Development Of Strategies Research Articles

Current Models of Innovation and Market Strategies in Pharmaceutical Development: A Comprehensive Review

This paper examines innovative models and market strategies in the pharmaceutical industry, highlighting how these innovations shape drug development, market dynamics, and public health outcomes. Pharmaceutical innovation spans product enhancements, process efficiencies, and organizational and marketing transformations, all aimed at improving patient outcomes and healthcare access. The methodology explored comprehensive literature review, focusing on recent developments in pharmaceutical innovation, drug marketing practices, and regulatory frameworks. Primary sources include scholarly articles from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as industry reports and case studies from leading pharmaceutical firms. Key strategies explored include product and process innovations that make medications more effective and accessible, as well as open innovation models, which promote collaboration and cost-sharing in research. The review underscores the ethical and regulatory complexities of the industry, from patient-centered marketing to the rise of biosimilars. Future directions in pharmaceutical innovation, such as artificial intelligence and precision medicine, are presented as transformative tools for advancing personalized healthcare. These advancements reflect the sector's ongoing response to regulatory demands, economic pressures, and global health challenges, positioning the pharmaceutical industry as a crucial driver of public health and economic sustainability.

Inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization blocks cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis via mitochondrial ROS suppression

Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS), is characterized by iron accumulation and lethal lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria serve as the primary source of ROS and thus play a crucial role in ferroptosis initiation and execution. This study highlights the role of mitochondrial ROS and the significance of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) oligomerization in ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation or ferroptosis-inducer RSL3. Our results demonstrate that the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoT effectively block ferroptosis induction and that dysfunction of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain contributes to ferroptosis induction. Pharmacological inhibitors that target VDAC1 oligomerization have emerged as potent suppressors of ferroptosis that reduce mitochondrial ROS production. These findings underscore the critical involvement of mitochondrial ROS production via complex III of the electron transport chain and the essential role of VDAC1 oligomerization in ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation or RSL3. This study deepens our understanding of the intricate molecular networks governing ferroptosis and provides insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting dysregulated cell death pathways.

Innovative biopolymers composite based thin film for wound healing applications

Efficient wound and burn healing is crucial for minimising complications, preventing infections, and enhancing overall well-being, necessitating the development of innovative strategies. This study aimed to formulate a novel thin film combining chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax for improved wound healing applications. Several formulations, incorporating chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax in various percentages, were utilized to deposit thin films via the solvent evaporation technique, Mechanical properties, morphology, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and wound healing potential were evaluated. The optimized thin film (M4), composed of 2% chitosan, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, and 1% tannic acid, along with 0.2% glycerol and 0.2% tween80, exhibited a thickness of 39.0 ± 1.14 μm and a tensile strength of 0.275 ± 0.003 MPa. It demonstrated a swelling degree of 283.0 ± 2.0% and a drug release capacity of 89.4% within 24 h. The film also showed a low contact angle of 40.5° and a water vapour transmission rate of 1912.25 ± 13.10 g m−2 0.24 h−1. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were cross-linked through amide linkages, with tannic acid occupying the interstitial spaces and hydrogen bonding stabilizing the structure. Microscopy of M4 revealed a uniform morphology. The film exhibited strong antioxidant activity of (95.17 ± 0.02%) and antibacterial efficiency (80.8%) against S. aureus. In a rabbit model, the film significantly enhanced burn and excision wound recovery, with 90.0 ± 3.3% healing for burns and 88.85 ± 1.7% for infected wounds by day 7. Complete skin regeneration was observed within 10–12 days. The M4 thin film demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and bioactivity, offering protection against pathogens and promoting efficient wound healing. These findings suggest its potential for further investigation in treating various infections and its role in developing novel therapeutic interventions.

