Diesel Distillate Research Articles

СВОЙСТВА ЭМУЛЬСИЙ ПЕЧНОГО БЫТОВОГО ТОПЛИВА

The features of household furnace heating fuel and its mixture with diesel fuel distillate in various concentrations are considered. By intensively mixing diesel distillate into household heating fuel, emulsions based on household furnace heating fuel were obtained, which contain from 10 to 50 % of secondary distillate diesel distillate. Such parameters as flash point, ignition point, density and viscosity were determined. The results of the study confirmed the efficiency of adding diesel fuel distillate.

Investigation of aminoethers derived from vegetable fatty acids as antistatic additives in diesel distillate

Investigation of aminoethers derived from vegetable fatty acids as antistatic additives in diesel distillate

The dependence of degree of extraction treatment of diesel distillate from the content of preferential solvent - ionic liquid

One of the perspective directions of the employment of ionic liquids is using them as “green” preferential solvent in the process of extraction treatment of undesirable components (aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur and resin compounds) from the composition of oil fractions. The process of extraction treatment of ionic liquid of various oil distillates may be reviewed as an alternative traditional method of treatment and additional way in the combination of extraction process with other treatment methods allowing combining the advantages of both methods. The paper presents the results of combined process of extraction treatment of hydraulically cleaned diesel fraction using as an extractant of ionic liquids synthesized based on the vinegar acid dipropyl and dibutilamines. It is shown that during step-by-step extraction treatment of ionic liquid of diesel distillate compared to the one-step process, relatively high degree of dearomatization and desulphurization of crude is achieved. In three-phase extraction treatment of diesel distillate with diropilammonium acetate and dibutillamonium acetate with ionic liquids, relatively high extraction capacity diropilammonium acetate of ionic liquids containing more voluminous cation fragment is specified.

Synthesis and performance of mesoporous iron oxide in vacuum residue slurry-phase hydrocracking

In order to develop a high-efficiency iron oxide catalyst for the slurry-phase hydrocracking of poor heavy oil, the mesoporous iron oxide was successfully synthesized by using the waste wood powder as a template, and the influence of alkali concentration in the resulting solution on crystal phase, morphology and pore structure of the synthesized samples was investigated. The crystal phase of the synthesized iron oxide transfers from α-Fe2O3 to γ-Fe2O3, and their crystal sizes gradually decrease with an increase of alkali concentration based on the XRD and HRTEM results. Additionally, the iron oxide with mesoporous structure, larger surface area and pore volume is obtained at the higher concentration of alkali in solution confirmed by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The assessment result of the iron oxide catalyst employed in the slurry-phase hydrocracking of vacuum residue (VR) illustrates that the yields of gasoline and diesel distillates obtained over Fe-O-B20, Fe-O-B24 and Fe-O-B30 catalysts are higher compared with those over Fe-O-B2 and Fe-O-B14 catalysts, it can be attributed that more exposure Fe active sites derived from their larger surface area and pore volume availably improve the catalyst hydrogenation activity, which can inhibit the over-cracking reaction of intermediate products and the condensation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in VR to enhance the yields of gasoline and diesel distillates.

Brief Description about Influence of Process Conditions on Fixed Bed Medium Pressure Coal Tar Coal Diesel Distillate Hydrogenation Unit

Brief Description about Influence of Process Conditions on Fixed Bed Medium Pressure Coal Tar Coal Diesel Distillate Hydrogenation Unit

Hydro‐upgrading of light cycle oil‐synthesis of NiMo/SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 porous catalyst

The demand for transportation diesel fuels has been increasing in most countries for the last decade. As is one of the primary sources for diesel distillates, light cycle oil (LCO), having the advantages of inheriting similar density and boiling point range to diesel fuels, but high contents of aromatics, sulfur, and nitrogen, needs to be upgraded before being utilized. This work reports a trinary porous SiO2–Al2O3–TiO2 (SAT) synthesized by sol–gel method and used as the NiMo catalyst support for the LCO hydro-upgrading. NiMo/Al2O3-zeolite (AZ) was used as a reference to evaluate the performances of the NiMo/SAT. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, Pyridine-FTIR, and TEM; and evaluated in a 20-mL fixed-bed microreactor using a Fluid Catalytic Cracking LCO as feedstock. It was found that the SAT support possessed a high surface area, high pore volume, and good acid properties. The NiMo/SAT catalyst exhibited even better hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodearomatization performances than NiMo/AZ when the reaction was performed at 375 °C and 1100 psi. Compared with the zeolite addition catalyst, the SAT catalyst has the advantages of simple synthesis procedures and low input cost.

