Didactic Resources Research Articles

Science Awareness: Analysis of Moroccan Curriculum Framework for Preschool Education

<p style="text-align: justify;">Morocco has undergone significant reforms in the education and training field, including the implementation of preschool education as a compulsory stage in the education system. Several studies have shown that attitudes toward science tend to decline between the ages of 11 and 14. Therefore, it is crucial to promote the acquisition of different modes of reasoning and forms of thought from early childhood. The primary objective of preschool education in Morocco should be to promote positive attitudes toward science. This study aims to analyze the preschool program prescribed in the Moroccan curriculum framework with regard to scientific awareness as well as its methodological and practical implications. The analysis was conducted using a designed grid and including the following criteria: construction of school science; axiological and psychological foundations of science learning; objectives and competencies; contents; approaches; activities; teaching strategies; didactic resources; pedagogical design and evaluation. The study's findings revealed that the Moroccan Curriculum Framework for Preschool Education featured a number of dimensions related directly to scientific awareness. However, no explicit statements about scientific awareness or science literacy were made. Moreover, some elements suggested in the program document were out of phase with the current trends of scientific awareness. Therefore, the study offered some suggestions for improving the proposal provided by this pedagogical document. In conclusion, Morocco's focus on preschool education is a positive step towards building a more scientifically literate society. However, to fully benefit from it, the guidance document must be revised to reflect current scientific awareness trends.</p>

The application of thematic workshops for chemistry teaching during the pandemic

Implementing remote teaching as a way to continue activities during the pandemic has boosted the use of active methodologies for teaching chemistry, with an emphasis on thematic workshops. The aim of this work is to analyze the use of thematic workshops developed in interventions in the Pedagogical Residency Program with high school/technical students. This is qualitative, bibliographical research with a case study, where the contributions of the thematic workshops for teaching and learning chemistry are presented. Despite the effectiveness of the methodology, there are still disparities regarding the scope of the use of didactic resources mediated by information and communication technologies. The study suggests that contact between teacher and student is essential for the success of the methodology.

Teaching digital competence in the use of YouTube and its incidental factors: Development of an instrument based on the UTAUT model from a higher order PLS‐SEM approach

AbstractThe increasing use of digital resources has changed the way of teaching, where platforms such as YouTube offer large repositories of educational videos. There are many theoretical studies that analyse the digital competences of teachers, but to a lesser extent on the behaviours and use that the teacher makes of this multimedia platform. Thus, the purpose of this study is the development of an instrument in which it is analysed how the behavioural intention of teachers on YouTube impacts their digital competence to search and select information, share information, and interact with other users of the platform, and create educational material. To achieve this, following the partial least squares (PLS) method of structural equation models, a higher‐order causal model was proposed based on an adaptation and extension of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). The study was carried out with a sample of 2157 teachers from all over Spain. The main result was that behavioural intention explained 22.70% of the true variance of teachers' digital competence. In addition, it has been possible to verify the reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of the established causal relationships, determining a model with acceptable goodness‐of‐fit. These findings show that it is a valid and reliable instrument to measure teachers' digital competences on YouTube, behavioural intention, and the system of relationships between factors. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Teachers can use YouTube to search and create creative and innovative educational lessons. The teacher must have adequate digital competence to search, select, evaluate, and effectively use the content of this platform in the classroom. The four central predictors of the UTAUT model (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) allow to explain and predict the adoption and use of ICT in different contexts. What this paper adds The elaboration of an instrument on the digital competences of the teacher on the use of YouTube as a didactic resource, based on an extended model of UTAUT. Identification of the factors with the greatest incidence on the behavioral intention of the teacher to use YouTube as an educational resource. Identification of how the behavioral intention and the ease of the conditions determine the use of YouTube by teachers to search for educational content, share it or create it by themselves. Implications for practice and/or policy Extensive information on the factors that teachers should pay attention to improve their behavioral intention to use YouTube as a teaching resource. The need to promote improvement policies on technological and digital conditions which will affect the digital competence of the teacher for the usability of YouTube as a more visual, verbal, and interactive educational process. Educational institutions should better prepare teachers for their role as innovative teachers, providing them with adequate digital skills in relation to the use of YouTube as a teaching resource.

