Diesel Pumps Research Articles

Puzzlingly Low Utilization of Solar Irrigation Pumps by Smallholders in Nepal Undermines Cost-Effectiveness

Abstract Solar Powered Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) hold substantial potential for low carbon irrigation expansion, particularly where affordable electricity is limited. In contrast to diesel-based irrigation, which carries steep fuel costs, irrigation by SIPs requires zero marginal costs, but high initial investments. This makes their competitiveness with diesel pumps highly dependent on the temporal frequency of their usage. Using unique and detailed data on SIP usage by smallholders in Nepal, we show SIP usage frequency is low, making it financially competitive with Diesel for only a small fraction of farmers. We analyze characteristics of farmers who make low/high usage of the SIP, and explore potential explanations for the puzzling low level of SIP use.

Photovoltaic pumping tests: A novel supervision method for photovoltaic water pumping systems

Water pumps powered by photovoltaic energy, often named ‘photovoltaic water pumping systems’ (PVWPS), offer a promising solution for improving water access in developing regions. Regular pumping tests are essential for characterizing boreholes and ensuring sustainable groundwater extraction. Traditionally, these tests are conducted only at the time of PVWPS installation using diesel pumps. However, since PVWPS typically have a lifespan of around 20 years, the borehole's condition may change over time, necessitating ongoing testing. To overcome this challenge, this article presents a novel method for conducting pumping tests using the PVWPS's own photovoltaic modules as the power source, greatly simplifying regular borehole monitoring over the PVWPS's lifespan. This approach improves the long-term technical sustainability of PVWPS. By eliminating the need for diesel generators, it reduces also costs, emissions, and logistical complexity while ensuring continuous water supply during testing. The principle and protocol for these proposed tests are outlined, as well as the key indicators for analysis. Furthermore, the associated costs and benefits are thoroughly explored. The proposed method is applied to a PVWPS in a village in Burkina Faso. This PVWPS has 750 Wp of photovoltaic modules, a 10 m³ water tank, and a 56 m borehole. Results show that the photovoltaic pumping tests allow to accurately determine borehole parameters, achieving a model fit with an average R2 of 0.99. Additionally, a photovoltaic pumping test costs $43, which is significantly lower than standard pumping tests: a multiple step drawdown test costs $511 and a long pumping test costs $2050. Moreover, the proposed photovoltaic pumping tests can prevent premature replacements of PVWPS components, leading to significant savings. While demonstrated in a specific context, this method is transferable to other systems, offering potential benefits for companies, local authorities, governments, and NGOs involved in the development and maintenance of PVWPS in rural areas.

A place in the sun: Farmers' co-benefits from solar irrigation in Bangladesh

Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) are gradually replacing diesel pumps in relatively water-intensive agricultural production systems and geographies to reduce carbon emissions from food systems. However, beyond its climate change mitigation potential and fulfillment of Nationally Determined Contributions commitments, the adoption of solar irrigation also has direct co-benefits for farmers. Taking the case of Bangladesh and anchored on primary data collected among solar and diesel pump users, this article analyses the role access to solar irrigation has on household and farm-level outcomes. The propensity score matching and inverse probability matching approaches identify a positive effect of SIP access on food security and profitability from dry-season paddy for adopters. Different transmission channels are explored to explain these co-benefits. Lower costs of irrigation and labor are identified as the strongest pathways. This analysis strengthens the case for investments toward the solarization of agriculture in developing countries where it delivers significant development co-benefits in addition to climate change mitigation benefits. The valuation of the farmers' co-benefits, along with global climate mitigation impacts, also highlights the potential role of such programs toward climate justice.

Prospects of Solar Pump for Irrigation and Household Applications for Climate Resilience in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a climate vulnerable and agricultural country. Coastal region of Bangladesh is severely affected by climate change. To mitigate climate, change a solar pump of flow rate 180 liter per minute was designed and tested in farmers’ fields of Kalapara and Galachipa Upazila (sub-district) of Patuakhali district, Barguna Sadar and Amtali Upazila of Barguna district and Char Fasson and Lalmohon Upazila of Bhola district in the coastal region of Bangladesh for irrigating in high value crops like tomato and brinjal using pond/canal water. One solar pump was installed in each Upazila of off-grid area in 2018 and experiments were conducted during 2018-2021. Each solar pump was operated with 1300 Wp photovoltaic panels and the panels were also used for supplying electricity to home appliances and home water supply when the irrigation time was over. In farmers’ fields, water saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation were conducted. The water savings from drip and alternate furrow irrigation methods over famers’ practice (every furrow irrigation) for tomato were 48.79% and 30.39% and those for brinjal were 47% and 35%, respectively. The benefit cost ratio of the demonstrated solar PV system was found to be 1.62 which was higher than low lift diesel pump (1.30). A small solar pump of 0.8 kW reduced 1.76 ton of carbon emission per year than a similar diesel engine operated pump. The farmers in the project areas are using the solar panels for irrigation, lightings, operating fans, supplying drinking water, sanitation and other purposes. Therefore, solar pump is an environment friendly and climate resilient technology with multiple benefits for small holder farmers in the coastal region of Bangladesh.

