Diesel Particulate Matter Health Impacts in California: Trends, Source Apportionment, and Policy Implications.

Trade-offs between engine performance and emissions in diesel engines fueled with hydrogen from ammonia cracking and biodiesel blends

Chemical and optical properties of biomass burning and diesel emissions and their atmospheric aging: A comprehensive chamber study

Comparative analysis of diesel engine performance and emission test by using waste-based biodiesel

Occupational exposure to chemicals and particles and incidence of myocardial infarction-a nationwide cohort study in Sweden.

Ship emissions and fuel economy under transient conditions: Revisiting the propeller law.

Growth inhibition in lettuce callus exposed to particulate matter: Cellular injury linked to intracellular accumulation.

Adsorption of CO, NO and NO2 with H2O and O2 on nickel-exchanged sodium X- and Y-faujasites: DFT calculation, zeolite synthesis, characterization, isotherms and dynamic experiments – Application to the exhaust diesel gases

In this study, we aim to repurpose diesel soot emissions from maritime ships as carbonaceous anode material for Na-ion batteries. Diesel soot, also known as particulate matter, is considered an air pollutant, which is formed due to the incomplete combustion of diesel fuel and emitted in exhaust streams into the surrounding atmosphere. Due to diesel particulate filters working in tandem with diesel engines, soot accumulation can have negative impacts on the engine operation and needs to be removed, which subsequently creates an abundant waste product with no direct use.1,2 In air, particulate matter is a significant hindrance to human health, as larger particles exacerbate respiratory conditions while ultrafine particles can be absorbed into the blood, leading to cardiovascular, autoimmune, and carcinogenic disease in the body.3,4 Previous research in using soot as an anodic material has made annealing treatment a cornerstone in the application of waste carbon in battery systems.1,5,6 In exploring applications of diesel soot in energy systems, we collect particulate matter emissions from a cruise ship, ball mill the soot and anneal the material at a temperature of 650℃. The composite electrode is then prepared by mixing annealed or unannealed particulate matter and PVDF polymer additive in an 8.5:1.5 mass ratio. Using a coin cell setup, we use the particulate matter electrode and Na metal as working and counter electrodes, with an electrolyte of 1M NaPF6 in PC. Electrochemical performance was tested with cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical behavior illustrates significant gains with annealing treatment, in tandem with SEI development after initial cycling, promoting ion diffusivity and stable columbic efficiency after development. Further analysis of the charge storage mechanism revealed that the diesel soot stores charge pseudo-capacitively, where diffusive mechanisms tend to dominate at lower scan rates. Acknowledgment: This work is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number 2344722). Sources (1) Gregory, D.; Yang, S.; Massion, C.; Mecklenburg, M.; Aravind, I.; Radonjic, M.; Cronin, S.; Çapraz, Ö. Ö. Utilizing Nanoscale Particulate Matter from the Combustion of Diesel Fuels as a Carbonaceous Anode Electrode for Li-Ion Batteries. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2021, 177, 105972. (2) Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Lin, Y.; Fang, L.; Lou, D. Particle Filter Performance of Soot-Loaded Diesel Particulate Filter and the Effect of Its Regeneration on the Particle Number and Size Distribution. J. Clean. Prod. 2024, 461, 142651. (3) Sydbom, A.; Blomberg, A.; Parnia, S.; Stenfors, N.; Sandström, T.; Dahlén, S. Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions. Eur. Respir. J. 2001, 17 (4), 733–746. (4) Xi, J.; Zhong, B. Soot in Diesel Combustion Systems. Chem. Eng. Technol. 2006, 29 (6), 665–673. (5) Kanakaraj, R.; Sudakar, C. Candle Soot Carbon Nanoparticles as High-Performance Universal Anode for M-Ion (M = Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺) Batteries. J. Power Sources 2020, 458, 228064. (6) Lee, W.; Kim, H. V.; Choi, J.; Panomsuwan, G.; Lee, Y.; Rho, B.; Kang, J. Recycling Waste Soot from Merchant Ships to Produce Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8 (1). (7) Baek, H.; Kim, D.; Lee, W.; Kang, J. Application of Soot Discharged from the Combustion of Marine Gas Oil as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries. RSC Adv. 2020, 10 (60), 36478–36484.

Comprehensive metabolomics reveals glycolipid metabolic disturbance and potential biomarkers in Chinese diesel exhaust-exposed workers: A cohort study.

