Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults Research Articles

Association between short-term pollen exposure and blood pressure in adults: A repeated-measures study

BackgroundRecent studies have related high pollen concentrations to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet very little research concerns pre-clinical cardiovascular health, including effects on blood pressure (BP). The EPOCHAL panel study investigated the exposure-response relationship between ambient pollen exposure and systolic and diastolic BP in adults. MethodsBP was measured in 302 adults with and in 94 without pollen allergy during the pollen season, on approximately 16 days per person (6253 observations). Average individually-relevant pollen exposure in the 96 h prior to each BP measurement was calculated by summing up the averages of all ambient pollen concentrations to which the individual was found to be sensitized in a skin prick test, and which originated from seven highly allergenic pollen types (hazel, alder, birch, ash, grasses, mugwort and ragweed). Generalized additive mixed models were used to study the association between mean individually-relevant pollen exposure in the last 96 h and BP, adjusting for individual and environmental time-varying covariates. Effect modification by pollen allergy status, sex and BMI was evaluated. ResultsPositive non-linear associations between individually-relevant pollen exposure and both systolic and diastolic BP were found in the allergic but not in the non-allergic group. BP increased sharply for exposures from zero to 60/80 pollen/m3 (diastolic/systolic BP), followed by a tempered further increase at higher concentrations. Increases of 2.00 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–3.19] in systolic and 1.51 mmHg [95% CI: 0.58–2.45] in diastolic BP were associated with 96-h average pollen exposure of 400 pollen/m3, compared to no exposure. Obesity and female sex were associated with larger BP increases. ConclusionsThe finding that short-term pollen concentration is associated with increased systolic and diastolic BP in persons with pollen allergy strengthens the evidence that pollen may cause systemic health effects and trigger cardiovascular events.

The effects of caffeine supplementation on blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Hypertension is a serious complication linked to a higher risk for organs. Caffeine is a natural component that affects the cardiovascular system, while the mechanisms of its effects are not fully established. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of caffeine supplementation on blood pressure (BP) by conducting a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). We searched online databases using relevant keywords up to July 2022 to identify RCTs using caffeine on systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in adults. Inclusion criteria were adult participants ≥18 years old for subjects, examining the effect of caffeine supplementation on BP, and RCTs studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence (CI). The pooled of 11 effect sizes analysis of 8 studies demonstrated significant increases in SBP (WMD:1.94mmHg; 95%CI:0.52, 3.35; p=0.007) and DBP (WMD:1.66mmHg; 95% CI:0.75, 2.57; p=0.000) after caffeine supplementation. The subgroup analysis showed that caffeine supplementation more effectively increased SBP and DBP in males than females. Moreover, meta-regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between the dose of caffeine intake and changes in SBP (p=0.000), DBP (p=0.000), and duration of the trial in SBP (p=0.005), and DBP (p=0.001). The non-linear dose-response analysis detected the dosage of supplementation >400mg/day is effective for increasing DBP (p=0.034), and the duration of supplementation of more than nine weeks makes increasing in both SBP and DBP. This meta-analysis shows that caffeine supplementation significantly increased SBP and DBP in adults.

Overweight (BMI of 25-30) Is Independently Associated With Significantly Higher Prevalence of Systolic and Diastolic Hypertension in Adults.

Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity has been found to be associated with HTN. However, there are not many studies available to evaluate any association between overweight alone and HTN. A database from the Anthony Bates Foundation that performs preventive cardiovascular examinations including measurement of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure across the United States was used for our study. Using recorded measurements, we evaluated any association between being overweight defined as a BMI of 25 to 30 and the occurrence of systolic and diastolic HTN in adults over the age of 18 years. A total of 1558 participants with documented BMI and blood pressure over the age of 18 years were studied. Among them, 758 participants had a normal BMI, and 800 had a BMI in overweight category. The prevalence of systolic and diastolic HTN was significantly higher in participants in the overweight versus normal weight cohort. Systolic HTN was present in 36% of participants in the overweight versus 14% of the normal weight group ( P < 0.00.1). Diastolic HTN was present in 43% of participants with overweight versus 21% of normal weight cohort ( P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained independently associated with overweight (SBP prevalence OR, 2.8; CI, 2.1-3.6; P < 0.001; DBP prevalence OR, 2.1; CI, 1.7-2.7; P < 0.001). Our study found that increased BMI in the overweight category alone is independently associated with SBP and DBP in adults undergoing screening warranting further investigation.