Predicting viral proteins that evade the innate immune system: a machine learning-based immunoinformatics tool

Viral proteins that evade the host’s innate immune response play a crucial role in pathogenesis, significantly impacting viral infections and potential therapeutic strategies. Identifying these proteins through traditional methods is challenging and time-consuming due to the complexity of virus-host interactions. Leveraging advancements in computational biology, we present VirusHound-II, a novel tool that utilizes machine learning techniques to predict viral proteins evading the innate immune response with high accuracy. We evaluated a comprehensive range of machine learning models, including ensemble methods, neural networks, and support vector machines. Using a dataset of 1337 viral proteins known to evade the innate immune response (VPEINRs) and an equal number of non-VPEINRs, we employed pseudo amino acid composition as the molecular descriptor. Our methodology involved a tenfold cross-validation strategy on 80% of the data for training, followed by testing on an independent dataset comprising the remaining 20%. The random forest model demonstrated superior performance metrics, achieving 0.9290 accuracy, 0.9283 F1 score, 0.9354 precision, and 0.9213 sensitivity in the independent testing phase. These results establish VirusHound-II as an advancement in computational virology, accessible via a user-friendly web application. We anticipate that VirusHound-II will be a crucial resource for researchers, enabling the rapid and reliable prediction of viral proteins evading the innate immune response. This tool has the potential to accelerate the identification of therapeutic targets and enhance our understanding of viral evasion mechanisms, contributing to the development of more effective antiviral strategies and advancing our knowledge of virus-host interactions.

Using ecological niches to determine potential habitat suitability for Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its natural enemies in China under future climates.

Climate change impacts the distribution of pests and its natural enemies, prompting this study to investigate the dynamics and shifts in distribution under current and future climate conditions. The spatial pattern of Psacothea hilaris (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China was analyzed, and the MaxEnt model was optimized to predict the potential geographic distribution of P. hilaris and its two natural enemies (Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) and Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus) (Piciformes: Picidae)) in China, to further analyze the key environmental factors affecting the survival of P. hilaris and its natural enemies, and to determine the potential of using D. helophoroides and D. major as natural enemies to control P. hilaris. The results showed that the suitable ranges of P. hilaris and natural enemies are expanding under the influence of climate change, and both have migrated to higher latitudes. The potential ranges of D. helophoroides, D. major, and P. hilaris are highly similar. It is noteworthy that the potential range of D. helophoroides completely covers the potential range of P. hilaris. This indicates that D. helophoroides and D. major can be employed as biological control agents to manage P. hilaris populations. This study provides a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for the development of early warning and green control strategies for P. hilaris.

CRCI2NA inaugural symposium: A meeting on tumor and immune ecosystems.

The CRCI2NA inaugural symposium, a meeting on tumor and immune ecosystems, took place in the vibrant and picturesque city of Nantes. The meeting gathered world-renowned experts in cancer biology and immunology. It showcased the most advanced science on mechanisms driving cellular heterogeneity, plasticity, and signaling in normal and cancer cellular ecosystems, which contribute to cancer development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Recent developments in cancer immunotherapy and anti-tumor strategies were also discussed to collectively assess new therapeutic vulnerabilities to defeat cancer.

Fitness and Sports Academy Integration Web Application

In the modern health and fitness landscape, gyms and athletes face unique challenges in managing schedules, tracking workouts, and fostering engagement. Existing systems often lack comprehensive tools to connect gym owners and customers effectively, impeding workout management and client retention. This paper presents a gym management and athlete engagement web application, developed with the MERN stack and leveraging Firebase for real-time data updates. By incorporating features such as personalized workout tracking, feedback systems, and integrated payment processing, this application aims to enhance gym operations and user experience. The research also explores the application of machine learning algorithms for injury prevention and personalized recommendations. Evaluation of the platform demonstrates significant improvements in user engagement, workout tracking, and gym management. This study highlights the potential of technology-driven solutions to address fitness industry challenges, creating scalable systems for gym management, athlete engagement, and personalized fitness plans. In the era of digital fitness, gym users, trainers, and gym owners increasingly rely on technology to track progress, foster community, and manage services. FitConnect aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive fitness networking platform with real-time workout tracking, role-based functionalities, and payment integration. Unlike conventional fitness apps, FitConnect introduces a collaborative ecosystem where users can connect with trainers, join gym sessions, and manage subscriptions efficiently. Leveraging scalable architecture and user-friendly interfaces, this project combines essential fitness tracking with networking capabilities to create an integrated solution for fitness enthusiasts and professionals alike. This paper explores the design, development, and deployment strategies used to create this platform and assesses its impact on improving user engagement, goal tracking, and service management..

