Development Of Cognitive Therapy Research Articles

The Establishment and Development of Cognitive Therapy in Chinese Daoism: A Perspective of Innovative Development Based on Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture

The Establishment and Development of Cognitive Therapy in Chinese Daoism: A Perspective of Innovative Development Based on Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture

Efficacy of Metacognitive Training in a Chilean Sample of People with Schizophrenia

IntroductionMoritz et al.’s metacognitive training (MCT), a new development of cognitive therapy, is a manualised group training programme, designed to correct cognitive biases involved in the formation and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, especially delusions. We report on the efficacy of MCT in a Chilean sample of people with schizophrenia. Methods50 outpatients from the Hospital Del Salvador in Valparaíso, Chile, were randomly assigned to the intervention group that received MCT or the control group that only received treatment as usual (TAU). Subjects were assessed at the beginning and end of the study with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ-P) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). ResultsGreater statistically significant improvements were recorded in the MCT group, both in symptoms and cognitive biases and in cognitive insight, than in the control group. When comparing both groups, significant results in favor of MCT were only observed in positive symptoms. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest MCT is superior to TAU in treating positive symptoms. It was not possible to demonstrate its superiority in improving cognitive biases and cognitive insight.

Eficacia del entrenamiento metacognitivo en una muestra chilena de personas con esquizofrenia

IntroductionMoritz et al.’s metacognitive training (MCT), a new development of cognitive therapy, is a manualized group training program, designed to correct cognitive biases involved in the formation and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, especially delusions. We report on the efficacy of MCT in a Chilean sample of people with schizophrenia. Methods50 outpatients from the Hospital Del Salvador at Valparaíso, Chile, were randomly assigned to the intervention group (MCT), or the control group, that only received treatment as usual (TAU). Subjects were assessed at the beginning and end of the study with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ-P) and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). ResultsIn the MCT group, we found larger, statistically significant improvements, in symptoms, cognitive biases and cognitive insight, than in the control group. However, after a direct comparison of both groups, only the improvement in psychotic symptoms for the MCT group, remained significantly different. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest superiority of MCT over TAU in the amelioration of positive symptoms. We could not, however demonstrate its superiority in the improvement of the cognitive biases and cognitive insight.

Getting Out of Language Cocoon: Cognitive Defusion

Treating thoughts directly in psychotherapies was disregarded until development of Cognitive Therapies. So-called distorted or irrational thoughts that are claimed to contribute psychopathology are subjected to Cognitive Therapies. In sessions, cognitive therapists try to help clients to change those thoughts or help them to find alternatives. Various advancements in psychotherapy field started discussions about trying to change thoughts directly in psychotherapy. After development of Cognitive Therapies, recent years have witnessed development of ‘third wave’ psychotherapies and those psychotherapies made it possible to treat thoughts in different ways. Rather than focusing on content, these psychotherapies aim to help clients to develop skills for distancing from thoughts or for looking at those thoughts. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), is a third wave therapy and ACT does not treat thoughts as distorted or wrong. ACT has its roots from philosophical background called “Functional Contextualism” and according to this, one needs to understand the function of a thought in a given context. From this point of view, ACT uses ‘defusion’ techniques to help clients distancing from thoughts that following them is not workable in various contexts. In this paper, we tried to summarize defusion techniques with their theoretical background and we also gave examples of how to use them in therapy room and mentioned about their scientific support.

Enhancing CBT for Chronic Insomnia: A Randomised Clinical Trial of Additive Components of Mindfulness or Cognitive Therapy.

CBT treatments for insomnia can be enhanced using recent developments in cognitive therapy. CBT treatments for insomnia can be enhanced using mindfulness-based treatments. Both cognitive therapy and mindfulness produce additional clinically significant change.

The powerlessness of thoughts – metacognitive therapy for children and adolescents

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a further development of cognitive therapy and was developed by Adrian Wells in the 1990s to treat adults suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. For the first time, this paper introduces a transdiagnostic adaptation of MCT to children and adolescents. Instead of focusing on the content of thoughts or beliefs, as in cognitive therapy, the treatment focuses on reducing negative perseverating thought processes as well as maladaptive attention strategies and coping behaviors. The empirical verification of MCT for children and adolescents is still in a very early stage.

New Frontiers in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression

This article offers a review of the development of cognitive therapy for depression, its basic tenets, and the evidence base related to its efficacy. Recent developments in both the theory and practice of cognitive therapy are discussed, including research related to mechanisms of change, innovations in different intensities of care and stepped care models of depression, integrated treatments for depression, and the challenge of comorbidity. The article concludes with a series of directions for the development of theory, research, and practice. These directions include the integration of mindfulness and third wave therapies into the treatment of depression, diagnostic changes and the implications for treatment, process models of cognitive therapy, effectiveness trials, research and treatment related to onset and recurrence, dissemination and translational research, and internationalization. It is concluded that while cognitive therapy for depression has developed considerably since its inception and has b...