Libros de texto para el éxito académico: el Programa Institucional de la Facultad de Medicina

This article describes the process for the publication of textbooks created expressly specifically for the degree of general practitioner of the Faculty of Medicine (FacMed) of the UNAM. This program was created in 2016 as an initiative of Dr. Fajardo Dolci, with the objective of promoting an editorial program for the elaboration of books of the academic programs of the FacMed. It includes the chronology of publications on: El razonamiento clínico en la era de la medicina digital, Informática biomédica II, La medicina en la historia, Competencias digitales básicas para el médico general, Informática biomédica I, Morfología humana, El aprendizaje de la farmacología a través de ejercicios (Clinical Reasoning in the era of Digital Medicine, Biomedical Informatics II, Medicine in History, Basic Digital Skills for the General Practitioner, Biomedical Informatics I, Human Morphology and Learning Pharmacology through Exercises). The situation of the delivery of copies and the fund for student scholarships is globally contained; the access, use and sale of the works of said program; as well as the projects that are in transit with an upcoming appearance. Keywords: Textbooks; electronic books; educational innovation; didactic resources; higher education

Science education in early childhood education mediated by technologies: a systematic review

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The development of scientific competencies in early childhood education allows the understanding of the world that surrounds the infant, historically it has been done from the exploration of the environment, however, the use of technologies is a current need in the learning processes, continuous improvement and contextualization of pedagogical practice in early childhood education. Objective: to identify training trends in scientific competencies in early childhood education focusing on teaching strategies and didactic resources mediated by educational technology. Methodology: the review was based on a qualitative approach, a search was carried out in the SCOPUS database characterizing the title of the article, abstract and keywords with the following search criteria: early AND childhood AND science AND education AND educational AND technology, applying the filter Source type: Journal in the period between 2007 and 2022 for a subsequent hermeneutic analysis taking into account the categories of teaching strategies and didactic resources. Results: it was found that there is a strong tendency to use the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics -STEM- models; in the case of didactic resources, the use of robots, online and interactive educational applications, websites, use of mobile devices and software for tactile use and computer equipment stand out in the literature reviewed. Conclusions: the present study allows highlighting that it is important to take into account technological, pedagogical and content limitations when implementing teaching strategies in early childhood education, since these limitations can affect the success of educational practices and the ability of teachers to teach scientific competencies effectively.

Nonlinear Pedagogy Effect and Value of the City and New Technologies as a Didactic Resource in the Training of Future Teachers

Education today requires teachers to have a holistic perspective towards students at all levels. In this way, pedagogy evolves from traditional positions to more current models, such as nonlinear pedagogy, where the learner is the focus of the didactic process, which is part of 54 subjects from the master’s degree in teacher training. Mixed research is carried out through new information technologies and the city as an educational resource. The effect on mood was measured with the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, motivation with the Situational Motivation Scale, and content assessment. The results show that positive mood improves after the intervention and the factors that negatively affect mood decrease, with significant differences except for the anger factor. Motivation is mainly intrinsic. The analysis of the data shows modifications in the feelings of the individuals after their participation in the activity, although significant differences are shown depending on the sociodemographic profile of the individuals, particularly in gender, age and employment status. In conclusion, the use of a nonlinear pedagogy, outside the classroom, with the interaction between students, teachers, and the use of information technologies, modifies the mood in a positive way and increases the motivation of future teachers in secondary education.

Use of virtual classrooms to support teaching in the mixed modality, of the subjects of Ecological Engineering and Air conditioning and refrigeration

To help reduce the problem of remote knowledge imparting, such as not having access to a computer during class time, not being able to rent an hour of internet or not having Wi-Fi, the authors of the article generated the project PAPIME with PE100222 code, which aims to Generate new didactic resources to improve the teachinglearning process of the aforementioned subjects, so that it can be used in the online and mixed modality. As a first stage, they created virtual classrooms in Classroom and Moodle where they included didactic material such as class videos, notes, support texts, infographics, mind maps, word search, crossword puzzles and practical activities that can be done from home for each subject of the project. . This article presents the actions carried out as the second stage of the project, which includes the adjustments made to each virtual classroom based on the opinions of the students who used them and the generation of virtual classrooms to include support material for the presentation of the extraordinary ones of the subjects involved.

The Influence of Cultural Snapshots on Pre-service Teachers' Attitudes Towards Death Education.

Cultural snapshots may be a didactic resource that promotes the understanding of death and provides teachers with tools that can be used to work with students. This study aims to analyse pre-service teachers' attitudes towards death education. A quantitative longitudinal panel design with pre-test and post-test measures was applied, with descriptive, inferential, and predictive approaches. The sample consisted of 161 pre-service primary teachers from a Spanish university who responded to the validated questionnaire "Death Education Attitudes Scale-Teachers" (DEAS-T). The results reveal an improvement in their attitudes towards death education after implementing cultural snapshots in class, producing significant differences between the pre-test and post-test according to gender, in favour of the male participants. The variables of death anxiety and adequate training are relevant for predicting the attitudes of both genders, in addition to the motivation variable in male participants and the variable of interest towards the topic in female participants.

