Diary Book Research Articles

Overweight and vitamin D deficiency are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome - a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with unknown etiology. Poor dietary intake with nutritional deficiency and overweight have been described to increase the risk of IBS. The aim of the present study was to compare weight and circulating levels of micronutrients in IBS compared with healthy controls.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsPatients diagnosed with IBS and healthy volunteers were recruited. Participants had to complete a dietary diary book and the questionnaires Rome IV, IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS). Weight and height were measured, and blood samples were drawn. C-reactive protein (CRP), cobalamin, folate, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D were analyzed. Differences were calculated between groups and generalized linear model for regressions was adjusted for false discovery rate (FDR).ResultsIBS patients (n = 260) were elder than controls (n = 50) (44.00 (33.25-56.00) vs. 37.85 (30.18–45.48) years; p = 0.012). After adjustment for age, both weight (β: 5.880; 95% CI: 1.433–10.327; p = 0.010, FDR = 0.020) and body mass index (BMI) (β: 2.02; 95% CI: 0.68–3.36; p = 0.003, FDR = 0.012) were higher in patients. Among IBS participants, 48.1% were overweight/obese compared with 26.0% in controls (p = 0.007). Diarrhea-predominated IBS had highest weight (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.077). CRP and cobalamin were higher in patients than controls (p = 0.010 vs. p = 0.007), whereas folate was highest in controls (p = 0.001). IBS patients had lower intake of vegetables (p = 0.026), dairy products (p = 0.004), and cereals (p = 0.010) compared with controls. Despite 21.5% of IBS patients were taking vitamin D supplements, 23.65% of them had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L, compared with 26.0% observed in the control group (p = 0.720). Vitamin D levels were lower in overweight than in normal weight IBS patients (60 (48–73) nmol/L vs. 65 (53–78) nmol/L, p = 0.022). Vitamin D correlated with cobalamin and folate but correlated inversely with TIBC and BMI. IBS patients had a high degree of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which were inversely associated with iron levels. Extraintestinal symptoms were associated with increased BMI.ConclusionIBS patients were often overweight or obese, with low vitamin D levels. High burden of extraintestinal symptoms were associated with overweight and lower iron levels.RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05192603 (Date of registration 11/29/2021) and NCT03306381 (Date of registration 09/18/2017), respectively.

The Effect of Health Education Using Uric Acid Diary Book (URICAB) on Dietary Compliance and Uric Acid Levels in Gout Arthritis Patients

Introduction: Gout arthritis is a non-communicable disease that continues to increase. The prevalence of gout in Indonesia is 7.30% because the adherence to an unbalanced diet. Therefore, innovation is needed to overcome the problems in gout arthritis patients. The Uric Acid Diary Book (URICAB) is a modification of the booklet media in supporting health education. URICAB contains information related to uric acid, diet lists, and diet diary tables. This study aims to analyze the effect of health education on URICAB media on dietary compliance and uric acid levels in gout arthritis patients. Methods: This study used the Quasy Experiment method pretest-posttest control group design with a population of 147 people and sample of 72 people. The independent variable is health education media URICAB, while the dependent variable is dietary adherence and uric acid levels in gout arthritis sufferers. The research instrument used blood samples and dietary compliance questionnaires. The data analysis used the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Mann Whitney U Test, Paired Sample T Test, and Independent Sample T Test. Results: The results of the Mann-Whitney U Test obtained a value of p = 0.046 indicate that there are increasing dietary adherence. The results of the Independent Sample T Test obtained a value of p = 0.025 indicate that health education in URICAB media affected the reducing uric acid levels. Conclusion: URICAB media health education had significant effect to improve dietary adherence to the recommended diet and limiting high-purin diets and adherence to drinking as recommended by health workers and reduce uric acid levels.