This study evaluates the effect of octanol with biodiesel and petrodiesel, aiming to diminish fossil fuel dominance through sustainable energy substitution. Octanol was blended with safflower biodiesel (OB50) and diesel (OD50) at 50% by volume. Tests were performed in a four-cylinder direct-injected diesel engine under various loads and constant speed. Results showed that pure octanol exhibited longer combustion duration and ignition delay, while OB50 and OD50 had combustion duration similar to diesel. Increasing octanol concentration in the blend led to higher ringing intensity. The development of cylinder pressure curves and specific pressure efficiency were quite similar across all the tested fuels. Specific heat release rate efficiency indicated that effective combustion and heat output regions were achieved with pure octanol, while specific temperature efficiency increased in the early combustion stages but were lower with biodiesel addition. BTEs of OB50, OD50 and pure octanol were comparable to diesel fuel. The lowest BSFC were obtained for diesel and OC50, respectively. The average HC reductions were 17.6% for OB50 and 6.8% for OD50 compared to diesel. NOx emissions slightly decreased by 0.8% for OD50 while they increased by 5.33% for OB50 on average. However, CO emissions deteriorated for all the fuels.

<div>Common rail, high-pressure electronic fuel injection is one of the primary technologies enabling high-efficiency and low emissions in modern diesel engines. Most fuel injectors utilize an actively controlled solenoid valve to actuate a needle that modulates the fuel supply into the combustion chamber. The electrical drive circuit for the injector requires extensive development costs, and thus, most designs are proprietary in nature, making it difficult to perform academic studies of the fuel injection processes. This research presents an injector driver circuit to control one or more solenoid injectors simultaneously for research-based injector development efforts. The electrical circuit was computationally modeled and optimized iteratively, and then, electronic hardware was developed to demonstrate control of a Bosch CRIN3 solenoid diesel injector as proof of concept. In addition, the injector performance was quantified by the fuel rate of injection (ROI) profiles obtained in a test rig utilizing the momentum flux method. Results show that the electronic control inputs do not affect the initial fuel ROI profile, which is impacted mainly by the injector geometry and associated fluid dynamics effects.</div>

This investigation examines the influence of Fe₃O₄ (magnetite) nano additions in sterculia foetida methyl ester (SME) mixtures on diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. SME was produced using transesterification and dispersed with surface modified Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) employing probe-type ultrasonication to achieve uniform distribution. Engine tests were performed using pure diesel, a 25% SME blend-75% diesel (SME25), and Fe₃O₄ dispersed SME25 blends at concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 ppm. The results showed that the engine performance measures such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 6.69% and specific fuel consumption (SFC) reduced by 7.23% for SME + 100Fe sample than SME25 mix. For the same blend, combustion metrics, such as cylinder pressure (CP) and heat release rate (HRR), increased by 4.46% and 24.21% respectively. Furthermore, at greater loads, the SME25 + 100Fe mix reduced carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions by 23.92%, 22.42%, 5.38%, and 3.61%, respectively. A machine learning (ML) based computational model was created to predict engine performance and emission characteristics across various nano fuel blends. The model achieved great prediction accuracy, with correlation coefficients (R) ranging from 0.9973 to 0.99995 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values within acceptable bounds. The study confirms that Fe₃O₄ nano fuel blends improve engine efficiency, decrease emissions, and benefit from the integration of ML for accurate and data-efficient performance modelling. This technique is found to be potential for sustainable fuel technologies.

Early-in-life inhalation exposure to diesel exhaust enhanced high fat diet-induced atherosclerosis via CD36-NLRP3 inflammasome / TXNIP.

Abstract Traditional industrial system integrating denitration and filtration faces the challenge of interfacial instability and the incompatibility between high catalytic performance and low pressure drop. To resolve this dilemma, we construct a novel and efficient catalytic membrane material with a ternary “zeolite catalyst‐coupling agent‐fiber” interfacial synergy, achieving simultaneous air filtration and selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH 3 (NH 3 ‐SCR). The Cu‐SSZ‐13 zeolite catalyst is covalently grafted onto electrospun polyimide fibers through KH550‐induced in situ Si‐O‐Si bonding, forming molecular bridges that stabilize organic‐inorganic interfaces. Response surface methodology optimization yields a membrane with triple functionality: superior low‐temperature NH 3 ‐SCR activity (25 °C window reduction), exceptional filtration efficiency (> 99.99% for PM0.3), and robust industrial adaptability (< 1000 Pa pressure drop). Mechanistic studies reveal dual‐path enhancement: KH550 diversifies nitrate intermediates via Lewis acid enrichment (16.5% activation energy reduction), while the 3D fibrous network reduces boundary layer thickness via CFD‐proven airflow disturbance, accelerating mass transfer. Concurrently, zeolite‐derived nanotextured surfaces enhance particle interception through roughness‐amplified capture mechanisms. This micro‐to‐macro design paradigm creates synergistic “1 + 1 > 2” effects, enabling unprecedented integration of catalytic and filtration functionalities in a single material for industrial flue gas and diesel exhaust purification.