Salat Dhuha Improves Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly has hypertension, dominated by women. The primary prevention of hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. Salat dhuha is a moderate-intensity physical activity. Salat 2 movement cycles demonstrated improved systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Our study purpose was to assess the effect of 2 and 8 movement cycles (rakaat) of salat dhuha to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in healthy Muslim elderly women. Muslim elderly women in a government senior residence (aged 60-74 years) participated in a 6 weeks controlled trial. We completed formal physical, clinical, and blood assessments before admission. Participants with hypertension history were excluded. The participants were randomized into 2 groups. The intervention group performed 8 rakaat of salat dhuha (n=13) and the control group performed 2 rakaat of salat dhuha (n=13). Two participants were dropped out of this study. At baseline and at the end of 6 weeks, a blood pressure examination is recorded. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to analyze the data. The baseline characteristics of the two groups of participants were homogeneous. Compared to the control, the 8 rakaat of salat dhuha achieved a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P0.05) at the end of the 6-weeks period. The findings show that salat dhuha has significant potential to improve blood pressure.

High-Intensity Interval Training for Hypertension

Apply It! This article explores the frequency, intensity, time, and type framework within the context of HIIT, the unique elements of HIIT (e.g., intensity and work-to-recovery ratio), and concludes with examples of HIIT exercise regimens. By reading this article, health and fitness professionals will be reminded of the following takeaways: • HTN develops gradually and is generally the product of lifestyle choices concerning diet and exercise. • Although HTN is routinely treated with pharmacological intervention, lifestyle intervention is a primary therapeutic option for those newly diagnosed with hypertension. • Research supports the implementation of aerobically based HIIT and MICT for inducing similar reductions in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in adults with pre-HTN and/or HTN. • HIIT for any client must be introduced gradually — and deliberately — over time. The introduction of HIIT should start with a single, brief set of HIIT (e.g., a few minutes of HIIT) to evaluate the client’s readiness and receptivity to the approach.

The Association Between PM2.5 and Blood Pressure in Indonesia

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Indonesia faces significant air quality issues due to peatland fires associated with agricultural land management and rapid urbanization. Limited prior research has estimated the episodic shock of intense fires on morbidity and mortality in Indonesia but has largely ignored the impact of poor air quality on biomarkers of chronic disease risk. We conducted a cross-sectional study of the association between particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM₂.₅) and blood pressure. METHODS: Blood pressure was obtained from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS5), fielded in late 2014 and early 2015. The IFLS is an ongoing population-based socioeconomic and health survey. We used a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem version 12.8.2, to simulate daily PM₂.₅ concentrations at 0.5° x 0.625° resolution across the IFLS domain. GEOS-Chem, a three-dimensional atmospheric composition model, was used to assign PM₂.₅ exposure based on each participant’s kabupaten, or district, of residence. We assessed the association between PM₂.₅ and blood pressure, using mixed effects models with random intercepts for kabupaten and household and adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, BMI, hypertension medication, education, subjective socioeconomic status, and seasonality. RESULTS:For each 10 µg/m³ increase in PM₂.₅ in the month before the clinical exam, we find a 0.14% (95% CI: -0.01, 0.28) increase in diastolic blood pressure in adults, with a greater association seen in participants age 65 and over (0.6%, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.17). For the same exposure metric, there was a 0.8% (95% CI: 0.18, 1.41) increase in systolic blood pressure in participants 65 and older. CONCLUSIONS:To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence for an association between PM₂.₅ and blood pressure in Indonesia. If this association is causal, the health burden of air quality within Indonesia may be severely underestimated. KEYWORDS: air pollution, particulate matter, wildfires, cardiovascular diseases

The Effect of Saffron Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The favorable influences of saffron supplementation on metabolic diseases have previously been shown. We aimed to assess the effects of saffron supplementation on blood pressure in adults. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the effect of saffron supplementation on blood pressure in adults up to March 2021. The primary search yielded 182 publications, of which eight RCTs were eligible. Results: Our results showed that saffron supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD): −0.65 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.12 to −0.18, p = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: −1.23 mmHg; 95% CI: −1.64 to −0.81, p < 0.001). Moreover, saffron supplementation reduced DBP in a non-linear fashion, based on duration (r = −2.45, p-nonlinearity = 0.008). Conclusions: Saffron supplementation may significantly improve both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. It should be noted that the hypotensive effects of saffron supplementation were small and may not reach clinical importance.

