Prevalence Of Diabetes Research Articles

Racial disparities in the receipt of therapies for cancer, hypertension, and diabetes, and in mortality in a large population-based cohort of older men with prostate cancer

ABSTRACT Background Racial disparities in treatment and mortality were widely studied among prostate cancer patients; however, few studies considered the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and their treatment status. Objectives To determine whether there are racial discrepancies in the use of anti-cancer, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs in a cohort of long-term survivors of prostate cancer diagnosed in 2007–2015; and to examine racial disparities in mortality after adjustments for their differences in those treatments. Methods We used the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)-Medicare linked database and included records for patients with prostate cancer at age 65 years or older diagnosed from 2007 to 2015 in 17 SEER areas (n = 244,468). Results Among non-Hispanic Blacks with prostate cancer, 86.2% were affected by hypertension, with 62.1% taking antihypertensive medications. Additionally, 45.3% of individuals in this group had diabetes, and 41.1% of them received antidiabetic drugs to manage their respective health conditions. Non-Hispanic Blacks were less likely to receive antihypertensive drugs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-0.99) and antidiabetic drugs (aOR:0.86, 95% CI:0.80-0.92) compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asians were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy and hormone therapy, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. After adjusting for all factors including treatments, the risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality was significantly higher for non-Hispanic Blacks (hazard ratio: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.24-1.51 and 1.22, 95% CI:1.17-1.27) than that of non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusions There were substantial racial disparities in the receipt of cancer treatments and antihypertension and antidiabetic drugs. Non-Hispanic Black patients with prostate cancer still had a considerably higher risk of all-cause and cancer-specific mortality than non-Hispanic Whites after accounting for demographic, therapy, and tumor factors.

Vitamin D binding protein polymorphism is associated with body weight in females.

Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) polymorphism has been linked to parameters related to metabolism, but the problem in hypertensive patients has not been well characterized. The current study sought to characterize the distribution of DBP phenotypes in patients diagnosed with essential hypertension, and evaluate the possible relationships with cardiovascularrisk. We studied 411 Caucasian patients with essential hypertension. DBP phenotypes were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on serum samples. A review of clinical and laboratory measurements for each patient including blood pressure, serum lipids, and body mass index (BMI), as well as rates of diabetes diagnosis, was conducted and compared across DBP phenotypes. A matched control group (n=141) was utilized for initial comparisons. DBP phenotype distribution in the study population was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and parallelled the control group. We found no significant differences for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, lipoprotein(a), or other demographic variables, between DBP phenotypes. Unexpectedly, DBP 2-2 phenotype was associated with a significantly higher BMI, and a greater diabetes prevalence in patients, especially in females. Notably, serum triglyceride levels in females classified as DBP 2-2 were also significantly elevated suggesting the possible metabolic consequences are gender specific. DBP 2-2 phenotype appears to be linked to adverse metabolic features in hypertensive patients, particularly among women. These findings support a potential role for DBP genetic variation as a determinant of obesity and diabetes risk, highlighting the need to consider sex-specific genetic influences in metabolic syndrome risk assessments.

Global type 1 diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality estimates 2025: Results from the International diabetes Federation Atlas, 11th Edition, and the T1D Index Version 3.0.

Global type 1 diabetes prevalence, incidence, and mortality estimates 2025: Results from the International diabetes Federation Atlas, 11th Edition, and the T1D Index Version 3.0.

Diabetes prevalence, awareness, and control in the United States, 2017-2023.

Diabetes prevalence, awareness, and control in the United States, 2017-2023.

Risk of exacerbations, hospitalisation, and mortality in adults with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with normal spirometry and adults with preserved ratio impaired spirometry in Sweden: retrospective analysis of data from a nationwide cohort study.

Risk of exacerbations, hospitalisation, and mortality in adults with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with normal spirometry and adults with preserved ratio impaired spirometry in Sweden: retrospective analysis of data from a nationwide cohort study.

Association of functional disability with cardiometabolic disease status in a national cohort study.

Association of functional disability with cardiometabolic disease status in a national cohort study.

Respiratory symptoms in preserved ratio impaired spirometry: Link to comorbidities and increased mortality risk.