‘Making Every Seat for Everyone’: Audience Development Research Report for New Independent Cinema FilmLab

The British independent film industry has experienced a consistent decline in revenues over the past decades, resulting in heightened competition among independent cinemas. FilmLab, a newly established independent cinema affiliated with ArtsLab - a highly regarded arts organisation in Edinburgh – has commissioned this report in response to its client brief. The aim is to help FilmLab attract wider audiences using limited financial resources. We adopted audience development as the approach to address these concerns because of its two characteristics: first, its social objective of making the arts widely accessible, and second, its equal attention to the needs of existing and potential audiences. Existing research emphasises the significance of reducing barriers to participation in the audience development process. However, much of the previous work in this field has primarily focused on mainstream cinema attendance. As a result, the applicability of these findings for niche, less economically productive independent cinemas remains unclear. Therefore, this report mainly examines the barriers that prevent Edinburgh residents from independent cinemas and explores how FimLab can increase participation among different groups by creating more opportunities for participation. Through a questionnaire and eight follow-up interviews with Edinburgh residents, along with semi-structured interviews with five industry experts, we identified barriers and potential incentives in four crucial aspects: visibility, attractiveness, affordability, and sustainability. Meanwhile, we developed corresponding recommendations. We propose that independent cinemas could serve as open and accessible spaces for all audiences by reducing the common barriers to audience participation. The findings of this report may offer references for the identification of barriers to independent cinema attendance, while our strategies could inspire audience development strategies for independent cinemas.

Self-Regulated Strategy Development With and Without Peer Interaction: Improving High School Students’ L2 Persuasive Essay Revisions

High school students for whom English is a second language (L2) often struggle with effective text revision because of limited ability to self-regulate their writing, that is, to manage the subprocesses of writing and to use writing-related knowledge and strategies. To help students in China acquire effective text revision skills for English persuasive essays, self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) revision instruction was applied both with and without peer interaction targeting knowledge of six writing dimensions. An experimental design involving 120 Chinese 11th-grade students in three conditions, that is, SRSD revision instruction with and without peer interaction (two treatment conditions) and conventional instruction without SRSD (control condition), was applied to examine the instructional effects on students’ writing and text revisions. Analyses of covariance revealed a statistically significant increase in text length and improvement in students’ text quality regarding higher-order content-level writing dimensions in both treatment conditions compared to the control condition in a post-intervention test. Notably, the most substantial improvement regarding both text length and text quality was observed in the SRSD plus peer interaction condition. Further, students in both treatment conditions made more text revisions involving longer text segments aimed at improving quality and changing meaning compared to those in the control condition. Among these, the students in the SRSD plus peer interaction condition exhibited the highest frequency of high-quality text revision during the posttest. The findings provide new insights into the effectiveness of SRSD revision instruction and peer interaction in developing L2 high school students’ self-regulation in revising English persuasive essays.

Development Strategies for MSMEs Receiving the PENA (Heroes of the Archipelago Economy) Program in Overcoming Poverty in Pamekasan Regency

This research is a qualitative study that aims to describe the process of the Ministry of Social Affairs' PENA (Heroes of the Archipelago Economy) Program Recipient MSME Development Strategy in Overcoming Poverty implementation of the ministry of social affairs program in reducing poverty in Indonesia, but the author focuses on one area, namely in Pamekasan Regency, the program is Heroes of the Archipelago Economy abbreviated as PENA. Poverty reduction can be achieved through four strategic paths, namely opportunity expansion, community empowerment, capacity building, and social protection. The results of this research through SWOT analysis can be concluded. The strength of the MSME Development Strategy for PENA Program Recipients of the Ministry of Social Affairs in Overcoming Poverty in Pamekasan Regency is that the PENA Program is in a good and prime condition which makes it possible to expand, after this program can be more self-sufficient to enlarge progress, and achieve maximum success. There are also weaknesses, namely in terms of the lack of human resource development, and in terms of the government that has not been able to optimize the program to the community. The opportunity is to become the main program that can be supported by the government, the increase in the ecommers platform which causes people's purchasing power to be high. Threats are when the consequences caused by most of the PENA Program recipients are not optimal in utilizing existing technology and the commitment made by the government does not run optimally or the involvement of other agencies and institutions, especially the village government from small lines in the community.

