bone‐Targeting and Multishelled Oral Eldecalcitol Nanoparticles Improve Osteoporosis by Reconstruction of Osteogenic‐Osteoclastic Homeostasis

AbstractCurrent treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) focuses on systemic administration of medication, neglecting to proactively modulate the local microenvironment of skeletal system for superior therapeutic performance. Eldecalcitol (ED‐71), a novel drug for treating osteoporosis, still requires research to overcome high‐frequency delivery and low‐utilization. Here, a bone‐targeting and multishelled nanoparticles are developed for step‐wise release of ED‐71. The nanoparticles are achieved by using the chitosan/alginate outer layer as protective barrier against gastric acid, pectin middle layer as adhesive agent that improved intestinal penetration, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid‐grafted mesoporous silica nanomaterials core as bone‐targeting nanocarriers. After oral administration, the ED‐71‐loaded nanoparticles (ME‐ED‐71@PCA) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, and inhibits the osteoclast differentiation. ME‐ED‐71@PCA improves bone mass in ovariectomized‐mice by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, and the efficacy is more pronounced than ED‐71 alone. ME‐ED‐71@PCA exhibits satisfactory therapeutic performance due to its step‐wise drug release and bone‐targeting compared to ED‐71 administration, providing a new approach to re‐establish bone metabolic homeostasis in PMOP.

Highly Sensitive Diethylamine Detection at Room Temperature Using g-C3N4 Nanosheets Decorated with CuO Hollow Polyhedral Structures.

Chemiresistive-based metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors are widely used in gas sensing due to their advantageous properties. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and metal oxide heterostructure materials can improve charge transport properties, selectivity, and sensitivity in MOS gas sensor materials. Herein, for the first time, CuO hollow polyhedral structures (HPSs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal technique and annealed at different temperatures, with the 400 °C annealed (CuO-400 HPSs) demonstrating remarkable sensing capabilities for diethylamine (DEA) gas at room temperature (RT). The x-g-C3N4 nanosheets were decorated with CuO HPSs in varying amounts (x = 0.8, 1.8, 2.1, and 3.1 wt %) and then annealed at 400 °C for x-g-C3N4-CuO-400 hollow polyhedral heterostructures (HPHSs). Indeed, among the synthesized samples, the 1.8%-g-C3N4-CuO-400 HPHSs have a higher sensitivity to DEA (resistance change in gas (Rg) and air (Ra); Rg/Ra= 65 @ 20 ppm), a low detection limit (Rg/Ra= 6 @ 500 ppb), wide dynamic response (Rg/Ra= 190 @ 80 ppm), strong stability (30 days), and 21.6 times higher sensitivity than pure CuO at RT toward 20 ppm of DEA. The exceptional gas-sensing behavior can be attributed to various factors, including controlled annealing conditions that result in the formation of well-defined structures and greater porosity, efficient charge transfer properties resulting from an optimized ratio of g-C3N4 to CuO in HPHSs, an abundance of defects, unsaturated Cu sites, and synergistic effects. The study presents a universal strategy for generating sensitive and selective g-C3N4-based composite materials for low-temperature gas sensors.

Non‐isocyanate polyurethane‐acrylate as UV‐ and thermo‐responsive plasticizer for thermoplastic elastomer

AbstractA UV‐ and thermo‐responsive polyurethane‐acrylate prepolymer was synthesized from palm olein (POo) via a non‐isocyanate route. The process included epoxidation of POo, carbonation of epoxidized palm olein (EPOo) into polycyclic carbonate in a solvent‐free and mild condition (100°C, 1 atm), followed by reacting with ethylene diamine and acrylic acid. The chemical structure of the non‐isocyanate polyurethane‐acrylate (NIPUA) prepolymer was elucidated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while weight average molecular weight of NIPUA was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The NIPUA (0–20 wt%) was incorporated with thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as a plasticizer and cured under UV light and thermal stimulations. The cured NIPUA/TPE films were characterized by FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile strength test. Under UV and thermal stimulations, the NIPUA/TPE demonstrated enhanced tensile properties (elongation at break &gt;1280%, Young's modulus ~25 MPa), thermal properties (lower Tg), lower water contact angle, and shortened curing time as compared with the blank TPE. The 20 wt% NIPUA/TPE films exhibited susceptibility to enzymatic biodegradation and noncytotoxic to HEK 293 cells in vitro, demonstrated it's potential as a UV‐ and thermo‐responsive plasticizer for TPE in manufacturing of medical devices.

An N-Rich Polymer for the Selective Recovery of Gold from Wastewater.

The recovery of valuable gold from wastewater is of great interest because of the widespread use of the precious metal in various fields and the pollution generated by gold-containing wastes in water. In this paper, a water-insoluble cross-linked adsorbent material (TE) based on cyanuric chloride (TCT) and ethylenediamine (EDA) was designed and used for the adsorption of Au(III) from wastewater. It was found that TE showed extremely high selectivity (D = 49,213.46) and adsorption capacity (256.19 mg/g) for Au(III) under acidic conditions. The adsorption rate remained above 90% eVen after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting that physical adsorption with a multilayer molecular overlay dominates. Meanwhile, the adsorption mechanism was obtained by DFT calculation and XPS analysis, and the adsorption mechanism was mainly the electrostatic interaction and electron transfer between the protonated N atoms in the adsorbent (TE) and AuCl4-, which resulted in the redox reaction. The whole adsorption process was the result of the simultaneous action of physical and chemical adsorption. In conclusion, the adsorbent material TE shows great potential for gold adsorption and recovery.

Hydrogen-rich syngas upgrading via CO2 adsorption by amine-functionalized Cu-BTC: the effect of different amines.

Syngas produced from supercritical water gasification typically contain a high amount of CO2 along with H2. In order to improve the quality of syngas, amine-functionalized copper benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC) was synthesized as an effective adsorbent for selective removal of CO2 from syngas to increase the concentration of H2. The amines used in this study included monoethanolamine (MEA), ethylenediamine (EDA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The fundamental physicochemical character of adsorbents, CO2 adsorption capacity, and CO2/H2 selectivity were analyzed. The physicochemical characterization indicated that the structure of amine-functionalized Cu-BTC was partially damaged, which resulted in a decrease in specific surface area and pore volume. On the other hand, the enlarged pore size was beneficial for the mass transfer of gas in the adsorbent. Among these adsorbents, Cu-BTC/PEI exhibited the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.83mmol/g and the highest CO2/H2 selectivity of 19.74. It was found that the adsorption pressure is the most significant factor for the CO2 adsorption capacity. Lower temperature and higher pressure were favored for CO2 adsorption capacity and CO2/H2 selectivity, so physical adsorption by Cu-BTC played a dominant role. Moreover, Cu-BTC/PEI can be well-regenerated with stable adsorption efficiency after five consecutive cycles. These findings suggested that Cu-BTC/PEI could be a promising alternative adsorbent for CO2 capture from syngas.