Feasibility analysis of photovoltaic systems for kiwifruit irrigation: A case study in Shaanxi province, China

AbstractAlthough photovoltaic (PV) irrigation systems are widely used in China, feasibility assessment of these systems is important because of differences in the distribution characteristics of solar resources and crops. In this study, kiwifruit planting in Shaanxi province was considered, and a calculation model for PV irrigation system evaluation was developed. Based on the geographical distribution of kiwifruit planting, as well as the spatial and temporal distributions of solar energy in Shaanxi province, the application potential of PV irrigation for kiwifruit was investigated comprehensively from the perspectives of technology, economy and irrigation feasibility. The results showed that the proportion of the PV module scale to the irrigation scale in all the kiwifruit planting areas in Shaanxi province was far less than 1.5%, and there were no technical obstacles. In Baoji, Weinan, Hanzhong and Ankang, the annual cost of the PV irrigation system was greater than that of the diesel pump irrigation system. Regarding irrigation feasibility, farmlands with a slope of 0%–8.75% were considered highly suitable for installing a PV irrigation system. The results revealed 32,269 ha of farmland appropriate for PV irrigation among the 66,371 ha of kiwifruit in Shaanxi province.

Use of the CLARKE JU6H-NL30 Diesel Pump in Building Fire Suppression Systems

This study investigates the suitability of the Clarke JU6H-30NL diesel pump engine as a supplementary solution for fire extinguishing systems in a banking facility during August–September 2023. Employing practical fieldwork methods, we analyzed the specifications, operational procedures, and benefits versus drawbacks of diesel pumps compared to electrical alternatives. Observational techniques were utilized to collect real-time data onsite. Our findings reveal that diesel pumps offer significant advantages such as uninterrupted operation during power failures, elevated water pressures, lower maintenance costs due to more accessible spare parts, and enhanced overall building safety and resilience against fires. These insights suggest that incorporating diesel pumps into existing fire protection strategies could provide reliable backup solutions, particularly in critical infrastructure settings where continuous operations are crucial. highlight: The study analyzed the specifications, operational procedures, and benefits versus drawbacks of diesel pumps compared to electrical alternatives. Observational techniques were utilized to collect real-time data onsite. Diesel pumps offer significant advantages such as uninterrupted operation during power failures, elevated water pressures, and lower maintenance costs due to more accessible spare parts. Keywords: Clarke JU6H-30NL diesel pump engine, fire extinguishing systems, banking facility, uninterrupted operation, building safety.

Renewable energy and agriculture: Developing a common language for technological integration

In recent years, the agricultural sector has recognized the importance of renewable energy for its sustainable development. This shift is driven by the need to address global challenges such as climate change, energy security, and rising costs of traditional energy sources. Renewable energy, including solar, wind, bioenergy, and other sustainable sources, offers a promising solution while enhancing agricultural practices’ resilience and efficiency. The integration of renewable energy in agriculture serves multiple purposes. It provides farmers with cleaner, more sustainable, and cost-effective energy sources. For example, solar energy can power irrigation systems, reducing reliance on diesel pumps, and wind energy can support on-farm operations. Bioenergy derived from agricultural waste not only offers a renewable energy source but also helps manage waste.This article explores the application of Cross-Disciplinary Semantic Mapping in Renewable Energy and Agriculture. It analyzes key terms and concepts in both sectors and their semantic overlaps and divergences, highlighting the importance of linguistic nuances in interdisciplinary communication and collaboration.

