Development Of Society Research Articles

The wish to die in old people: A qualitative study of nurses' perspectives in the light of assisted suicide

The wish to die in old people: A qualitative study of nurses' perspectives in the light of assisted suicide Abstract: Background: It is not uncommon for older people nearing the end of their lives to express a wish to die. This wish can manifest in various degrees and expressions and reflects diverse needs. In Austria, the option to hastening death with the assistance of another person has recently become available. Assisted suicide has been legalized under certain conditions. This reflects new developments in society that also affect health professionals. Aim: This study aims to explore the nursing perspective on older people who express a wish to die and to investigate the challenges faced by nurses, particularly in the context of the legalisation of assisted suicide in Austria. Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed. Problem-centered interviews were conducted with ten caregivers working in the field of institutional elderly care. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The themes show that, despite the challenges of dealing with the wish to die, carers recognize clear professional roles and responsibilities. But when it comes to talk about assisted suicide they often run into contradictions and uncertainties. Three main themes were identified: (1) a look at the people affected, (2) communication as a resource and an obstacle, and (3) the role of nursing. Conclusion: The study points to the need for support from organizations to help nurses deal with the wish to die in general and assisted suicide in particular.

Technologies for sustainable development to face climate crisis

Sustainable economies have demand for natural resources (i.e., ecological footprint) less than nature’s renewable supply of resources (called biocapacity) to support clean production, development and equity in societies. The goal of this study is to identify new technologies that can support energy change from fossil fuels to renewable sources directed at zero-carbon and sustainable economies having lower environmental pollution and higher social well-being. Using data from scientific publications and patents until 2024 and a liner model for regression analyses, empirical results reveal that sustainable technologies having rapid growth and supporting the transformation of the energy sector, economic system and society are blue hydrogen, floating photovoltaic systems, carbon capture storage and utilization, green hydrogen and liquid metal batteries. The implications of findings here for sustainable policies oriented to new technologies are discussed to have, whenever possible, zero-carbon economies directed to long-run sustainable development. The purpose of this study here is basic to support sustainable economies with new technologies that provide the greatest level of general well-being of people with the least amount of resource use and with low environmental harm to support the “one health” of people, animals and natural ecosystems (i.e., optimal health results considering the interaction between population, zoologic, botanic and total environment ecosystems).

Multifunctional Analysis of Agriculture from the Perspective of Tradeoff/Synergy: A Case Study of Sichuan Province in Western China

Exploring the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of agricultural functions, analyzing their tradeoff and synergies, carrying out multifunctional zoning, and determining the combination and expansion direction of agricultural functions in combination with regional development strategies are conducive to guiding the adjustment of agricultural structure and promoting the sustainable development of regional agriculture. In this context, based on the county scale and statistical data, this paper uses the agricultural function evaluation index system to measure and analyze the agricultural function index of Sichuan Province and its mutual relations. Spatial overlay analysis is used to analyze the agricultural function index for agricultural leading function zoning. Cluster analysis is used to evaluate the agricultural function results to explore the agricultural multifunctional zoning scheme of Sichuan Province. The results show that the spatial and temporal distribution of agricultural product supply, agricultural leisure, ecological services, employment and social security services are heterogeneous, and the agricultural multifunction index of Sichuan Province shows a spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west. The synergistic effect between the supply function of agricultural products and the function of employment and life security is the strongest. From 2010 to 2020, the relationships between the ecological service function and the supply function of agricultural products, the agricultural leisure function, employment, and the social security function change from irrelevant or there being a tradeoff effect to there being a significant synergistic effect. The leading areas of the ecological service function are mainly distributed in western and northern Sichuan. The leading areas of the agricultural product supply function are mainly distributed in eastern and southern Sichuan. Agricultural multifunctional zoning in Sichuan Province is divided into the agricultural leisure function, the agricultural product supply cooperative functional area, the weak cooperative functional area, the strong cooperative functional area, and the agricultural leisure priority functional area. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of agricultural functions and the changes in tradeoffs and synergies in Sichuan Province have a significant impact on the development of agricultural functions. The research results can provide s theoretical reference for agricultural multifunctional zoning in the study area and provide guidance and suggestions for the sustainable development of agricultural economy and society in Sichuan Province.

Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity 2013–2014: Origins, Progress, and Impact on Society

Introduction: The analysis of the Euromaidan (Revolution of Dignity) events will remain relevant for a long time, both from a scientific and applied point of view. It was the events of November 2013 – February 2014 that laid the foundations for real, not just declared, reforms in Ukraine, shaped the modern Ukrainian nation and identity and demonstrated to the world the aspirations and capacity of the Ukrainian people to be subjective in history, present and future. Objectives: The aim of the article is to analyse the unity of the milestone revolutionary events in the modern history of Ukraine, focusing on the Revolution of Dignity as a revolution of values and historical and cultural subjectivity of Ukrainians. Methods: The methodological basis of the article is the method of critical analysis of scientific literature, the historical and comparative method, and the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results: The main reasons for the revolutionary events were the usurpation of power by former President Viktor Yanukovych and his subsequent refusal to sign the Association Agreement with the European Union. This violation of the aspirations of the Ukrainian people caused a natural wave of protest that grew into the Revolution of Dignity. The Euromaidan was an expression of the will of the Ukrainian people regarding values, freedom of choice, dignity, respect for human beings, and the ability to express their opinions freely. Initially, it was Euromaidan itself which united student and civic activists. The authorities' violent actions against the protesters led to the growth of revolutionary sentiment and brought people to the streets to protest. Adopting dictatorial laws on January 16 2014, only intensified the popular resistance. The storming of Euromaidan by the security forces and the shooting of people on 18-22 February 2014 (the Heavenly Hundred) turned Euromaidan into a Revolution of Dignity. The Euromaidan events unfolded across Ukraine, involving around 10 million people directly or indirectly participating in the protests. Conclusions: This massive scale and scope of protests demonstrated the powerful potential of Ukrainian society for genuine renewal, the development of civil society, and the readiness to defend its values, even in the face of an arduous struggle and external threats from the Russian Federation.

Study on the Distortionary Effects of Water Resources Allocation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

As one of the most dynamic natural elements, water resources play a vital role in both ecological and economic activities. The rational allocation of water resources is essential for the sustainable development of human society. Using data from prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2013 to 2022, this study employs the Cobb–Douglas (C-D) production function to measure the degree of water resource allocation distortion across provinces and cities. Additionally, a panel data model is applied to analyze the influencing factors. The key findings are as follows: The issue of excessive water resource allocation is widespread in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, with the highest degree of distortion observed in the middle reaches, where the average distortion index reaches 1.43—significantly higher than that in the upstream (1.15) and downstream (1.20) regions. Water resource endowment, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and rising water prices contribute significantly to improving water resource allocation, whereas increased industrial water use efficiency and excessive government intervention exacerbate allocation distortions. Regionally, the influencing factors exhibit broadly similar effects across provinces. In sectoral analysis, only the estimated coefficients of water resource policies show directional differences, whereas other factors have no significant impact on allocation distortion. By identifying the extent and causes of water resource misallocation, this study provides empirical evidence to support region-specific water management strategies, aiming to enhance resource efficiency and promote sustainable development.

Design and application of human-computer interaction visual communication platform for Guandong culture by integrating RF and light GBM algorithm

With the development of society and technological progress, people pay more and more attention to the inheritance, protection and promotion of cultural heritage. Under the conditions of new technology and new media, communication media and channels are changing rapidly. Improving the speed, breadth and accuracy of the dissemination of information on Guangdong culture in the new era is a new requirement of the times for the dissemination of Guangdong culture. In order to effectively improve the accuracy of Guandong culture recommendation, the study first built a human-machine interactive visual communication platform. Among them, the random forest algorithm was improved by incorporating word embedding technology to facilitate the acquisition of semantic similarity. In addition, it was combined with long-short feature embedding technology and a lightweight gradient boosting tree model, which enabled the acquisition of user interest preferences. The results showed that the model classification accuracy after combining long short-term feature embedding techniques reached 95%, which could better capture the time series features of user behavior. The platform built reduced the risk of overfitting and improved the generalization ability of the model through the integration of multiple decision trees in random forest. Light gradient boosting machine performed excellently and had high computational efficiency when processing large-scale data through an efficient gradient boosting framework. The platform thus built had a recommendation accuracy rate of 97%. At the same time, the platform obtained personalized and similar content recommendation test sections, and the test results were all passed. This proves that the platform can not only accurately recommend Guandong cultural content, but also provide a good communication experience through visualization, providing new ideas and methods for research and practice in the field of Guandong cultural communication.