Peningkatan Kesadaran Hukum Mengenai Perlindungan Anak Bagi Siswa dan Guru di SMP Negeri 2 Luwuk

Children as the next generation of the nation, must be protected from childhood to adulthood. If a child has been in an environment of crime since childhood, that child can become a criminal in the future, and will disturb people's lives. It is wise for child protection to start in junior high school. Junior high school (SMP) as a place for children to gain knowledge, begins to learn to get along with peers, smaller friends or teachers and begins to understand ways to commit violence against others. Therefore, the protection of children and teachers is currently an important matter and must be a common concern. Lack of understanding and knowledge of legal protection for children in the school environment has resulted in many violations and even criminal acts of violence against children in the school environment. As a result, children do not feel comfortable at school, skip school, or even drop out. Taking into account the legal issues above, the law faculty community service team carried out this service activity as an effort to increase public awareness and teachers that the importance of child protection starts from a child-friendly school environment and teachers. Regarding these problems, we all must pay attention to the protection of children and teachers, including at SMP Negeri 2 Luwuk. In this community service, we provide counseling and outreach to the concept of child protection, namely the urgency of legal protection for children and teachers in schools. The outputs that will be produced through this service are legal counseling activities for the community, scientific articles in the Community Service Journal, Publication in the Media Period (Print/Online), then Mandatory Reports in the form of Service Implementation Results Reports, Activity Diary Books and Financial Record Books.

Development of the Diary Book of Science with the STEM Approach of Discovery in Improving Students' Concept Understanding and Scientific Communication Skills

This study aimed to obtain the product, feasibility and effectiveness of Diary Book of Science media with the STEM Approach Discovery syntax to improve Students' Concept Understanding and Scientific Communication Skills. The research and development method used in this study refers to the method developed by Borg &amp; Gall. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and tests. Diary Book of Science with the STEM Approach Discovery syntax was validated by three validators, namely material experts, media experts and linguists’ experts, to determine the feasibility of the product itself. Students carry out further validation to find student responses and get suggestions for media development. Diary Book of Science with Discovery syntax with a STEM approach is intended to use Diary, which has a discovery learning syntax which is then combined with a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach to the material of the earth's structure and its dynamics. With the study's results showing that it can improve the ability to understand concepts and scientific communication skills, the score of material experts is 89%, media experts are 85.67%, and language experts are 78.67%. The expert validation results for the Diary Book of Science with the Discovery syntax and STEM approach, material for the structure of the earth and its dynamics as a whole, has a percentage of 84.4%. This percentage is included in the very feasible criteria. Media Diary Book of Science with the Discovery syntax with the STEM approach is effectively used to analyze conceptual understanding and scientific communication skills with an increasing percentage of students who achieve learning mastery scores as indicated by differences in pretest and posttest scores

Recommended approaches for French grammar teaching to high school students in the State of Mexico

Grammatical knowledge guarantees successful and pertinent communication in any language. A diagnosis was carried out on thirty high school students, in the State of Mexico, for three years. It consisted of two parts; the teaching practice and the learning obtained by the students, to identify what are the methodologies used in the teaching of French as a foreign language and grammar, what are the recommended approaches, how and when to use them, and what complementary strategies guarantee learning. It was found that, before the diagnosis, the students perceived the French classes with difficulty and without dynamism, and preferred to develop their communication, social, and reading skills, over others such as grammar. The approaches that are recommended for teaching French grammar in high school are Communicative and the Notional-Functional, at the same time using a diary or log book and the weekly and annual didactic planning of the classes. It is recommended to teach grammar gradually, using the context of the students, relying on the similarities of the second language with their native language, and without deep explanations in the first years, but more specifically in the subsequent ones. Carry out a diagnosis before the selection of work material, use a diary book, and do didactic planning of classes, in the teaching of French grammar, facilitate teaching performance and guarantee the effective learning of high school students.