Respiratory symptoms in preserved ratio impaired spirometry: Link to comorbidities and increased mortality risk.

Obesity/overweight prevalence and economic burdens by bariatric surgery, metabolic syndrome, and related comorbidity in 2013-2019: a nationwide descriptive analysis.

Obesity/overweight prevalence and economic burdens by bariatric surgery, metabolic syndrome, and related comorbidity in 2013-2019: a nationwide descriptive analysis.

Medication review in psychiatric patients with diabetes

Research has suggested a possible link between antidepressants and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (Salvi et al., 2017). A higher prevalence of diabetes has also been reported in patients with schizophrenia (De Hert et al., 2009). Management of concurrent diabetes and psychiatric disorders could lead to polypharmacy, with risks of increased adverse drug effects and potential drug‐drug interactions.

Functional Carbohydrates as Innovative Food Ingredients in Diabetes Management: A Succinct Review.

The current upsurge in the incidence of type-2 diabetes as an essentially worldwide public health crisis can be attributed to increasing urbanization, environmental changes, and a shift in employment from heavy to sedentary work with increased automobile use, computerization, and mechanization. To curb the menace and mitigate the prevalence of diabetes, glucose regulation is essential, as high blood sugar levels raise susceptibility to developing type-2 diabetes and its attendant consequences, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, angiopathy, and other conditions. Functional carbohydrate intake represents one of the best dietary strategies employed in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus because it is an affordable, food-sourced, and effective approach that is currently generating research interest. While the efficacy of functional carbohydrates, including dietary fibers, in managing diseases is well established, there remains a significant gap in knowledge regarding their roles in regulating blood sugar and diabetes, as well as the underlying mechanisms of their actions. Therefore, this study aims to explore the role of functional carbohydrates as potential food ingredients in diabetes management. This study comprises a systematic review of pertinent articles published from 2017 to 2024, utilizing two primary online databases, namely, Google Scholar and the PubMed database, alongside additional resources such as ScienceDirect. The findings of this study indicate that functional carbohydrates serve as highly effective food ingredients for managing and regulating blood glucose via various mechanisms, including glycemic control, improved insulin secretion and sensitivity, modification of the gut microbiota, weight management, and enhanced lipid metabolism.

Comparative transcriptomic profiling of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in rabbit ocular subtissues, liver, and duodenum.

Comparative transcriptomic profiling of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in rabbit ocular subtissues, liver, and duodenum.

Hyperglycemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Hyperglycemia-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.

Continuous glucose monitoring: Minimally and non-invasive technologies.

Continuous glucose monitoring: Minimally and non-invasive technologies.

Targeting HbA1c: A strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention

HbA1c, also referred to as glycated haemoglobin, is formed when glucose present in blood combines with haemoglobin present in red blood cells. Blood HbA1c levels are used to establish the mean blood glucose levels for the past two to three months which assists in diagnosing, management, and monitoring type 1 diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes [1]. Elevated HbA1c levels have adverse effects on the body, including dyslipidaemia, hypertension along with an increase in C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity; all these factors play a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) [2]. Uncontrolled diabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Over the years, several studies have been done to determine the value of HbA1c pertaining to the high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, and the results of these studies have been variable. In 2013, Pai et al. found that there is a significantly elevated risk of CHD across nondiabetic women and men with HbA1c levels of >5.5% [3]. Another study conducted in 2013 found that the participants with >6.0% had a considerably higher hazard ratio for mortality from CVD than those with <5.0%. [4]. In 2021, Liu et al. identified a U-shape association between HbA1c and long-term all-cause mortality among individuals with CAD, implying that patients with CAD who exhibit extremely low blood HbA1c levels also have a poor prognosis; these patients may have a better prognosis by ideally maintaining HbA1c levels between 5.7% and 6.7%. [5]. A 2023 research established that a mean HbA1c of 7·86% (7·66% - 8·06%) had the lowest risk of death with a Hazard ratio of 0·63 (0·42-0·95) [6] which is markedly higher than percentages stated in the above-mentioned studies. Pakistan has an estimated diabetes prevalence of 30.8%, which is the highest worldwide [7]. As discussed earlier, high HbA1c levels can lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, thus, it is important for diabetic patients to maintain their HbA1c levels according to values provided in recent studies. Moreover, even non-diabetic individuals should monitor their blood glucose levels as studies have shown that low levels of HbA1c can also have adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Patients should be educated on the importance of maintaining optimal HbA1c levels to prevent development of potentially fatal cardiovascular diseases.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Diabetes and Hypertension Among HIV Patients at Tertiary Hospital, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