Analysis of influencing factors and paths of synergistic development of water resources-economic society-ecological environment based on DIM modeling

The intersection of climate change and human activities exacerbates the prominent contradiction between environmental resources and economic development. The synergistic development of water resources, economy and society, and ecological environment is particularly urgent. Therefore, accurately identifying its influencing factors and related pathways holds significant practical importance in resolving the contradiction between resources and economic development. This study constructs a system of influencing factors for the synergistic development of “water resources, economic society and ecological environment” from three dimensions, reveals the influencing relationship between indicators through the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), determines the hierarchical structure of the influencing factors and the related paths through the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM), and classifies the influencing factors through the Matrix Multiplication Method of Cross Influence Matrix Multiplication (MICMAC). The results show that water resource factors are important cause factors and economic, social and ecological factors are essential effect factors. The factors influencing the synergistic development of “water resources, economic society and ecological environment” can be divided into four levels, of which the total water resources, precipitation and NDVI are at the bottom and are the most fundamental factors. The percentage of groundwater supply, total water supply, water resource utilization rate and energy consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP are the deep core elements. Total grain output, water resources per capita, and water use per capita are the direct influencing factors. Finally, taking the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration as an example, selecting the identified important influencing factors and analyzing the level of synergistic development of its coupled system found that the degree of coupling coordination increased from 0.324 in 2011 to 0.978 in 2020. The water resources system showed a fluctuating change, and it is still the key to synergistic development. Analyzing the relationship between subsystems and clarifying the key factors for synergistic development of coupled systems are important for policy formulation, improving environmental governance and promoting high-quality economic development.

The innovation of social governance and the enlightenment for the governance of Macao’s social organizations in the digital age

In the new era, an important component of China’s social governance system construction is to strengthen and innovate social governance to improve the ability and level of social governance in China. To ensure the long-term stability of the country and the well-being of the vast majority of the people, it is necessary to be adept at strengthening social governance, continuously improve and improve the governance system that is suitable for the development of modern society with scientific thinking methods, and enhance the level and capacity of governance in China. Based on this, this paper discusses how to promote the innovation of social governance in the digital age, and proposes innovative ideas on the model of social organization governance under the guidance of <Economic Diversification Plan for Macao SAR (2024–2028)>.

Practice and Exploration of Education Reform in College Furniture Design Courses: Taking the Course of "Furniture and Display" as an Example

With the development of society and economy, people's demand for the quality of furniture and display design is constantly increasing. Display plays a crucial role in enhancing the atmosphere and mood of interior decoration, and is a key component of interior design. Furniture and display design is a discipline that studies the relationship between interior design and people, but its theory and practice are relatively lacking. With the improvement of productivity and people's living standards, people not only pursue practicality, but also beauty. Furniture and furnishings are in an upward and developing trend, playing an important role in our modern and contemporary design life. In this context, we need to conduct theoretical and practical research and sorting on the display of interior spaces in Chinese and foreign buildings, so as to apply them to practice. Such research has theoretical and practical significance. The main purpose of the study is to better cultivate students' abilities in furniture design and display design. When completing proposition training, students should understand the relationship between furniture design elements, display design components, design expression content and form in homework, and enhance their innovation ability and craftsmanship spirit. The research conclusion suggests that traditional Chinese culture, artistic accomplishment, ecological environment concepts should be integrated into the teaching design of the curriculum, in order to meet the needs of students' professional knowledge while combining practical teaching with industry university research integration. The curriculum reform of furniture and display courses in this study has achieved satisfied practical results.