Economic Cooperation and Development Strategies in New Energy Technology Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries in the 21st Century

Abstract: In the 21st century, the economic cooperation in new energy technologies between China and Central Eastern European countries is becoming more and more important. China, being the worlds largest energy consumer and a significant investor in sustainable energy, plays a pivotal role in this global transformation. This paper will study about the current state of this cooperation, existing challenges and opportunities. It will also talk about the development strategies for strengthening collaboration. The case study will be focused a successful program between China and Poland, highlighting the factors that contributed to its achievements. On the contrary, the failed project between China and Romania is also examined to understand the experiences and lessons. The paper aims to offer ideas and advices on improving economic and technological cooperation in the new energy sector. By highlighting the key experiences, fully showing the potential of the partnership between China and Central Eastern European countries in developing sustainable energy in the future.

A Process Analysis Framework to Adopt Intelligent Robotic Process Automation (IRPA) in Supply Chains

Intelligent Robotic Process Automation (IRPA) combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) to automate complex unstructured tasks, improve decision-making, and cope with changing scenarios. A process analysis framework for IRPA adoption was developed by identifying key factors through a literature review and semi-structured expert opinion survey. The employed experts in the survey comprised RPA/IRPA consultants, RPA/IRPA initiative team leaders, and RPA/IRPA developers with three years or more experience. For the initial factor collection phase, there were a total of eighteen (18) responses, and for the factor evaluation phase, a total of twenty-six (26) experts were used to collect responses. Identified factors were shortlisted and evaluated using a Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis. The study’s findings are presented through a Causal-Loop Diagram (CLD) to illustrate the relationships between factors. The framework provides practical guidance for organizations planning to adopt IRPA, informing decision-making, resource allocation, and strategy development. The final process analysis framework highlights the importance of accuracy, level of human involvement in a task, and standardization as the main three primary factors for successful IRPA adoption. Three major secondary factors were identified: digital data input, integration with existing systems, and the cost of adopting new technologies. This research contributes to the added value to existing knowledge and serves as a foundation for future research in IRPA adoption.

Human capital, creativity and innovation as pillars of leading technology systems

The relevance of the research is determined by the need of modern agricultural enterprises for innovations. Only on the basis of innovative development they can be competitive and later enter industry 4. The purpose of the article is to analyze and justify an innovative approach to the formation of technological networks in the agricultural sector based on the use of competitive advantages of human capital and strengthening of its creativity. The authors note that in order to attract innovation, project managers must coordinate the company's strategy with the strategy of knowledge management and creativity development. The study summarizes the results of using an innovative model in the Brazilian agricultural sector that promotes human capital development and knowledge generation, as well as environmental sustainability (the UTAUT model). The evaluation of these results showed that a significant factor in the successful implementation of the innovation model is the creation of an appropriate organizational and management culture, focused on the involvement of innovations in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The authors conducted a survey of agricultural workers of large and small enterprises of this industry in order to identify their need and degree of readiness for innovations. The results of the survey showed significant differences between large and small enterprises in the given parameters, which require the choice of different ways and sources of strengthening their innovativeness. The problem raised in the article is also relevant for Ukraine as a country with a traditional agricultural sector.

Programmable Macrophage Vesicle Based Bionic Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine for Immunization against Monkeypox Virus.