Learning to Live with an Unruly Consuming Body

Abstract Past research shows that successful consumer learning takes place in environments that support cooperative communities of practice, that enable access to refined didactic resources, and that provide a safe, sympathetic backstage for a controllable and able learning body to durably transition from one repertoire to another. This study complements existing research by investigating a group of lactose-intolerant consumers who must learn to transition to a new consumption repertoire because of socially embarrassing symptoms. Consumers must engage in high-risk, unguided, experiential learning pathways in a less than sympathetic frontstage, without the support of a cooperative community or a well-developed vocabulary, and while grappling with an impaired and unruly body in a dynamic marketplace. The findings demonstrate that consumers adapt to this hostile learning environment by surfing between different consumption repertoires in a fluid, impermanent manner.

Applications of Virtual and Augmented Reality Technology to Teaching and Research in Construction and Its Graphic Expression

Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology is constantly evolving and is used in various fields of work in our daily lives. However, traditional methodologies are still mostly used in education. There is a disconnect between education and the world of work, and future professionals need to be updated to new working methods in order to be able to compete in the labour market. The main objective of this study is based on testing the effectiveness of digital didactic resources in the teaching–learning process, as well as providing students with the digital competences to use these tools. The methodology generated by the research team in the development of architectural projects has been applied in teaching workshops with experimental and motivating strategies for students using accessible digital teaching resources that allow autonomous learning. With this we have proven the effectiveness of the method and the opportunities it offers us in education. The results obtained have been twofold: on the one hand we have increased the interest and motivation of the students by making them participants in their own training, and on the other hand we have started a fruitful path in the generation of repositories with virtual didactic content that allows us to provide greater accessibility to knowledge.

The use of subtitled TV series as a didactic resource for the EFL class in higher education

Language teaching models are constantly changing. From learning based on a system of in-class, repetitive, grammar-oriented activities, we have moved to ubiquitous learning (u-learning), where the resources and tools used gain importance compared to elements such as time and space.In this scenario, TV series with integrated subtitles appear as a resource to improve listening, speaking and vocabulary skills among Spanish students of English as a Second Language (ESL). The main objective of this article is to present a case study that includes watching TV series as a continuous activity outside the classroom to motivate university students to achieve a real improvement in listening, speaking and vocabulary skills.This gives an additional boost to students’ language competences and introduces an extra motivation factor for them tocontinue using English outside the academic environment. Los modelos de enseñanza de idiomas están en constante cambio. De aprender basado en un sistema de actividades repetitivas y orientadas a la gramática en el aula, hemos pasado al aprendizaje ubicuo (u-learning), donde los recursos y herramientas utilizados ganan importancia en comparación con elementos como el tiempo y el espacio. En este escenario, las series de televisión con subtítulos integrados aparecen como un recurso para mejorar las habilidades de escucha, habla y vocabulario entre los estudiantes españoles de inglés como segundo idioma (ESL). El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar un estudio de caso que incluye ver series de televisión como una actividad continua fuera del aula para motivar a los estudiantes universitarios a lograr una mejora real en las habilidades de escucha, habla y vocabulario. Esto brinda un impulso adicional a las competencias lingüísticas de los estudiantes e introduce un factor de motivación adicional para que continúen utilizando el inglés fuera del entorno académico.

Exploring folk songs to educate for resilience

PurposeCovid-19 pandemic, war, climate emergency and other recent challenges are inflicting tremendous stress to youth. However, death and tragedy are nowadays considered taboo, as there is generally no standardized nor naturalized discussion on the subject, especially with young people. The current multi-crisis scenario is intensifying the need to incorporate an education on tragedy and resilience in our learning systems. In this context, it is necessary to find suitable teaching resources for this educational challenge that are attractive, entertaining and suitable for children and youth. A resource that meets all these requirements are children’s folk songs (CFSs). Apart from the intrinsic educational potential of music, folk songs have a simplicity and musicality that make them an ideal teaching resource. Considering their oral historical transmission, their survival confirms the attraction that this type of composition causes on children. However, to consider CFSs as an adequate resource to carry out an education for death and tragedy, it is necessary to study whether they present a non-negligible proportion of tragic passages and with enough variety of themes. This paper aims to address the study of the presence of explicit tragic content in Spanish CFSs and thus could be considered a cultural resource with transformative educational potential to develop resilience capabilities on the face of tragedy.Design/methodology/approachAn analysis of lyrics of 2,558 Spanish CFSs is presented, using a manual content analysis as well as a computerized content analysis with the aim of identifying the tragic component of these songs and, thereby, assessing their pedagogical potential as a transformative educational resource.FindingsThe results obtained show a considerable presence of death and tragedy (19.78%) and a variety of tragedy dimensions. CFSs have been transmitted orally not only as a ludic resource, but also to prepare children for life (and death). The results show the complementarity of both analyses to avoid subjectivity while considering the underlying meanings of the songs.Originality/valueThis task had previously not been approached in an automated manner in the literature, nor there had been a similar study with a sample of this magnitude. The outcomes obtained show the considerable presence of tragedy in Spanish CFSs and emphasize the interest of this currently undervalued didactic resource.