Economic Viability of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis with Diesel and Electric Pumps

In the present scenario viability of an irrigation pump is of extreme significance to set up it and get the sought after output in a more economic and better way. In this study investigation has been done about the economic viability of solar irrigation pump against the diesel and electric irrigation pump through the life cycle cost analysis. In LCC analysis, capital cost, future maintenance cost and replacement cost are converted to present worth value considering inflation rate and discount rate during its total life cycle. Annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump has been further compared with grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. The results revealed that the annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump is lower than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. E.g., The ALCC of solar irrigation pump was estimated at 12383/year and 15435/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pump respectively, which is significantly leave behind electric pumps, which boast ALCC figures of 61641/year and 82371/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps. In the same way, when related to diesel irrigation pumps with ALCC values of 85891/year and 136088/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps respectively, the economic superiority of solar irrigation pumps becomes abundantly clear. . It has also been observed that the capital cost for solar irrigation pump is higher than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. However, the maintenance cost and replacement cost are lower in case of solar. The comparison shows that the solar irrigation pump was more viable than the connected electric and diesel irrigation pump.

Tapping the Unused Energy Potential of Solar Water Pumps in India.

India seeks to deploy millions of solar water pumps to farmers who often lack access to electricity or face an unreliable power supply. Improving the use of this technology can bolster sustainable agriculture and expand clean energy services. We investigate farm-level impacts and opportunities with primary survey data (n = 292 farmers) and a large real-time pump operational data set (n = 1106 pumps). By modeling the potential solar generation of off-grid solar water pumps, we estimate 300-400 kWh/month of unutilized solar energy per pumping system, representing up to 95% of potential generation. While farmers report increased revenues and ease of pump operation, unsolved challenges concerning the lack of panel cleaning and tracking remain. Pump operational data show pump usage in the summer and monsoon seasons and an expansion of irrigation to grow crops in the winter. Relative to emissions associated with the use of diesel pumps, solar pumps that are highly utilized reduced life cycle CO2-eq emissions by 93% on average, while the pumping systems with the lowest use result in a net increase of 26% relative to the diesel alternatives. Based on observed usage rates, approximately 70% of pumps had positive environmental benefits. The high share of unutilized solar energy provides a significant opportunity to use the energy for nonpumping purposes.

Techno-economic and environmental assessment of solar photovoltaic, diesel, and electric water pumps for irrigation in Assam, India

This study assesses the techno-economic and environmental aspects of solar photovoltaic (PV), diesel, and electric water pumps for irrigation in Assam, India. Two practical crop rotations are considered: Sali rice, strawberry, and Ahu rice; and Sali rice, mustard, and Boro rice. A comprehensive analysis, including performance, cost-effectiveness, and CO2 emissions, was conducted through field surveys and data analysis. The findings highlight the advantages of solar photovoltaic water pumps (SPVWP), including reduced CO2 emissions, lower operational costs, and the potential revenue from selling surplus electricity generated and participating in carbon trading. The study explores the sensitivity to varying subsidy rates, emphasizing the potential to promote SPVWP adoption through revised policies. Factors like crop rotation, energy costs, and groundwater availability are also considered. SPVWP emerges as a viable and sustainable irrigation solution in Assam and similar regions with appropriate financial incentives and support. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and advances the understanding of renewable energy-based irrigation systems.

Perancangan Automatic Sprinkler System Pada Gudang Batu Bara Perusahaan Produksi Susu

Fire is a condition that occurs due to the oxidation of three elements (fuel, oxygen and heat) which can cause property losses, injury to death. One of the places that is prone to fire is a coal storage warehouse, considering the characteristics of the materials stored in it. In order to reduce losses due to fires, an automatic sprinkler system is needed in the coal warehouse of a dairy production company to help extinguish the fire as soon as possible when a fire occurs. Based on these problems, this research will determine the number of sprinklers needed as an automatic extinguishing system as well as the volume of water, pump power, and groundwater tanks. This type of research is quantitative research by direct observation of the object under study, then the researcher measures the coal warehouse space using a building meter. From the results of calculations by taking a sample of the coal warehouse room of a dairy production company, the required number of sprinklers is 111, the required water volume is 399.6 ????3, the required pump power and ground water tank are, pump hydraulic power (HHP) 1.2910128 kW, pump shaft power (BHP) 1.7213504 kW, pump electric power (P) 3 kW, diesel pump (PpD) 2 HP, jocky pump (PJk) 0.3 kW, GWT capacity (QGWT) 17 m3.