Optimalisasi Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) melalui Program Inovatif

OPTIMIZING THE SCHOOL LITERACY MOVEMENT THROUGH INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS.The government initiated the School Literacy Movement program as an effort to foster a culture of student literacy so that schools must have special programs to optimize the School Literacy Movement. The objectives of implementing this service are 1) Knowing the implementation of the School Literacy Movement at SDN Prawit 1 Surakarta, and 2) Disseminating innovative programs to optimize it. The method of implementing the service includes: (1) the approach method carried out starting from the survey, licensing, and providing motivation for teachers who will take part in the training (2) the method of implementing the program, including the preliminary stage, the stage of socialization and hearings, the implementation stage, and the monitoring and evaluation stage. evaluation. The target of the service is the 11 teachers of SDN Prawit 1 Surakarta. The expected result is the implementation of innovative programs for School Literacy Movement, namely the habit of reading 15 minutes (one child book, diary book, and reading award), library empowerment (mandatory hours of library visits, library ambassadors, library usage guidance, book info), literacy tree, making wall magazines, and posters (posting posters in strategic places and poster competitions between classes).

Expressive Writing Diary Book To Improve Self-Adjustment

The purpose of this study was to create an expressive writing diary as a way to improve the adjustment of seventh grade students at SMP A. Wahid Hasyim Jombang. The research method used is a type of development research with the Borg &amp; Gall model which has 10 steps, namely: 1) research and information gathering, (2) planning, (3) product format development, (4) initial trial, (5) revision product, (6) field trial, (7) product revision, (8) field test, (9) final product revision, and (10) dissemination and implementation. However, with limited time, the researcher only reached stage 5. The results of the material expert test were 88.23%, the media expert test was 92.8%, and the expert test for prospective users was 78.33% so that the overall criteria were very good. , does not need to be revised and good, does not need to be revised. The results of the prototype of the expressive writing diary in the form of a diary with A5 size. The expressive writing diary book media to improve the adjustment of seventh grade students in junior high school has met the product acceptability criteria based on usability, feasibility, accuracy and propriety.

Poor intake of vitamins and minerals is associated with symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Background and AimPoor food habits with insufficient intake of micronutrients have been described in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which could be of importance for development of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. The study aims were to examine intake and plasma/serum levels of micronutrients in IBS and whether these factors were associated with symptoms and restrictions and to study the effects of a starch‐ and sucrose‐reduced diet (SSRD).MethodsOne hundred five patients with IBS or functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) according to Rome IV criteria were included to SSRD/controls for 4 weeks. Patients completed a study questionnaire about lifestyle habits, medical health, IBS‐symptom severity score (IBS‐SSS), visual analog scale for IBS (VAS‐IBS), and diary books before and after study start. Plasma/serum levels of micronutrients were analyzed at baseline.ResultsIntake of micronutrients at baseline was lower than recommended according to national guidelines. Gastrointestinal symptoms were inversely associated with intake and plasma levels of iron. Extraintestinal symptoms and fatigue inversely associated with intake of vitamin B6, phosphorus, magnesium, and iodine, as was plasma levels of iron, and positively associated with plasma iron‐binding capacity. Fatigue was also inversely associated with calcium, iron, and zinc intakes. Plasma ferritin was lower in participants on restrictions. SSRD increased the intake of several vitamins, selenium, and fat, whereas sodium intake was decreased, with markedly reduced symptoms.ConclusionIrritable bowel syndrome patients had low intake of micronutrients at baseline, which associated inversely with total IBS‐SSS, extraintestinal IBS‐SSS, and fatigue. SSRD increased the intake of several micronutrients, which correlated weakly with symptom improvement.

The Problems of Improving the Santri’s Potential Creativity Through Arabic Literacy Skills

Nowadays, pesantren are institutions of Islamic religious knowledge, however, students do not only learn the Qu’ran and the yellow book but they are also taught general knowledge, especially literacy. Limitations of media and internet access affect the intensity of the students writing skills so that the students' writing creativity becomes a contradiction in developing the productivity of the writing tradition in the pesantren. This research is a qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, which describes the problems and potentials of writing PP Darul Ulum Banyuanyar. Data collection was held by observation and interviews. The research findings show that the problem of students is using electronic media and internet access. However, the way students overcome limitations is by writing in diary books, Islamic boarding school mading, bulletin and magazines. The thing that supports writing creativity is the existence of a role model from the tutor and becomes a liaison for publishing works in the media.