Effects of cinnamon supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Introduction: Hypertension is a chronic condition that might lead to renal and cardiovascular diseases. The previous trials examining the effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure have led to conflicting results. The present systematic review aimed to summarize the effect of cinnamon supplementation on blood pressure using a meta-analysis of published randomized controlled clinical trials.&#x0D; Methods: To identify the eligible articles, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception until September 2019 for relevant articles. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane collaboration tool. A Random-effects model was applied to calculate the summary effects.&#x0D; Results: Totally, 11 trials with 686 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The dose of cinnamon supplement consumption varied from 500 to 10000 mg/d. The meta-analysis revealed that cinnamon supplementation significantly decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP) [WMD (weighted mean difference)= -5.72 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.63 to -2.80; P&lt;0.001, I2= 81.1)] and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD= -4.06 mmHg, 95% CI: -6.68 to -1.44; P= 0.002, I2 = 88.6). Subgroup analysis suggested no significant reduction of DBP in subjects with diabetes (WMD= -2.015 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.55 to 0.52; P= 0.12, I2 = 72.3) and prediabetes or metabolic syndrome (WMD= -4.8 mmHg, 95% CI: -10.06 to 0.44; P= 0.073, I2= 92.5).&#x0D; Conclusions: Cinnamon supplementation could be beneficial in lowering SBP and DBP in adults. Further studies with different doses are recommended to confirm the present findings.

Abstract P128: Age-related Patterns In Systolic And Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults From The United States And India

The purpose of this cross-sectional, exploratory analysis was to describe age-related patterns of blood pressure (BP) among participants in India (using the 2014 Annual Health Survey) and the United States (using National Health &amp; Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2016). We included 10,759 U.S. and 790,641 Indian participants aged ≥20 years with ≥2 BP readings. We plotted mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) across 5-year age groups and estimated best fit models. SBP increased linearly with age in both sexes and study populations (R 2 : 0.88-0.99; Fig. 1-2). Those with overweight/obese BMI had higher SBP and modestly higher rates of increase in SBP. DBP followed a quadratic curve (R 2 : 0.68-0.99), peaking in the 5-6th decade (45-49 years in U.S. and 50-59 in India) with higher and earlier peaks in those with elevated BMI. The models’ strong fit and similarity between study populations supports the notion that physical processes underly BP’s age-related changes.

Epidemiological Studies on the Association between Chronic Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

The aim of this study was to review epidemiological studies on the association between chronic exposures to road traffic noise and prevalence of arterial hypertension as well as blood pressure by using meta-analyses. A systematic literature search in the databases Medline® and Web of science™ as well as the database OpenGrey was conducted to identify suitable studies, namely epidemiological observational studies assessing objective exposures to road traffic noise at the subject's home place with analysis of their potential associations with arterial hypertension or blood pressure. Whenever possible, overall effects for the different relationships were estimated with meta-analyses. For statistical analyses R for windows was used. A total of 31 eligible studies were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted for potential association between road traffic noise and prevalence of arterial hypertension in adults and for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults and children. There was a significant (p<0.01) increase of risk for arterial hypertension in adults when exposed to chronic road traffic noise with an increment of 7% per 5 dB(A). Overall effects for systolic blood pressure were positive but weak for children as well as adults without any statistical significance. For diastolic blood pressure there appeared to be no relationship with chronic exposure to road traffic noise in either of the two groups. Considering the multiple methodological limitations of studies examined as well as the high level of heterogeneity in all random effects models, the estimated overall effects must be interpreted with caution. To examine potential associations between road traffic noise and arterial hypertension or measured blood pressure appropriately, more prospective cohort studies are necessary with precise assessments of noise exposure as well as clinical endpoints and with adjustments for relevant cofactors.

P7 Relationship Between Sodium Consumption and Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure In Adults

<h3>Background</h3> Unhealthy eating habits is a top contributor to chronic disease burden in United States. Per American Heart Association, excessive sodium intake can raise blood pressure. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine correlation between sodium consumption and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in adults from 2009 to 2014. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Cross-sectional study which examined dietary intake of sample population derived from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Study participants surveyed for sodium intake (mg/day) and physical examinations were conducted where systolic and diastolic BP were recorded. Inclusion criteria included adults age 18-55 years. Our dataset contained 29,404 participants; of these, 11,441 participants met our inclusion criteria and constitute our study sample (2,424 missing data). Amongst these, 5,529 (48.33%) were men and 5,912 (51.67%) were women. In our study sample, the mean age was 35.90 (SD = 11.25). Our study sample constituted 16.05% Mexican Americans, 9.92% other Hispanics, 38.60% Non-Hispanic White, 21.70% Non-Hispanic Black, and 13.73% other Race - including Multi-Racial. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Exposure variable is the consumption of sodium (mg per day). Outcome measure is average systolic and diastolic BP results collected from participants. Spearman Correlation along with regression analysis to quantitatively define the strength of association between sodium consumption vs systolic and diastolic BP. <h3>Results</h3> Mean sodium intake 3057.04 mg (SD 1688.58, IQR 1945). Mean systolic BP 118.42 mmHg (SD 18.36, IQR 22.0) and mean diastolic BP 65.78 mmHg (SD 14.98, IQR 17.33). No statistically significant correlation and linear relationship found between sodium intake and systolic BP or sodium intake and diastolic BP in both men and women. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is no association between dietary sodium intake and systolic BP and diastolic BP. This may be due to the size of our sample, use of medications and the fact that the sodium intake was only based on 1 day. Average daily sodium intake was noted to be higher than the recommended daily allowance of 2300 mg/day.