Introduction: Diabetes and hypertension are prevalent non-communicable diseases that significantly affect people living with HIV, particularly those on antiretroviral therapy. Despite the increasing recognition of these conditions, their prevalence and associated risk factors among people living with HIV in Tanzania remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among HIV patients attending Child-Centred Family Care Clinic at KCMC Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2024, involving 341 people living with HIV attending the Child-Centred Family Care Clinic at KCMC Hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, file reviews, and physical measurements. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Diabetes was defined as blood glucose level of ≥140 mg/dL. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diabetes and hypertension. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 23.5% (80) while the prevalence of 14.1% (48) was diabetes. Hypertension was most prevalent in individuals aged 36-62 years (71.3%), whereas 70.9% of diabetic patients reported a family history of diabetes. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age was significantly associated with hypertension, with participants aged 18-35 years showing a lower likelihood of hypertension (AOR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.03-0.41; p=0.004) compared to those over 63 years. Participants earning TZs 500,000 or more per month were more likely to develop diabetes as compared to others (AOR=4.112; 95% CI: 1.199-14.108; p=0.025). Conclusion: The findings indicate that socioeconomic determinants are critical in influencing the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among people living with HIV, suggesting that interventions should focus on improving screening and early treatment to at risk groups.

A review of Ayurvedic alcoholic fermentation products used in Prameha Chikitsa

Ayurveda, one of the oldest medical systems, has long recognized diabetes (Prameha) as a significant health concern. This is evident from ancient texts, particularly the Charaka Samhita, where Nidana Sthana (Chapter 4) and Chikitsa Sthana (Chapter 6) provide detailed discussions on its etiology, classification, and treatment. These classical references highlight the historical understanding of diabetes and its management within the Ayurvedic framework. The primary cause of diabetes (Prameha) is an excess of Kaphadosha in the body, which leads to an imbalance in the dhatus (tissues) and upadhatus (sub-tissues). Diabetes (Prameha) presents a significant treatment challenge, as drug therapy must be individualized based on a patient’s body constitution and the stage of disease progression. While numerous antidiabetic medications are currently in use, the steady increase in diabetes prevalence over the years suggests the need for a more refined and innovative treatment approach through the development of novel therapeutic agents. Alcoholic fermented decoctions (Madyajanak Sandhana Kalpana) a process involving controlled alcohol formation within medicinally permissible limits, have been widely recommended in Ayurveda for managing complex diseases. These formulations continue to play a crucial role in Ayurvedic medical practice today. A critical analysis of the broad therapeutic potential of fermented decoctions has led to the hypothesis that they may hold promise in the management of Prameha. Given that diabetes (Prameha) has been recognized as a leading cause of mortality among non-communicable diseases, there is an urgent need to explore novel remedies that not only alleviate symptoms but also modify the disease progression and its harmful effects, offering a more comprehensive and effective approach to diabetes management.

Exploring non-communicable disease prevalence and risk factors among construction workers in urban Mysuru

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, diabetes, which constitutes major contribution to global morbidity and mortality. While lifestyle factors are well-documented contributors, the occupational exposures also play a crucial role. Construction workers, particularly in India’s unorganized sector, face multiple risk factors such as physically demanding labour, hazardous work environments, and limited healthcare access. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of NCDs among construction workers in urban Mysuru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 male construction workers aged 18 years and above over two months (October-November 2024). Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and health assessments included body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure (BP), and random blood sugar (RBS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 30, with logistic regression to determine associations between socio-demographic variables and NCD risk factors. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 32.8%, significantly associated with age (p<0.001) and tobacco use (p=0.026). Diabetes prevalence was 13.7%, also significantly associated with age (p<0.001) and tobacco use (p=0.001). Unexpectedly, non-smokers had significantly higher odds of diabetes (AOR: 13.146, p=0.012). The most commonly reported health complaints were myalgia (32.8%), general weakness (18.4%), and skin infections (11.2%). Conclusions: Construction workers in Mysuru exhibit a substantial burden of NCDs, with age and tobacco use as significant risk factors. Targeted interventions, including workplace health programs and preventive screenings, are essential to mitigate these risks and improve worker well-being.