Paleolimnological approach for management sustainable use of tropical lakes

Tropical aquatic resources provide ecosystem services, which are affected by human activities. Human-induced environmental change in Indonesian lakes has considerably increased since the new order in 1970. In general, many Indonesian lakes had deteriorated due to sedimentation and eutrophication, which induced the blooming of aquatic plants, mostly by water hyacinth. Water security becomes a problem, particularly in the dry seasons, but water overflow and flooding occur in many places during wet seasons. Landscape and climate changes, pollution, species diversity, preserved in lake sediment, provide long-term proof of environmental changes. This paper will discuss a paleolimnological approach to reconstruct past environmental changes. Paleolimnology is learning about stratigraphy sediment of the lakes where fossils are well preserved in the sediment and provide information about the past conditions of the catchment area. Lakes’ sediment records the changes in condition of the catchment area, like a diary book. Paleolimnology had been studied for Rawapening Lake and Telaga Warna Lake, Dieng. Reconstruction of the past environmental condition is required to predict future conditions. Reconstruction is an activity recreate past conditions by pointing the organism stored in layers of sediment, therefore, reflecting the environmental conditions based on organisms deposited, to develop the best sustainable water resources management, as in alignment with the concept of water – energy – food nexus.

57-OR: A Novel School-Based Obesity Prevention Program Improves Healthy Eating/Lifestyle among 5- to 7-Year-Olds

Background: The foundation for lifelong good health is laid in childhood. Schools can play a pivotal role in preventing obesity/type 2 diabetes with effective interventions. Methods: We devised a novel school-based program using a sticker based food diary (FD) and colorful 12-page story book to motivate young school children to adopt a healthier diet/lifestyle. This study to conducted among 1500 grade 1 and 2 students from 4 schools between March 2018- April 2019, to evaluate its effectiveness. During the first week(W1), each child self-monitored his/her food intake daily at home for a week, using the FD, and received a Smiley Face based Score (SFS) based on the healthiness of each meal. In the second week, class teachers read the story book (illustrating the physical and psychosocial effects of obesity and benefits of healthy lifestyle in a child friendly manner). In the third week(W3) children completed the FD again. Effectiveness of the program to improve healthy eating/lifestyle was assessed by comparing mean SFS between W1 and W3, and by anonymized graded-response and open response questionnaires completed by parents and class teachers. Results: Completed FDs were returned by 1029 students. Overall there was an improvement in healthy eating, with mean SFS increasing by 11.7% from W1 to W3 (51.3 ± 22.9 vs. 63.1 ± 24.2, p&amp;lt; 0.001). SFS improved &amp;gt;10% in all BMI categories. SFS improvement was more in boys (13.0 vs. 9.7, p=0.02), and in 2nd graders compared to 1st graders (13.1 vs. 10.3, p=0.045). Majority of responding parents (&amp;gt; 90%) and teachers (95%) strongly agreed/agreed that this program motivated children towards a healthier lifestyle and led to an observable improvement in food habits. Conclusion: This novel program led to a demonstrable improvement in healthy lifestyle among 5-7 year olds and was received favorably by parents and teachers. Based on these results and positive (ongoing) longer-term follow up data, wider implementation involving 750,000 children is planned for mid 2020. Disclosure S.N. Seneviratne: None. S. Sachchithananthan: None. P.S. Angulugaha Gamage: None. S. Ramamoorthy: None. R. Peiris: None. V.P. Wickramasinghe: None. N. Somasundaram: None. Funding World Diabetes Foundation (WDF15-1291)