The emergence of monkeypox has become a global health threat after the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the lack of available specifically treatment against MPV, developing an available vaccine is thus the most prospective and urgent strategy. Herein, a programmable macrophage vesicle based bionic self-adjuvanting vaccine (AM@AEvs-PB) is first developed for defending against monkeypox virus (MPV). Based on MPV-related antigen-stimulated macrophage-derived vesicles, the nanovaccine is constructed by loading the mature virion (MV)-related intracellular protein (A29L/M1R) and simultaneously modifying with the enveloped virion (EV) antigen (B6R), enabling them to effectively promote antigen presentation and enhance adaptive immune through self-adjuvant strategy. Owing to the synergistic properties of bionic vaccine coloaded MV and EV protein in defensing MPV, the activation ratio of antigen-presenting cells is nearly four times than that of single antigen in the same dose, resulting in stronger immunity in host. Notably, intramuscular injection uptake of AM@AEvs-PB demonstrated vigorous immune-protective effects in the mouse challenge attempt, offering a promising strategy for pre-clinical monkeypox vaccine development.

Can audit committees’ environmental background promote corporate green innovation? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Identifying potential driving factors for corporate green innovation is vital in promoting global green development. This study aims to examine whether the environmental background of the audit committee promotes corporate green innovation and the mechanisms involved. Based on this perspective, we empirically test a research sample of Chinese A-share market-listed companies from 2007 to 2022. The results reveal that, first, the audit committee’s environmental background can significantly promote green corporate innovation. Second, the audit committee promotes green innovation by enhancing the environmental awareness of the management, increasing substantial environmental investments, and fostering environmental compliance; this effect is more pronounced in companies characterized by significant media attention and considerable involvement of the audit committee in governance. Third, green innovation can significantly enhance economic and environmental performance, although it delays its impact on short-term economic performance. The conclusions of this study provide new empirical evidence for corporate governance optimization and green innovation, and offer decision-making insights for enterprises to implement green innovation strategies for sustainable development.

Oxygenation by Intravascular Photosynthesis Reduces Kidney Damage During ex Vivo Preservation.

Several clinical issues are associated with reduced oxygen delivery to tissues due to impaired vascular perfusion; moreover, organs procured for transplantation are subjected to severe hypoxia during preservation. Consequently, alternative tissue oxygenation is an active field in biomedical research where several innovative approaches have been recently proposed. Among these, intravascular photosynthesis represents a promising approach as it relies on the intrinsic capacity of certain microorganisms to produce oxygen upon illumination. In this context, this work aims at the development of photosynthetic perfusable solutions that could be applied to preserve organs for transplantation purposes. Our findings demonstrate that a biocompatible physiological solution containing the photosynthetic microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can fulfill the metabolic oxygen demand of rat kidney slices in vitro. Furthermore, intravascular administration of this solution does not induce tissue damage in the rat kidneys. Moreover, kidney slices obtained from these algae-perfused organs exhibited significantly improved preservation after 24 h of incubation in hypoxia while exposed to light, resulting in reduced tissue damage and enhanced metabolic status. Overall, the results presented here contribute to the development of alternative strategies for tissue oxygenation, supporting the use of perfusable photosynthetic solutions for organ preservation in transplantation.

Source–Sink Structural Coupling Within Forest-Clustered Landscapes Drives Headstream Quality Dynamics in Mountainous Sub-Watersheds: A Case Study in Chongqing, China