Association of lifestyle factors and non-communicable diseases among patients attending the NCD clinic of a Government Health Facility in Rural Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes are on the rise in rural India, largely driven by modifiable lifestyle factors. Rural populations, despite slower urbanization, are increasingly experiencing health transitions marked by physical inactivity, tobacco use, and obesity. Objective of this study was to assess the burden of non-communicable diseases and examine the association of anthropometric and lifestyle risk factors among patients attending the NCD Clinic at CHC Mohanlalganj, Lucknow. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 patients aged ≥30 years attending the NCD Clinic at CHC Mohanlalganj from January to March 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and clinical assessment. Anthropometric indicators (BMI, waist circumference), behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity), and clinical markers (skin tags, acanthosis nigricans) were evaluated. Bivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations with hypertension and diabetes. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 36.3% and 28.6%, respectively. Hypertension was significantly associated with older age (p=0.002). Participants with BMI ≥25 kg/m² had higher odds of hypertension (OR=3.418, p=0.013) and diabetes (OR=7.027, p=0.010). Raised waist circumference, tobacco use, alcohol intake, sedentary lifestyle, and family history were significantly associated with both conditions. Skin tags and acanthosis nigricans were also strong predictors of NCDs. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant role of modifiable lifestyle factors and simple clinical markers in the rising burden of NCDs in rural India. Early screening, health education, and behaviour change interventions especially at the primary care level are essential to curb the growing NCD epidemic.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Can Meet the Challenge of Glucose Management and Beyond in Individuals with Type2 Diabetes: An Expert Multidisciplinary Position.

The increasing prevalence of type2 diabetes (T2D) can be considered a global healthcare emergency, with far-reaching burdens on the health and well-being of people with diabetes, their carers and families, and the mounting costs within each national healthcare economy. Although application of diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and a range of connected devices, is starting to have an impact on the outcomes of care for people with type1 diabetes (T1D), similar application for people with T2D is lagging behind. This is a purely cost-based decision, since evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies has shown the significant clinical impact of diabetes technologies for people with T2D, whether they are on insulin therapy or not. Amongst available technologies, it is the lack of widespread access to CGM devices for people with T2D that is most pressing, as these systems have the potential to bring a quantum change in the way people with T2D and their healthcare professionals (HCPs) are supported to manage the adverse impact both of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Central to improving diabetes care for people with T2D is the demonstration in many studies that CGM can actively support healthy behavioral changes to meal planning and physical activity, with concomitant improvements in mental health and quality of life. In this expert opinion, we review the significant evidence base on which application of CGM in people with T2D is founded, and make the case for wider access for every person with diabetes as early as possible after diagnosis, in order to mitigate the global impact of T2D.

Association Between Anemia and Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes vs Non-Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a large number of pregnant women globally and generates significant health complications for both mothers and their newborns. Objectives: To establish anemia prevalence among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by investigating how various demographic and clinical factors influence this relationship. Methods: A six-month comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s. The study enrolled pregnant women n=200 between 18-40 years of age who had single child pregnancies during the gestational period of 24 to 28 weeks. The criteria established by WHO distinguished anemia while the diagnosis of GDM followed the OGTT results using a 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) as per WHO/ADA 2013 guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of maternal individuals (29.8 years) along with body mass index (BMI 29.4 kg/m²) was higher in GDM group members than in non-GDM group individuals; p<0.001. GDM mothers had higher anemia prevalence at 78.3% compared to 57.1% in the other group (p=0.004), alongside lower average hemoglobin measurement results (9.8 g/dL compared to 10.5 g/dL, p=0.001). The analysis using logistic regression established both anemia along BMI and maternal age as independent risks for GDM diagnosis (OR: 2.35, p=0.006). Conclusion: It was concluded that anemia occurs more frequently in pregnant women with GDM, while remaining an independent GDM factor, which also correlates with elevated maternal age and BMI compared to non-GDM women.