DIARY BOOK MEDIA FOR MONITORING THE TEETH BRUSHING ACTION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Background: Indonesian population who brushed their teeth correctly twice a day is only 2.8 %.This shows that education about brushing teeth must start early. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an impact of education using diary book media on the correct action of brushing teeth on elementary school students.&#x0D; Methods: The research design used was quasi-experimental with non- equivalent control group design. Interventions were given to elementary students in one school, and another school was used as a control group. Intervention activities carried out on the students are education using the correct diary or brushing diary. Analysis of the data used is a comparative test with a statistical t-test independent t-test, which aims to find out the average value difference between the group with the intervention and the group that did not get the intervention in the form of a diary media use or rubbing diary tooth&#x0D; Result: The result is that there are differences in the actions of students who brush their teeth correctly in the group that gets the intervention and those who do not get the educational intervention using the media of the tooth brushing diary book. There is a difference in the correct action of brushing teeth between students before and after getting an educational intervention using a tooth brushing diary book.&#x0D; Conclusion: School-age children are a time of imagination, creativity, and storytelling. So the diary or diary is very suitable as an educational medium in the effort to change behavior in introducing the way to maintain health of the teeth.&#x0D; Keyword: Diary Book, Teeth Brushing Action, Students

BIOGRAPHY STUDY OF IDEAS OF SULTAN SULAIMAN (HEAD OF SERDANG SULTANATE V, 1880-1946) FOR ARTS (MUSIC) DEVELOPMENT IN SERDANG SULTANATE

This work presents an academic study of the musical biography of Sultan Sulaiman, the fifth head of Serdang Sultanate, North Sumatera, Indonesia, in period 1880-1946. The discussion will lead to discussing the impact of his musical thinking and activity for the arts (espesially on music) atmosphere in the Sultanate. It will be concern on anything he did for music development in Serdang Sultanate during his commander and the impact after his period. In addition, this study will be presents in brief the correlation between Sultan’s music activity and the political situation at that time. The method used in this research is the qualitative method with biography approach. The data and information will be obtained in two ways, primary and secondary. The data and information which include in primary method will come from interview which use the in-depth interview approach. While the secondary method involves data collection via secondary sources which will come from books, journals, articles, conference papers, published dissertations, audio or video recording, diary book, music hand-sheet and other sources which support the research topic.This study find that Sultan Sulaiman is the root of arts development in the Serdang Sultanate. This is evidenced by the many art activities he conserve and develop such as Nobat Diraja, Mak Yong, Brass Band, and Serampang Dua Belas dance. The activities he did on the past give many impact for art development in Serdang in nowadays. It also stated that the art’s idea of Sultan Sulaiman is a part of political strategy.

Mikhail Prishvin's «Diaries» as a publishing project

The research centers upon the bibliographical study of the history (1991–2017) and prehistory (1957–1990) of M. M. Prishvin’s «Diaries» (1905–1954) publication recognized as the longest (18 volumes) diaries in Russian literature. In modern science Prishvin’s «Diaries» are studied in a number of aspects: as a historical and cultural chron­icle of the country in 1905–1954; the writer’s self-consciousness and creative laboratory; a fiction text in the system of its motives, literary and philosophical contexts, as well as from the point of view of its publishing fate which is narrowly understood as a fragmentary history of its publication. The paper novelty is due to, first, reconstruction of the history and prehistory of the «Diaries» publication, and second, the system analysis of the publication history in connection with the changing economic models of publishing business, types of publishing houses, their repertoire, strategies, and features of the editorial work during the publication of the collected works. Moreover, the author distinguishes three types of ego-texts in Prishvin’s works (sketch books, diary, and diary books) and, accordingly, different publication strategies. The study reveals that within the prehistory of the «Diaries» publication there were two main approaches to their publishing: first, they were published in shortened versions (1986); second, in fragmentary versions based on the thematic or chronological principle, most often in a journal variant. Prishvin’s «Diaries» are considered in the context of the writer’s whole collected works: the pre-Soviet («Znanie Publishing House», 1912–1914) and the Soviet («Gosizdat», 1927–1930, 1929–1931; «Goslitizdat», 1935–1939; «Khudozhestvennaya literature», 1982–1986) periods. The history of Prishvin’s «Diaries» publication in the post-Soviet period is described as a collective book project carried out by the efforts of five state and non-state publishing houses: «Moskovskii Rabochii» (1991–1995), «Russkaya kniga» (1999–2004), «ROSSPEN» (2012); «Novyi Khronograf» (2013–2014); and «Rostok» (2006–2017). The author demonstrates the «Diaries» connection with the repertoire and strategies of these publishers. After the reconstruction of the history and prehistory of Prishvin’s «Diaries» publication from the initial fragments to full print and electronic versions, the author convincingly proves that this long-term collective book project belongs to the local history of the Russian publishing industry in the XX–XXI centuries.