This study aims to find empirical evidence by analyzing the influence of personal selling, packaging and product quality on purchasing interest in Pusri Diesel Exhaust Fluid (Pusri DEF) for Euro 4 standard vehicles in Indonesia. The population in this study were all companies engaged in transportation, heavy equipment and energy industries that use heavy duty vehicles with Euro 4 standards that have purchased or know and have the potential to purchase Pusri DEF products, namely 36 companies. Samples were taken as many as 3 respondents from each company so that a total of 108 respondents were obtained. The analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression using SPSS through the F test and t test. Based on the test, it was found that the variables of personal selling, packaging and product quality had a positive and significant effect on the purchase interest of Pusri Diesel Exhaust Fluid (Pusri DEF) for Euro 4 standard vehicles in Indonesia. The R value of 0.792 indicates that there is a close relationship between the variables of personal selling, packaging and product quality on the purchase interest of Pusri Diesel Exhaust Fluid (Pusri DEF) for Euro 4 standard vehicles in Indonesia.The R square (R²) value of 0.628 or 62.8% shows the proportion of variation in purchasing interest that can be explained by the variables of personal selling, packaging, and product quality towards Pusri Diesel Exhaust Fluid (Pusri DEF) in vehicles with Euro 4 regulatory standards in Indonesia.

Introduction: Air pollution is recognized as an important environmental risk factor for cardiovascular risk, but how combined measures of air pollution contribute to this risk and potential disparities need further investigation. Hypothesis: Patients with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) living in neighborhoods with higher rankings for a composite measure of air pollution would have a greater risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods: We studied 281 patients recruited from Emory-based hospitals in the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress 2 (MIMS2) Study. Participants’ residential addresses were geocoded and a composite measure of air pollution at the census-tract level was calculated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as part of their environmental justice index for: 1) ozone; 2) particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less; 3) diesel particulate matter; and 4) air toxics for cancer risk. An overall score for air pollution is based on percentile ranks (0-100%) with higher values indicating greater burden of air pollution. Participants were prospectively followed for 5 years from their initial baseline visit and MACE was defined as a composite index of cardiovascular death and first/recurring events of myocardial infarction and hospitalizations for heart failure. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the regression parameters accounting for clustering of recurrent events and individuals within census-tracts. Hazard ratios were estimated per 10-unit increase in percentile ranking for air pollution. Results: The mean age of the sample was 51 years (range: 26-61); 50% were women and 67% African American. During a median follow-up of 4.3 years, there were 151 adverse cardiovascular events (first and repeated). In models adjusted for sex, race, age, education, cardiovascular risk factors, and MI severity indicators, each 10-unit increase in percentile ranking for air pollution was associated with 64% greater risk of MACE (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.29; p = 0.003) among women, but not among men (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.26; p = 0.95 (sex interaction: p = 0.01). There were no significant interactions by race. Conclusions: A composite measure of air pollution is associated with cardiovascular risk only among women with heart disease. Future studies should further explore this increased risk among women and potential biological mechanisms.

The impact of environmental air exposues on disease characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of patients with myelofibrosis

The purpose of this study is to better understand how the ethical ideologies of consumers influence their responses to perceived corporate social irresponsibility (CSI), focusing on trust and word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations. Data were collected through a survey involving 627 car owners in Poland, using a real-life case of CSI concerning a major car manufacturer fined for misleading consumers about diesel emissions. The analysis employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that moral idealism amplifies the negative effects of CSI on WOM, while moral relativism produces neutrality towards CSI. Specifically, it appears that highly idealistic individuals are more reluctant to make positive comments about a firm accused of irresponsible behaviour. However, individuals who are more relativistic do not appear to be more sympathetic towards or tolerant of firms that act irresponsibly. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of individual ethical ideologies in shaping consumer reactions to corporate misconduct and offers insights for firms and organizations addressing CSI-related challenges.

Influence of adding CuO and Al2O3 nanoparticles on performance and emissions of diesel engine fueled with blend of diesel-waste lubricating oil