Landscape changes in the city of Barbacena – Minas Gerais recorded in photographs as a didactic resource for Environmental Education processes: A proposal in the light of Historical-Critical Pedagogy

The present study proposes a critical pedagogical practice in Environmental Education, using as a teaching resource photographic sequences from the city of Barbacena-Minas Gerais, which captured the transformations in its urban environment, with the purpose of awakening in students a critical perception of their reality. local and then think about global issues. For this, the methodological perspectives of Tozoni-Reis (2009) were used about the guidelines in Environmental Education research and the analyzes of the selected photographs were constructed from the method described by Panofsky (1979) contemplating denotative and interpretive elements of the images. Based on analyzes and discussions based on the basic theoretical framework of this study, a proposal was built to be carried out by teachers working in Environmental Education in the light of the path proposed by Saviani (1983) for teaching processes supported by Historical-Critical Pedagogy. It was concluded that the proposed theoretical and practical path opens several possibilities for the generation of critical and sensitive stimuli considering scientific and popular knowledge. In addition, it will enable ties and approximation with the identity of values of the students' community, representing a singularity of community values, memories and singularities, contemplating Emotional and rational skills and building cultural resistances in counterpoint to global reality

In-Service Teacher Education Program through an Educational Design Research Approach in the Framework of the 2030 Agenda

Science education plays a key role in promoting Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) through the training of informed and participatory citizens committed to the management of our planet and its resources. This work presents the design and assessment of an In-Service Teacher Education Program (ISTEP) through an Educational Design Research approach aiming at developing skills that make it possible to operationalize the experimental practical teaching of science topics, within the scope of ESD, in an articulated, coherent, and progressive way throughout Basic Education. It was implemented with 14 teachers from the three cycles of Portuguese Basic Education (ages 6–15), and focused on “Soils”. An integrated set of activities and respective didactic resources were co-built (the trainer-researcher with the in-service teachers) with a progressive, systematic, and sequential vision of the “Soils” theme. The content analysis of the teachers’ answers to questionnaires and during the final reflection point to an improvement in their practices regarding the ability to plan and design didactic resources on science topics from a Sustainable Development perspective. This ISTEP can be adapted to other themes and educational contexts, namely through close cooperation on education issues, which is one of the lines of action of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries.

The Use of Technology as an Instrument to Promote School Coexistence

The phenomenon of school coexistence has gained special relevance in recent years, mainly due to the increase in conflict situations among students. The main objective of this work has been to carry out a systematic review of the scientific literature on the impact of the application of technologies as a didactic resource for the improvement of school coexistence, as well as to find out the current and future lines of research in this field of investigation. For this purpose, a total of 14 scientific articles indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were selected following the principles of the PRISMA Declaration. The results show that, although the scientific literature on the implementation of technologies for school coexistence is limited, didactic strategies measured with technologies reduce cases of school conflict. Among the conclusions are that technologies are tools to be taken into account for the improvement of school coexistence; however, their misuse due to a lack of digital skills can lead to violent behaviour on the part of students.

Teaching Sprinkler Irrigation Engineering by a Spreadsheet Tool

Since being released 40 years ago, computer spreadsheets have proven to be worthwhile for use in educational contexts. There is plenty of evidence for this in practically every scientific discipline and engineering field. In view on this fact, the present work exposes a didactical resource, named the sprinkler irrigation tool, developed in Excel® spreadsheet licensed by 2018 Microsoft©. The objective of this tool is to offer an alternative to students in irrigation engineering, particularly for those training in the design of sprinkler irrigation systems so they can develop their theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired in laboratory and field experiments. The main findings reported in this paper address well-agreed methodologies for evaluating radial patterns of precipitation rates, diameter distribution frequency, ballistic simulation of water drops’ movement through air, kinetic energy, and performance indicators as part of the core parameters of efficient irrigation system management. This computing tool provides outcomes in tabular and graphical formats that are consistent with those found in studies previously published in specialized literature on related topics. Likewise, spreadsheets have been proven to be adequate pedagogical instruments on the path to achieving meaningful learning; however, this assertion still needs to be confirmed through a rigorous study of students who have used the developed tool.