Mikhail Prishvin on Happy Donkeys and the Ladder of Happiness for Each and for All

This article is the first attempt to determine the structure and dynamics of the ‘text of happiness’ in M. M. Prishvin’s works, including his Diaries (1905–1954) in their unabridged and uncensored version, the short stories The Pharmacy of Happiness (1915) and Hunt for Happiness (1926), the essay Old Vita (1918), the poem Phacelia (1940), the fairytale Mast-Tree Grove (1954), and the diary book You and I. The author searches for new approaches to Prishvin’s prose, including fiction published in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, eighteen volumes of his Diaries published from 1991 to 2017, and The Colour and the Cross collection (published in 2017). The research methodology is based on a reconstruction and motif analysis of Prishvin’s text of happiness in terms of its structure and dynamics from 1905 to 1954. The text of happiness in Prishvin’s prose relates to the topics of personal fate, a life journey existing between individual and common being (natural, social, and transcendental), and the freedom to create one’s own destiny. According to Prishvin, happiness is universal, unconditional, ephemeral, and has innumerable forms. Prishvin’s path to his own happiness is a story of critical reflection and distancing from the Marxist (1900–1920s), Nietzschean (the turn of the 1940s), and Soviet atheistic understanding of happiness (1930–1950s). A central strand of this story is defending one’s right to be true to oneself and “to stand on one’s own rock”. Prishvin’s text of happiness recreates a unique life experience in the first half of the twentieth century as an individual transitions from unhappiness to happiness: part of this experience is a feeling of shame about one’s own happiness and the happiness of self-destruction. The text of happiness in Prishvin’s literary oeuvre is structured with a system of leitmotifs, each of which is realised through a system of individual motifs. The author considers the evolution of the motif of the hunt for happiness, reconstructing the evolution of the motif of happiness for all and everyone: from Prishvin’s defence of the personal right to happiness (1900–1920s) to his recognition of equal rights for one and all when at the turn of the 1940s, when, after experiencing the trauma of Soviet collectivism, he began looking for new forms of human unity. His fairytale Mast-Tree Grove is interpreted not as the end of Prishvin’s understanding of happiness but as one step on the ladder.

Find the future from the past: Paleolimnology in Indonesia

Agriculture, hydro electricity power, fisheries, source of drinking water, recreation, and industrial use has led to wide-spread impairment of Indonesia surface waters. Indonesia is rich with various freshwaters, including 840 unique lakes with different size and types, 735 ponds, and 162 dams that covering about 21,000 km2of area, contain about 500 km3of water functions as both economically and ecologically purposes. Indonesia is also one of the biggest listed freshwater endemic species in Asia. However, an increase of population and human activities affect a decrease in quantity and quality of several lake ecosystems that able to induce the destruction up to extinction of the lake ecosystem. An increase of lake utilization, with partial management system without considering the preservation and sustainability of ecosystem had reduced lake functions. Paleolimnological approach is one of science and technological approach to support the successfull of grand design of Indonesian lakes conservation and rehabilitation, specifically on the program of lakes’ development ecosystem monitoring, evaluation, and information system. The studied on (paleo) limnology in Indonesia had been collected and compared. The vertical distribution of trace elements of Ni, Mg, and B were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) with mass spectrophotometry for 44 cm sediment core from Telaga Pengilon Dieng, Java. The paleolimnological studies in Indonesia have been limited, particularly for Indonesian as the first author. Lakes’ sediment records the changes condition of catchment area, like a diary book. Reconstruction of the past environmental condition is required to predict the future condition. This can be done using the organism preserved in the sediment, such as diatoms and pollen. Diatoms are unicellular algae that are used extensively in paleoecology. The diatom assemblages in sedimentary records can make direct and indirect inferences about past environmental conditions. The palynological data on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem are used as an indicator of recent and paleoecological changes, particularly on the climate, history and floral diversity. Paleolimnological analysis increasingly attention is being given to developing the technique to model human activities.