Water environment quality is profoundly driven by a series of landscape characteristics. However, current knowledge is limited to the independent response of water quality to single landscape elements; this has led to poor knowledge of the potential role of structural coupling within landscapes in driving water quality changes, especially in those agroforestry-mixed mountainous watersheds with highly embedded forest-clustered landscapes and abundant headstreams. Given this fact, this study aims to evaluate whether and how the source–sink coupling structure of forest-clustered landscapes systematically drives headstream quality dynamics. We first systematically assessed the association pattern of source and sink structures within forest-clustered landscapes, and then innovatively proposed and constructed a functional framework of source–sink coupling structure of landscapes across 112 agroforestry-mixed mountainous sub-watersheds in Chongqing, China. On this basis, we further evaluated the driving pattern and predictive performance of the source–sink coupling structure of landscapes behind headstream quality dynamics. We report three findings: (1) headstream quality varied across agroforestry-mixed sub-watersheds, mapping out the source–sink structures and functions of landscapes; (2) there was significant functional coordination between source–sink structures of the forest-clustered landscapes, which significantly drove headstream quality dynamics; (3) the structural positioning and differences of the forest-clustered landscapes along the multivariate functional axes directly corresponded to and predicted headstream quality status. These findings together highlight a key logic that the response of water quality dynamics to landscapes is essentially that to the functional coupling between the source–sink structures of landscapes, rather than the simple combination of a single landscape contribution. This is the first study on the landscape–runoff association from the perspective of source–sink structural coupling, which helps to deepen understanding of the correlation mechanism between water dynamics and landscape systems, and provides a new functional dimension to the development of future landscape ecological management strategies from a local to a global scale.

Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Identification of Soliton System Parameters Across Expansive Domains

Abstract Optical solitons in mode-locked fiber lasers and optical communication links have a wide range of applications. A crucial step in studying the transmission modes of optical solitons is to investigate the relationship between equation parameters and soliton evolution using deep learning techniques. However, current identification models have a limited parameter domain search range and are greatly influenced by initialization, often leading to divergence towards incorrect parameter values. This research harnesses reinforcement learning to revamp the iterative process of the parameter identification model. Through the development of a two-stage optimization strategy, the model is capable of conducting an accurate parameter search across arbitrary domains. The investigation encompasses a series of experiments on various standard and higher-order equations, illustrating that the innovative model overcomes the impact of initialization on the parameter search, and the identified parameters are guided towards their correct values. The enhanced model markedly improves experimental efficiency and holds significant promise for advancing the research of soliton propagation dynamics and addressing intricate scenarios.

Bridging the gap: unlocking the potential of emerging drug therapies for brain metastasis.

Brain metastasis (BrM) remains an unmet clinical need in advanced cancers with an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The limited response to various treatments is mainly derived from the presence of the substantive barrier, blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-tumor barrier (BTB), which hinders the access of potentially effective therapeutics to the metastatic tumor of brain. Recently, the understanding of the structural and molecular features of the BBB/BTB has led to the development of efficient strategies to enhance BBB/BTB permeability and deliver drugs across the BBB/BTB to elicit the antitumor response against BrM. Meanwhile, novel agents capable of penetrating the BBB have rapidly developed and evaluated in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, with both targeted therapies and immunotherapies demonstrating impressive intracranial activity against BrM. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the biological properties of the BBB/BTB, and the emerging strategies for BBB/BTB permeabilization and drug delivery across the BBB/BTB. We also discuss the emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies against BrM tested in clinical trials. Additionally, we provide our viewpoints on accelerating clinical translation of novel drugs into clinic for patients of BrM. Although still facing challenges, we expect this review to benefit the future development of novel therapeutics specifically from clinical perspective.

An empirical investigation of Bangladesh’s inflation dynamics: evaluating persistence and identifying structural breaks

We quantify two hypotheses: the “Friedman-Ball Hypothesis” and the “Cukierman-Meltzer Hypothesis,” in the context of Bangladesh. The first posits that an increase in inflation leads to greater inflation uncertainty, while the second asserts that inflation uncertainty causes an increase in inflation. Using monthly inflation data from June 1997 to July 2021, we find evidence supporting both hypotheses. Our analysis of inflation persistence and structural breaks reveals that inflation in Bangladesh exhibits high persistence throughout the entire sample period, but there is a decrease in persistence in two of the sub-samples after the breaks in March 2007 and April 2012. Moreover, Bangladesh’s inflation persistence is comparable to, and at times even lower than, that of its South and Southeast Asian neighboring countries. As policy implications of our findings, we emphasize the need for a more nuanced approach to monetary policy, including proactive interest rate management, implementation of a Medium-Term Fiscal Framework, and the development of a flexible monetary policy strategy tailored to Bangladesh’s unique economic circumstances.