Effect of Egg Consumption on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

We identified and quantified the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. We conducted a comprehensive search of medical bibliographic databases up to February 2019 for RCTs investigating the effect of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. Fifteen RCTs were included with a total of 748 participants. Overall, egg consumption had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.046mmHg; 95% CI - 0.792, 0.884) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = - 0.603mmHg; 95% CI - 1.521, 0.315). Subgroup analyses had no effect on pooled results and no heterogeneity was found among included studies. Egg consumption has no significant effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Due to several limitations among existing studies, general conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the beneficial or neutral impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults.

Effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Several studies investigated the impact of pycnogenol on blood pressure. Nevertheless, the results are inconclusive. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on blood pressure. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until March 2018 to find clinical trials, which examined the effect of pycnogenol supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. A subgroup analysis was applied to find out potential sources of interstudy heterogeneity. A total of 12 clinical trials (922 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that pycnogenol supplementation can reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) of (-3.22 mmHg; 95% CI [-5.52, -0.92]) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; -1.91 mmHg; 95% CI [-3.64, -0.18]). Effect of pycnogenol on SBP was more pronounce in subgroup in which pycnogenol was administered along with other treatments. A significant effect of pycnogenol on DBP in studies with >12-week duration, whereas this favorable effect was not observed in subgroup with ≤12-week supplementation. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that pycnogenol had a favorable effect on SBP and DBP. Further, high quality randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm this result.

Temporal trend analysis of stroke and salt intake: a 15-year population-based study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal trends of salt intake with stroke incidence, stroke subtypes, and blood pressure in an adult population. Methods: Data were extracted from Isfahan Salt Study. The stroke incidence rate, average salt intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults, aged over 18 years were considered from 2000 to 2014. The Average Annual Percent Changes (AAPC), parallelism, and the coincidence of trends were estimated, using a permutation test. Results: The trend of salt intake was increased from 2010 to 2014 (AAPC = +1.59, P-value = 0.004). The trend of the stroke incidence rate was nonlinear with two change points in 2003 and 2009. The overall stroke incidence rate increased by 6.65% per year (95% CI: 1.66, 11.8, P-value = 0.015). The temporal trend changes of stroke incidence rate were steeper in patients who aged 40–45 and over 50 years (+6 to +11.5%) than in patients who aged 19–40 and 45–50 (range: −3.3% to 0). The parallelism hypothesis of longitudinal changes between salt intake and ischemic stroke was accepted in patients, aged <50 years (P-value = 0.871). Conclusions: The average salt intake and its cone-shaped variance over 15 years of the study, indicated that salt intake reduction programs and policies were effective to stop associating intake increase until 2007, however, associated intake was increased since that time, which necessitates performing preventive programs. More importantly, the trend of salt intake and ischemic stroke was similar in patients who aged <50 years, regardless of considering their blood pressure.

Medium-term effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to lower blood pressure (BP) particularly in short-term clinical trials. Whether these effects are sustained in the long-term remains to be established. The objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that examined whether dietary nitrate supplementation for more than 1 week has beneficial effects on SBP and DBP. Electronic databases were searched from inception until May 2016. Specific inclusion criteria were duration at least 1 week, report of effects on SBP or DBP or both and comparison of inorganic nitrate or beetroot juice supplementation with placebo control groups. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled BP effect sizes. Thirteen trials met eligibility criteria. The trials included a total of 325 participants with seven to 65 participants per study. The duration of each intervention ranged from 1 to 6 weeks. Ten trials assessed BP in resting clinic conditions, whereas 24-h ambulatory and daily home monitorings were used in six and three trials, respectively. Overall, dietary nitrate was associated with a significant decline in SBP [-4.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -6.1, -2.2); P < 0.001] and DBP [-2.0 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -3.0, -0.9); P < 0.001]. However, the effect was only significant when measured in resting clinical settings as no significant changes in BP were observed using 24-h ambulatory and daily home BP monitorings. Positive effects of medium-term dietary nitrate supplementation on BP were only observed in clinical settings, which were not corroborated by more accurate methods such as 24-h ambulatory and daily home monitorings.