Effect of harvested rainwater in farm ponds of a saline area on soil properties

Harvesting rainwater through surface storage is one of the options to combat the frequently occurring drought condition in rainfed agriculture. The quality of irrigation water plays a very important role in improving crop productivity and maintaining soil health, especially in the saline area. The information on the water quality of harvested rainwater in farm ponds of the saline area needs to be made available. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the water quality in farm ponds and its effect on soil health and crop productivity after irrigation using different energy sources for lifting the water. The study was carried out on 11 dugout-type farm ponds from the Ghusar village in Akola taluka of Akola district. The harvested rainwater in farm ponds was only used as protective irrigation for rabi crops through a sprinkler irrigation system operated by either an electric pump or diesel pump or tractor-operated pump. The values of EC (0.16 to 0.36) dSm-1, pH (7.54 to 8.66), SAR (1.02 to1.78) me l-1 and RSC (0.2 to 0.4) me l-1 in harvested rainwater indicated that the cations and anions were in acceptable limits of safe quality water for protective irrigation. The use of harvested rainwater in farm ponds in Ghusar village of the saline area was also found to be within safe limits from a soil health point of view and it maintains soil fertility.

Analyzing the Pump Diesel and Gasoline Prices on Inflation in Pakistan: A New Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL

Maintaining inflation is one of the prime goals of the macroeconomic policy executed through the country's central bank. The persistence of inflation is considered a serious problem in developing countries because it erodes the standard of living of the majority of people. Nowadays, researchers are showing interest in energy price shocks as one of the drivers of inflation. So, the present study examines the role of pump diesel and pump gasoline prices on inflation controlling real exchange deprecation and urbanization using NARDL from 1990 to 2020. The result shows that the pump domestic diesel prices and pump domestic gasoline prices have a positively asymmetric impact on inflation in Pakistan. In contrast, real exchange deprecation and urbanization positively affect inflation. This study recommended that the government decrease the dependence on imported energy and focus on cheaper and domestic energy resources to fulfil the growing energy demand.

Development of renewable energy-based power system for the irrigation support: case studies

Abstract The development of renewable energy-based applications is nowadays a forced demand of society, for chasing the target set by the governments and the concerned organizations, to reduce or limit the carbon penetration in the environment. Sincere efforts are being made by academics and researchers to create applications based on renewable energy that are reliable and efficient. Green revolutions increase agricultural fields and alter grain production rates, but they also increase energy consumption since agricultural machinery is used more efficiently, mostly for irrigation needs. The purpose of this work is to introduce a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) that can take the place of the diesel pump often used for time-bound crop irrigation. This HRES system consists of a photovoltaic generator as the main power source supported by a battery energy storage system. For this hybrid system, the development of a Proportional & Integral (PI)-based integrated hybrid controller is proposed to regulate the charge/discharge cycle of the battery energy with maintaining the load demand simultaneously. Controlling of this hybrid system is carried out in the LabVIEW environment.

Estimation of groundwater draft in Rajasthan state

Field methods for the estimation of groundwater unit draft are not fully reliable due to non-uniformity of draft in the time domain. In India, use of norm values recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee is in common practice. In this study, a computational method for groundwater unit draft estimation for irrigation sources is proposed. This study presents an estimate, projection and analysis of groundwater draft in the different district of Rajasthan State. using the norms of GEC-1997 unit draft as 0.52 and 2.28 ha-m for dug wells and deep tube wells, respectively, annual groundwater draft for irrigation in this area is estimated to be 1524609 ha-m , out of which (10.53%) is withdrawn using diesel pump.

Numerical Analysis of the Structural and Flow Rate Characteristics of the Fuel Injection Pump in a Marine Diesel Engine

A reciprocating fuel pump system was investigated using a modeling approach. The diesel pump system comprises a variable-sized barrel and plunger. This study investigates the effect of diesel, propane, and DME fuels on the plunger barrel’s deformation and flow rate characteristics. It compares the barrel and plunger displacement as a function of working pressure. Based on the multi-field coupling theory, a numerical fluid–solid thermal coupling model was developed to characterize the operational fluctuations in deformation and clearance. Due to the distinct deformation patterns of the two components, the appropriate clearance for the pump’s head and stem must be set independently. In addition, significant AMESim parameters compared and confirmed the discharge flow rates of three distinct fuels. The results show that the maximum displacement for the plunger stem was 0.00266 mm at 7.5 mm from the top of the stem, which was 6.94% lower than the literature result. The DME fuel showed flow stability initially (from 0.0 to 0.4 s) when using a plunger diameter of 23.85 mm. According to the plunger diameters, the marine fuel injection pump’s discharge flow rates increased, minimizing the wearing between the barrel/plunger. The research findings revealed that the suggested structural and flow rate model is recommended for alternative marine fuel applications.