Influence of coker-derived liquids on coking performance of Venezuelan heavy oil residue

Coking technological improvements are required to effectively upgrade/refine extra-heavy oil residues. The influence of types and blending ratios of coker-derived liquids on the coking performance of Venezuelan residue was studied in terms of product distribution and coke morphology. Blending of the coker diesel distillates (200–350 °C) with the residues was not suggested, given the negative interactions at all blending ratios (0–0.6) as concluded from coke yield analysis. Blending of the coker gas oil improved the coke quality and inhibited the coke formation. The recycle of heavy coker gas oil (430 °C+) at a blending ratio of 0.3 was most favorable.

Removal of coke powders in coking diesel distillate using recyclable chitosan-grafted Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles

Coking is an important process for heavy or residual oil treatment as coke powders carried by coking diesel distillate (CDD) could seriously affect the steady operation of downstream devices. In this work, chitosan (CS)-grafted Fe3O4 was used to prepare magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and characterization analyses, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and water contact angle determination, were performed on the coking powders and MNPs. The mechanism of coke powder removal was determined through an experimental study on coke powder removal in CDD by using the MNPs. Grafting CS onto oleic acid (OA)-modified Fe3O4 yields Fe3O4@OA-CS nanoparticles with superparamagnetism, and the CS grafting quantity is an important factor influencing whether Fe3O4@OA-CS has high efficiency for coke powder removal. CS can enhance the hydrophilicity of Fe3O4@OA (water contact angle = 112°), and Fe3O4@OA-CS with some hydrophobicity (water contact angle = 105°) could satisfactorily remove coke powders (removal rate ≥96%) from the distillate. In addition, Fe3O4@OA-CS could be recycled and reused using light petroleum (LP). The new coke removal process involves the following principles: spatial distribution of CDD is taking coke powders as the core, coating with non-hydrocarbon compounds (polar layer), and dispersing into arenes and alkanes (non-polar layer). Fe3O4@OA-CS may show interfacial activity and could be directionally arranged on the interface between the polar and non-polar layers. Thus, non-hydrocarbon compounds may come into direct contact with the Fe3O4@OA-CS nanoparticles. When rinsed with LP, Fe3O4@OA-CS can enter the LP phase, together with these non-hydrocarbon compounds, and be effectively separated from the coke powders.

Improvement studies on emission and combustion characteristics of DICI engine fuelled with colloidal emulsion of diesel distillate of plastic oil, TiO2 nanoparticles and water.

Experimentation was conducted on a single cylinder CI engine using processed colloidal emulsions of TiO2 nanoparticle-water-diesel distillate of crude plastic diesel oil as test fuel. The test fuel was prepared with plastic diesel oil as the principal constituent by a novel blending technique with an aim to improve the working characteristics. The results obtained by the test fuel from the experiments were compared with that of commercial petro-diesel (CPD) fuel for same engine operating parameters. Plastic oil produced from high density polyethylene plastic waste by pyrolysis was subjected to fractional distillation for separating plastic diesel oil (PDO) that contains diesel range hydrocarbons. The blending process showed a little improvement in the field of fuel oil-water-nanometal oxide colloidal emulsion preparation due to the influence of surfactant in electrostatic stabilization, dielectric potential, and pH of the colloidal medium on the absolute value of zeta potential, a measure of colloidal stability. The engine tests with nano-emulsions of PDO showed an increase in ignition delay (23.43%), and decrease in EGT (6.05%), BSNOx (7.13%), and BSCO (28.96%) relative to PDO at rated load. Combustion curve profiles, percentage distribution of compounds, and physical and chemical properties of test fuels ascertains these results. The combustion acceleration at diffused combustion phase was evidenced in TiO2 emulsion fuels under study.

Production of Motor Fuels for Cold Climates with Simultaneous Refining of Vegetable and Crude Oil Stock

The feasibility of incorporating synthetic oil produced by the Fischer—Tropsch process from synthesis gas of a wood-biomass gasification process into the production of class K5 alternative low-pour-point fuels by processing in a blend with straight-run diesel distillate employing a two-stage scheme (first stage, hydrofining in the presence of conventional hydrofining catalyst Co-Mo/Al2O3; second, hydroisodewaxing) is investigated. It is shown that a nickel-molybdenum-containing hydroisodewaxing catalyst based on a binary mixture of zeolites (high-silica low-alkali zeolite TsVN of pentasil structure and mordenite) enables the production of diesel fuel for Arctic conditions (limit filterability temperature –45°C) and aviation kerosene with an initial crystallization temperature of –63°C. A mixture of boron and lanthanum oxides was used as the promoter; a mixture of amorphous aluminum silicate and γ-alumina, as the binder.