Effect of cocoa on blood pressure.

Effect of cocoa on blood pressure.

Influence of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsFindings were not consistent on the therapeutic effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on blood pressure. We aimed to review systematically and perform a meta-analysis to assess the magnitude of the effect of the DASH diet on blood pressure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among adults. Methods and resultsWe conducted a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of all RCTs which evaluated the effect of the DASH diet on blood pressure including published papers until June 2013, using PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google scholar database. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to find out possible sources of between-study heterogeneity. Seventeen RCTs contributing 20 comparisons with 2561 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that the DASH diet significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 6.74 mmHg (95%CI: −8.25, −5.23, I2 = 78.1%) and diastolic blood pressure by 3.54 mmHg (95%CI: −4.29, −2.79, I2 = 56.7%). RCTs with the energy restriction and those with hypertensive subjects showed a significantly greater decrease in blood pressure. Meta-regression showed that mean baseline of SBP and DBP was explained 24% and 49% of the variance between studies for SBP and DBP, respectively. ConclusionThe results revealed the profitable reducing effect of the DASH-like diet on both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults; although there was a variation in the extent of the fall in blood pressure in different subgroups.

Abstract 023: The Effect of Dietary Protein on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, increasing physical activity, and reducing alcohol consumption and salt intake have been consistently shown to decrease blood pressure. Less well understood is whether increased dietary protein intake may also reduce blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the hypothesis that increased dietary protein intake decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, a registry of soy research trials, bibliography review, and expert consultation were the sources of English and non-English articles published before April 2011. Search terms included randomized controlled trial, blood pressure, dietary proteins, dietary supplements, casein, soy, and meat. Forty randomized controlled trials including 3,277 participants in which amount or source of protein was the only difference between the intervention and comparison groups and that examined blood pressure were included. Using a standardized protocol and data extraction form, two investigators independently abstracted data on study design, participant characteristics, intervention, and treatment outcomes. Net effects of protein on blood pressure were pooled across trials and weighted by the inverse of the variance using random-effects models. Compared to carbohydrate, dietary protein was associated with significant decreases in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure (95% confidence intervals) of -1.75 (-2.31, -1.19) and -1.16 (-1.60, -0.72) mmHg, respectively (all P&lt;0.001). Blood pressure lowering effects of both vegetable and animal sources of protein were observed with significant decreases of -2.22 (-3.18, -1.26) and -2.54 (-3.55, -1.53) mmHg for systolic blood pressure, respectively (all P&lt;0.001), and -1.25 (-2.12, -0.39) and -0.95 (-1.72, -0.19) mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, respectively (P=0.005 and 0.01, respectively). Blood pressure reduction was not significantly different when vegetable protein was compared directly to animal protein. In conclusion, dietary protein intake reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Replacement of carbohydrate intake with protein intake, from either vegetable or animal sources, could be an important strategy for helping to curb the growing pandemic of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Future research is indicated to assess potential differential effects of protein on blood pressure according to hypertension status.

Effects of Resistance Training on Resting Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trails

Objective:To examine the effects of resistance training(RT) on resting blood pressure(BP) by conducting a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial(RCT) studies(1966—2009).Method:Six databases,including MEDLINE,Sportdiscuss,EBSCOhost,Embase,Dissertation Abstracts International database,and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched and studies were selected according criterions.A standard protocol was used to extract information and each trail was weighted by the inverse of its total variance for BP change.The random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis.Meta-regression,publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.Results:A total of 24 RCT were identified,including 31 training groups and 1,003 participants.When all the studies were pooled,the random-effects modeling yielded an average decrease of 3.35 for systolic BP(95% CI=-6.48～-0.22;P=0.0358) and 2.65 for diastolic BP(95% CI=-4.53～-0.77;P=0.0057).No statistically significant results were found in meta-regression,publication bias and sensitivity analysis.Conclusion:Resistance training is effective on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults and old adults.However,the key factors that led to the changes should be further investigated.

Review: aerobic exercise reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults

(2002) Ann Intern Med 136, 493; Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, He J. . Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. . Apr...