Performance and Cost Comparison of Photovoltaic and Diesel Pumping Systems: In Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Diesel pumps have extensively used for irrigation water pumping. However, this causes challenges both in terms of economic factors (fuel costs) and environmental impacts (emits air pollution). An alternative solution is using renewable energy sources. In this regard, a battery less solar PV energy system was designed and evaluated was designed and evaluated for the geographic location and metrological data of Dugda woreda, representing the central rift valley of Ethiopia. Performance testing were conducted on sunny days of April month and with time intervals of from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, again the respective solar radiation ranges between 385.8 to 862.2 W m^(-2) h^(-1). The solar photovoltaic pumping has been evaluated with the head levels of 10, 12, 15, and 18 m. Accordingly the result showed that, PV system size can irrigate a tomato field of 0.33-0.75 ha with a mean daily water use of 8.7 and 17.4 m^3 〖day〗^(-1) at head levels of 10 and 18 meters, respectively. After evaluation, the maximum water flow rate has been at the midday day from 12:00 am to 1:00 pm. Comparative economic evaluation of the solar-powered water pump system and diesel pump devices were done using cycle cost breakdown and the cost of water per unit volume. Thus the long term economics of water pumping using solar photovoltaic and diesel pumping systems showed a cost of 1.33 〖ETB m〗^(-3) and 3 ETB m^(-3), respectively. The result demonstrated that photovoltaic water pump systems are more affordable for the long-term services of small to medium-scale farms than gasoline water pumps.

Effect of farm machinery adoption on household income and food security: evidence from a nationwide household survey in India

An increase in farm productivity and income is crucially linked to farm mechanization. Labour shortage in rural areas and frequent extreme weather events have made a resounding pitch for the deepening of farm mechanization in India. Our study examines the effect of agricultural machinery adoption on net agricultural income, household income, and household consumption in India; the latter is considered as an indicator of food security. A nationwide household survey of 10253 households drawn from the majority of states of India has been used. To assess the impact of machinery adoption on the outcome variables, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is used. Of the three types of machineries investigated, such as tractors, electric pumps, and diesel pumps, the average adoption rates are found to be low in the country, i.e., 8% for tractors, 24% for electric pumps, and 14% for diesel pumps. The wide heterogeneity in terms of adoption is mostly rooted in the large geographical differences among the states of India, as machinery adoption is concentrated in the north and north-central plains of the country. The first stage of ESR, which is a probit model, reveals the determinants of mechanization as access to credit, climatic shocks, access to irrigation, and farmer cooperative membership. The average treatment effect estimates from the second stage outcome regression reveal that the adoption of machineries has increased net agricultural income by 31%, household income by 19%, and food consumption by 5%. Given these demonstrable positive effects of mechanization in agriculture, there is a need for deepening of low-cost scale appropriate farm machines suitable for small holders. Government support would play a pivotal role in this direction by making farm credits accessible to smallholders, providing timely subsidies on machinery purchase, and providing required extension services.

Development and performance evaluation of a water lifting device

The uninterrupted availability and price of electric power is a great solicitude for a common man; thus, irregular power availability for irrigation is a daily problem faced by rural farmers. In most rural communities, hand-operated water pumps are very predominant due to lack of electricity to power borehole water systems. Conventional energy is also a great concern and now, core attention of the people is being diverted towards the use of an alternate form of energy derived from human and animals. The need for water as a basic necessity in life has led to various developmental and engineering innovations that are designed to meet this need optimally. The water pump is the most useful machine, and it is the second most commonly used equipment by the farmers for irrigation purposes. An appropriate alternative to diesel pump, which requires neither diesel nor electricity, yet meets irrigation requirements, may be beneficial. With this, a simple hand-operated water-lifting device has been developed at CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute at Durgapur, West Bengal. Three prototypes were developed and evaluated successfully. From the results, it has been observed that, input effort has the largest effect on efficiency. The highest efficiency was found as 80% in case of prototype-III.

Isolation and characterization of fungi and bacteria able to grow on media containing gasoline and diesel fuel

Petroleum products are significant environmental pollutants. This study aimed to isolate microorganisms able to grow on media containing gasoline and diesel fuel. Microorganisms were isolated from soils sampled near gasoline and diesel pumps. Bacterial isolates were characterized and tested on media containing concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 % gasoline and diesel fuel and combinations of both 50/50 % and 25/25/50 % (gasoline/ diesel/ Mueller Hinton broth). Results showed that microbial isolates belong to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Flavobacterium, Actinobacteria, Penicillium, Hansfordia and Alternaria. Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. showed the ability to grow on both products up to the concentration of 80 %. However, no growth was noticed above that concentration and on both mixtures. Throughout this study, it has been shown that using a selective screening method for microorganisms able to grow on pollutants can present a significant advantage for bioremediation. Keywords: Pollution; gasoline; diesel; microorganisms.