Hydrofining of vegetable, synthetic, and petroleum blendstocks to produce diesel fuel

The process of co-hydrofining of pyrolysis products and Fischer–Tropsch synthetic crude with petroleum diesel distillate at a pressure of 5–8 MPa and 330–370°C in the presence of a conventional CoMo–Al2O3 hydrotreating catalyst has been studied, and the trends in the behavior of the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting products have been revealed. The feasibility of manufacturing class K5 diesel fuel containing the alternative components in amounts of 20 and 30 vol % by involving the pyrolysis products and synthetic crude, respectively, in the process has been demonstrated.

Criminal removal of fuel markers by distillation

Samples of locally sourced UK Diesel fuel spiked with the two organic compounds 2-(butan-2-yl)-1-(decyloxy)-4-(triphenylmethyl)benzene (TPMB) and 1,3-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (BFB) were subjected to laboratory-scale distillations to assess the suitability of TPMB and BFB as effective markers of Diesel fuel. Industrial-scale distillations of these spiked Diesel samples were performed to establish whether TPMB and BFB could be successfully and cost-effectively separated from Diesel on a significantly larger scale. Diesel distillate does not contain any TPMB; newly formulated performance criteria of an ideal, distillation resistant fuel marker clearly reject TPMB as a marker suitable for the tagging of Diesel. In contrast, BFB is retained in all fractions of distilled Diesel and largely satisfies the performance criteria of a distillation resistant fuel marker. BFB consequently functions as a significantly better fuel marker than TPMB for the tagging of Diesel. It is demonstrated that distillation is also a highly effective means of removing current overt dye markers. Conservative estimates suggest that an appropriately equipped laundering facility for the distillative removal of fuel markers or vice versa fuel from marked Diesel offers the potential of generating a vastly lucrative, multi-million pound annual profit.

One-pot catalytic hydrocracking of diesel distillate and residual oil fractions obtained from bio-oil to gasoline-range hydrocarbon fuel

Abstract Bio-oil can be fractionated into three parts according to their boiling point. Here we report that diesel distillate and residual oil fractions can be converted into high-quality fuels by catalytic hydrocracking with the combined CoMoS/Al 2 O 3 and HZSM-5 catalysts. Under the conditions of 390 °C and 6 MPa H 2 , a high yield (87.0 wt.%) of liquid products was obtained. The compositions were C 7 –C 14 hydrocarbons, including 23.3% of saturated naphthene, 23.4% of saturated chain hydrocarbons, 30.5% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and 22.8% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with one of ring saturated. The high heating value of products was 42.35 MJ/kg. The amounts of coking was only 1.15 wt.%, and the combined catalysts were recycled three times without the obvious decline of activity. Moreover, the reaction process did not need any solvent, and the products were easily separated. Based on the material balance, the net hydrogen consumption for the hydrocracking process was 38 g of H 2 /kg of bio-oil, and the energy efficiency could reach up to 84%. This approach provides a high-efficiency route for the preparation of high-quality hydrocarbon fuel from bio-oil.

Catalytic Hydrotreating of the Diesel Distillate from Fushun Shale Oil for the Production of Clean Fuel

Because of high contents of nitrogen, sulfur, and unsaturated hydrocarbons in shale oil, its potential use as a substitute fuel is limited. In this paper, catalytic hydrotreating of the diesel frac...

Light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization over a magnetic NiSo4/γ‐Al2o3 catalyst in a magnetically stabilized bed

AbstractMagnetic NiSO4/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnating NiSO4 solutions onto the γ‐Al2O3 support containing a magnetic material of Fe3O4. Characterization by XRD, NH3‐TPD, and thermal analysis showed that the magnetic NiSO4/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst with a nickel content of 7.0% by weight had a monolayer dispersion of NiSO4 and the largest number of moderate strength acid sites, and a high specific saturation magnetization. The magnetic catalyst was evaluated for light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization in both fixed‐bed and magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) reactors. Comparing with that in the fixed‐bed reactor, the optimal reaction temperature in the MSB lowered to 443 K, and its space velocity ranged broadly from 2.0 to 6.0 h−1. The sulfur‐free diesel distillate produced by operation of the MSB for 100 h had higher cetane number and good low‐temperature flow property, which illuminates a promising application of the MSB to manufacture clean diesel fuels with high productivity and flexibility. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009