The Co-Poem Project: Didactic Resources and Pedagogical Projection for Musical Education in Primary School

Orally transmitted traditional music constitutes an invaluable intangible legacy for understanding the development of local cultures and observing social dynamics over time. The Co-Poem project aims to make a significant corpus of these musical cultures available to any user in the Mediterranean basin by creating the I-Folk database, which allows access and consultation through semantic technologies and artificial intelligence, to promote knowledge of this cultural reality and perpetuate its intergenerational transmission. The conceptualization of both resources is oriented to the practice of music teaching in primary education. From this point of view, the structure of metadata that musically describes each work and the implementation of access resources to the corpus under study are analyzed from the point of view of the pedagogical function. All these issues are materialized in creation of various educational resources based on the possibilities of the I-Folk database to promote meaningful and interactive learning of musical content (melody, rhythm, dance, etc.) based on the defining characteristics of this type of repertoire. Recent interventions and didactic activities in primary schools show that both the I-Folk database and the associated resources and the search and comparative analysis functionalities between repertoires from different territories constitute a tool highly appreciated by teachers and arouses great interest among students.

Didactic games to stimulate the learning of the periodic table in first-year high school students

Didactic games are attractive and motivating tools; they draw students' attention to the subject, quickly activate the learning mechanism, allow each student to develop their skills, and break the routine schemes in the classroom for teaching. The primary purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of didactic games as a pedagogical strategy in the teaching-learning process of the periodic table in first-year high school students. The research was applied to 60 students under a quasi-experimental modality, where two didactic games were implemented in an experimental group and another control group. It was developed with the application of the traditional teaching method. It was possible to observe that bingo and the chemical deck are suitable didactic activities, improving the students' attention. It is concluded that the game represents a didactic resource for teaching chemical elements, significantly improving grades.

FORMATION OF SOFT SKILLS IN PUPILS THROUGH THE CONTENTS OF “CIVIC EDUCATION” COURSE

The article researches the didactic resource of the subject field “Civic Education” regarding the possibilities to form a complex of soft skills at high-schoolers. The means of analysis of the methodological tools of the course revealed that the main components of soft skills, which were summarized in four groups in the study, namely: educational, literacy skills, social and personal skills, can be acquired at the lessons; groups of methods that can be used as trainings to form comprehensive skills at pupils were proposed. In the course of the study, it was established that some universal skills, such as leadership qualities, time management, flexibility, need to be specified through separate courses, which was the area of mutual responsibility of the subjects of the educational process. It was confirmed that teaching should take place on the basis of a balance between the formation of hard skills and soft skills, which corresponded to the conceptual principles of the New Ukrainian School reform and the new challenges of a globalized society. The relevance of the idea of a holistic approach to education grounding on the principle of balance, which involved a harmonious combination of mental development with emotional, creative, and spiritual one was determined; inclusiveness, which meant building an educational process based on dialogicity, partnership and connection of knowledge and experience. It was confirmed that the search for effective strategies for the formation of soft skills and forms of their implementation by means of subjects of various educational fields remained a promising direction of research in pedagogical theory and practice, requiring reflection and dissemination of experience at various levels of education.
 Keywords: soft skills; universal competences; educational process; civic education; comprehensive skills; methods of soft skills formation; holistic approach to teaching; educational practices.

Statistical Analysis of Professors’ Assessment Regarding the Didactic Use of Virtual Reality: Engineering vs. Health

Virtual reality (VR) has proven to be an efficient didactic resource in higher education after the pandemic caused by COVID-19, mainly in the Engineering and Health Sciences degrees. In this work, quantitative research is carried out on the assessments made by Latin American professors of Health Sciences and Engineering of the didactic use of VR. Specifically, the gaps by university tenure in the assessments given by the professors of each of the two areas of knowledge analyzed are identified. For this purpose, a validated questionnaire has been used, which has been applied to a sample of 606 professors. As a result, it is shown that the professors of Engineering and Health Sciences have similar self-concepts of their digital competence, but the Engineering professors give higher values to the technical and didactic aspects of VR. Moreover, in both areas, professors from private universities rate VR technologies more highly than those from public universities, this gap being wider in Health Sciences. Finally, some recommendations are offered regarding digital training and the use of VR, derived from the results of this study.