How Do Diaries Begin? The Narrative Rites of Adolescent Diaries in Hungary

This paper examines the narrative tropes of Hungarian adolescent diaries written during and after World War II, primarily focusing on the rhetorical forms of beginning a diary that fall into two categories characteristic of adolescent diary-writing – beginning with an introduction describing the author and their environment, or beginning with a memoir in which the author summarizes the most important events of the period between their birth and the start of the diary. The paper also discusses how adolescents personified their diary books and intended those for their adult selves in the course of diary-writing as dialogue.

A method for reporting and classifying acute infectious diseases in a prospective study of young children: TEDDY.

BackgroundEarly childhood environmental exposures, possibly infections, may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) follows children with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future T1D. TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the child’s infections using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific infectious disease episodes. The numbers and frequencies of acute infections and infectious episodes are shown.MethodsStudy subjects (n = 3463) included children who had attended study visits every three months from age 3 months to 4 years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into infectious disease entities and further arranged them into four main categories of infectious episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of infections was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression.ResultsA total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for infectious diseases recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 infectious episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other infectious episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious episodes were more frequent during winter. Infectious episode rates peaked at 6 months and began declining after 18 months of age. The overall infectious episode rate was 5.2 episodes per person-year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype.ConclusionsThe data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single infectious agents as well as larger arrays of infectious agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of infections among TEDDY participants younger than 4 years fits well with general knowledge of infectious disease epidemiology. This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0333-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The influences of family on the everyday business of a family firm entrepreneur

Family firms are, as the name implies, the overlapping of two big communities, ‘the family’ and ‘the firm’. Researchers from all over the world agree that the influence that a family has on the entrepreneur affects his activities. Another important point in family firms is the daily routines. In these routines, family members can get in touch with the entrepreneur. This study addresses how family firm members influence the acting of the entrepreneur. The theoretical background is based on two contrasting approaches, the principal-agent approach and the principal-steward approach. We employed the ‘diary book method’ to identify various interesting results, notably family firms tested positively to exercising the principal-steward approach and the ‘diary book method’ is an unexpected powerful research tool.

Bodleian Imbroglios, Politics and Personalities, 1701–1716: Thomas Hearne, Arthur Charlett and John Hudson

This essay is about the early career of the antiquarian scholar Thomas Hearne at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Hearne is known today for his series of editions (about 35 vols.) of English medieval chroniclers as well as for his 145-volume diary and commonplace book "Remarks and Collections", which gives a detailed account of scholary life at the beginning of the eighteenth century. Hearne was a nonjuror and a Jacobite, which meant he did not accept English governments after the "Bloodless Revolution" of 1688, and hoped for the return to the English throne of the Stuart dynasty. This political and religious position of the nonjuror minority played a great part in the difficulties Hearne met with in Oxford. Hearne's scholarship, like that of other nonjurors, was motivated by an ideology which in Augustan England became increasingly unpopular and which embarrassed the University authorities. This essay examines the events leading up to the premature end of Hearne's career at the Bodleian Library. I describe the complexity of the situation at Oxford at the time and in doing so I hope to begin to adjust the generally unsympathetic image of Hearne as a person and as a scholar.