Simple Approach To Produce Diesel Distillate (C11−C28) from n-Hexane under Mild Conditions

A new convenient procedure has been carried out for the production of diesel distillates assisted by modified sulfated iron oxides under mild condition (298 K and 1.01 MPa). The products successfully obtained by this method are mainly long, linear hydrocarbons from C13 to C24, all of which can be used as diesel distillates. Correlation of the catalytic performance to the structural properties is also discussed by a Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental results showed that the addition of a different modifier to sulfated iron oxide can affect the performance of catalysts and may be due to the different strength of acid, dispersibility, crystallization degree, crystal particles, and ratio of deprotonated and protonated S element. In comparison to the reaction processed in the high temperature and high pressure, this process became rather easy with a simple operation, lower energy consumption, and environmentally friendly.

High-Sulfurous Argentinian Asphaltites and Their Thermal Liquefaction Products

The results of profound chemical studies of asphaltites from the Rafaelita and Toribia fields (Mendosa and Neuquen provinces, Argentina) and prospects for their processing are presented. The composition and structural features of maltenic, asphaltene-carbenic and carboid components of these natural coal-like substances were investigated. Laboratory experiments on thermal liquefaction of asphaltites were performed, including: 1) destructive distillation (pyrolysis) at temperatures gradually rising up to 600°C; 2) thermal destruction under conditions of programmed temperature increase from 25 up to 350 or 450°C with a rate of 5°C/min and with simultaneous dilution of reaction products by straight-run diesel petroleum distillate; 3) thermal treatment of the studied sample under stationary conditions (at 350°C for one hour in water, tetraline or n-decane); and 4) thermal destruction of asphaltite samples under flow conditions (continuous ablution of reactor with water or decane, temperature rising from 25 up to 500°C, with periodical sampling at different temperature levels). The largest yields of liquid fuels were obtained when the thermal destruction process was performed in hydrocarbon medium at temperatures not lower than 400-450°C, with continuous removal of products from the reaction zone. The yield of desirable hydrocarbon products reached 25 wt.% of asphaltite organic mass, when decane served as reaction medium, and could be increased up to 70 wt.% by substituting this solvent with real petroleum (diesel) distillate.

Thermal liquefaction of natural asphaltites

Thermal transformations of high-sulfur asphaltites of Argentina were studied over a wide range of their heat treatment conditions: the final heating temperature from 350 to 600°C, the nature of the solvent used (water, deacon, tetragon, straight-run petroleum diesel distillates, the process mode (batch or flow), and the presence of a catalyst. It was shown that up to 80% or, in the presence of hematite admixed as a catalyst, up to 90% of the mass of the feedstock can be converted into the desired liquid products of thermal degradation at a proper choice of the conditions.

Study on Distribution and Composition of Carboxylic Acids of Bohai Crude Oil in China

This study concerns with distribution, type, and structure of carboxylic acids in the 200–550°C distillates of Bohai crude oil. The acids, isolated by aqueous alcoholic sodium hydroxide, were converted into corresponding methyl esters with BF3 as catalyst. The chemical structure of these carboxylic acids and distribution of their various components in different distillates were studied in detail by IR, VPO, MS, and elemental analysis. The results show that the carboxylic acids in Bohai crude oil are mainly composed of naphthenic acids and branched chain fatty acids, and the content is high in distillates at about 405°C and 505°C. With increase of boiling temperature of distillates, the content of naphthenic acids increases gradually. The ring numbers of naphthenic acids in diesel distillate are mainly 1–3, and those in lubricant distillate are mainly 1–6.

Study on Distribution and Composition of Carboxylic Acids of Bohai Crude Oil in China

This study concerns the distribution, type, and structure of carboxylic acids in the 200–550°C distillates of Bohai crude oil. The acids, isolated by aqueous alcoholic sodium hydroxide, were converted into corresponding methyl esters with BF3 as a catalyst. The chemical structure of these carboxylic acids and distribution of their various components in different distillates were studied in detail by IR, VPO, MS, and elemental analysis. The results show that the carboxylic acids in Bohai crude oil are mainly composed of naphthenic acids and branched chain fatty acids, and the content is high in distillates at about 405 and 505°C. With the increase of boiling temperatures of distillates, the content of naphthenic acids increases gradually. The ring numbers of naphthenic acids in diesel distillate are mainly 1–3, and those in lubricant distillate are mainly 1–6.