The Age of Evidence-based Psychotherapy With Medication

<P>This month’s issue of <cite>Psychiatric Annals</cite>, guest edited by Scott Stuart, MD, is devoted to interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). One of the originators of this treatment, Myrna Weissman, PhD, summarizes the history of the development of this approach, and discusses the person who was the spark for its development, Gerald Klerman, MD, who, along with Aaron Beck with the development of cognitive therapy at about the same time, first advanced the field toward evidence-based psychotherapy. The insistence on studies demonstrating the effect of psychotherapy was a major step forward in the field, which has made IPT and cognitive therapy the two best validated psychotherapies, at least for depression, in psychiatry and psychology. </P>

Cognitive–Behavior Therapy: Folktales and the Unexpurgated History

A personal account of how the journal Cognitive Therapy and Research was begun is offered. How both personal and professional influences congealed is highlighted. How both the zeitgeists of the times and the sociology of knowledge acted as a backdrop to the development of Cognitive Therapy and Research is considered.

From Reactive to Proactive Dreaming: A Cognitive-Narrative Dream Manual

Most traditional approaches to dream work in psychotherapy have conceptualized dreams as reactive narratives of individual’s waking life. The objective of this article is to show how a cognitive narrative approach can contribute to the use of dreams as proactive constructions for waking life. The article begins with a discussion of the role of dream work in the history of psychotherapy as well as its role in the birth and development of cognitive therapy. Constructivist approaches to cognitive therapy, as illustrated by cognitive-narrative psychotherapy, are presented as an alternative way for the use of dream work in psychotherapy. The article concludes with a description of how the cognitive-narrative approach to dream work can be used in psychotherapy.

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Recent large-scale studies and meta-analyses of treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder have verified the efficacy of behaviour therapy with exposure and response prevention, as well as drug treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In addition, developments in cognitive therapy convey prom

Effectiveness of targeting the vulnerability factors of depression in cognitive therapy.

I. H. Gotlib and C.L. Hammen's (1992) psychopathology model of depression was used as a conceptual framework for studying the process of change in an effective course of cognitive therapy (CT) for depression. Archived CT transcripts from 30 depressed outpatients in the Cognitive-Pharmaco-therapy Treatment project (S. D. Hollon et al., 1992) were studied. An observational coding system was used to assess whether therapists focused on the cognitive, interpersonal, and developmental vulnerabilities of depression and whether these interventions were associated with symptom reduction. Therapists maintained a primarily cognitive focus, but it was interventions that addressed the interpersonal and developmental domains that were associated with improvement. A developmental focus also predicted a longer time of recovery and better global functioning over the 24-month followup period. These findings are consistent with recent theoretical developments in cognitive therapy and with the psychopathology research on depression.

Towards a definition of the conceptual and empirical boundaries of cognitive therapy

Abstract This article reviews some of the recent conceptual and empirical developments in cognitive therapy. It is argued that one of the strengths of the cognitive therapy tradition has been its focus on the quantification of treatment effects, but that in recent years the development of theory and practice has surpassed the data necessary to provide a foundation for these developments. Potential reasons for rapid growth are cited, and some boundaries to research and practice that may emerge are highlighted. The article concludes with a statement of risks associated with too-rapid expansion of theory and practice, and a call for controlled research to substantiate treatment effects.

An appraisal of cognitive therapy.

This review describes the development of cognitive therapy (CT) for depression in the 1960s and 1970s and its application to diverse clinical populations. The question of how CT works, in terms of both active therapeutic ingredients and mechanisms of change within the individual, is addressed. The limitations of CT are discussed, as well as recent developments and modifications of the therapy that have evolved in response to these perceived limitations and that bring it closer to other therapy approaches. The review concludes with some directions for future research.

Cognitive Therapy for Depression

The development of cognitive therapy, one of the most promising interventions for the treatment of depression and other nonpsychotic disorders, has been strongly influenced by basic research in social and cognitive psychology. The approach is predicated on a two-factor cognitive theory of emotion and accords a central role to the operation of schematic knowledge structures and information-processing heuristics. Procedures designed to produce change in existing depresotypic beliefs are grounded in principles emerging from that basic literature, and strategies derived from attribution theory appear to contribute to the apparent capacity of cognitive therapy to prevent the emergence of future depressive episodes. Clearly, the development and articulation of cognitive therapy have benefited greatly from basic research in experimental social and cognitive psychology.

Cognitive Therapist: A Dialogue with Aaron Beck

In the mid‐1950s Aaron Beck rejected his early training in psychoanalysis and developed an approach to the treatment of mental disorders similar to that of Albert Ellis. Beck focuses on thoughts or cognitions as well as on feelings. His greatest contribution is undoubtedly the formulation of the cognitive model of emotional disorders and the development of cognitive therapy, which is derived from that model. Beck believes that what we feel is influenced by what we think, and in order to feel better we need to avoid “dysfunctional” thoughts. His work in these areas has influenced an entire generation of researchers and clinicians.

The Development of Cognitive Therapy

Abstract The subject of this article is the development of a cognitive therapy. It is customary to distinguish four different cognitive models and the main therapeutic procedures derived from each. In this presentation the author primarily concentrates on the cognitive learning theory model, including only short reviews of the othe three models. A short discussion of general theoretial questions cocludes the article.