Evaluation of public health and economic impacts of dietary salt reduction initiatives on social security expenditures for cardiovascular disease control in Japan.

Japan has undertaken extensive efforts to reduce dietary salt intake and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Although salt consumption has decreased over time, levels remain high, highlighting the need for continued promotion of low-salt food products through collaboration among government bodies, the food industry, academia, and other stakeholders. Effective policy development requires an environment that enables stakeholders to apply scientific evidence on the cost-effectiveness of salt reduction strategies. Our ongoing research focuses on developing simulation models to predict future public health and economic impacts, supporting the establishment of voluntary targets and evidence-based approaches. These strategies aim to lower salt intake, enhance health outcomes, and manage social security expenditures, thereby fostering sustainable development in an aging society.

Володимир Гнатюк у НТШ: літописець подій і доль

The purpose of the article is to understand the role of the Shevchenko Scientific Society and its leading figure – Academician Volodymyr Hnatiuk in the development of the Ukrainian national and cultural space at the "turn of the century". This is facilitated by the analysis of the little-known work of the scholar "Scientific Society named after Shevchenko in Lviv. Historical essay of the first 50th anniversary 1873 – 1923)". At the same time, the historical context in which Ukrainian scientific thought, literature and art developed during the periods when the Galician lands were part of Austria-Hungary, under the Moscow occupation during the First World War and under Polish rule is outlined. Documentary testimonies of eyewitnesses, especially of such a significant figure as V. Hnatiuk, appear not only as an eloquent example of factual literature,but also as a significant factor for understanding the contemporary conditions of the development of philological science, humanitarianism in general, as well as the literary process, the integrity of Ukrainian development in the conditions of various political power. The research was carried out with the involvement of analytical, historical-chronological, historical-comparative methods, as well as a hermeneutic approach, which makes it possible to consider literary phenomena in broad extratextual contexts, taking into account a number of factors. The researched materials appear in a new light and contain valuable conclusions regarding the modern view of the cultural and historical processes thattook place in Galicia at the end of the 19th beginning of the 20th century in general, and the development of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in particular during this period. On the one hand, the conclusions relate to the Shevchenko Scientific Society as a significant page in the history of the development of Ukrainian science, culture, society as a whole and its role in the formation of the Ukrainian nation with its own self-identity and individuality; on the other hand, the role of Academician V. Hnatiuk in this process and the importance of his Historical Essay on the Shevchenko Scientific Society. It is emphasized that without this Essay it is impossible to understand the trajectory of the Society's development, its principles and foundations, which were laid in the past for the ability to stand and develop in the future. Thanks to this Historical Essay, the new Ukrainian generation will be able to understand what problems Ukrainian writers, scientists and cultural figures of the past lived with, and what ideas for the future revival they passed on to representatives of the present.This will contribute to a holistic view of the cultural, literary, scientific, social development, historical processes that took place in Galicia at the end of the 19th beginning of the 20th century.

Мовна ситуація і мовна політика в Україні: дорожня карта практичного заняття освітнього компонента «Українська мова за професійним спрямуванням»

The term roadmap has recently entered our lexicon, especially in the context of planning and implementing various projects. It is a detailed plan of action that defines the sequence of steps necessary to achieve a formulated goal. In the field of education, a roadmap is a kind of а guide for a scientific and pedagogical employee and a student, which helps to organize the learning process effectively. The purpose of the article is to share the experience of developing and conducting a practical lesson on a relevant topic, as well as to stimulate scientific and methodical discussions on effective methods of teaching the Ukrainian language in a professional context. Methods: pedagogical experiment, observation and recording, analysis of the obtained data, generalization. Results. In the article, the term ‘roadmap of a practical class’ is understood as amethodological tool aimed at ensuring the systematicity, logical consistency, andinteractivity of the educational process. It includes a description of all components of the lesson: from the formulation of the goal and the definition of expected results to instructions for completing tasks and assignments. The study is based on materials for creating the roadmap for the topic "Language Situation and Language Policy in Ukraine", which is one of the first in the list of topics for practical classes of theeducational component "Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes". It provides for revealing key aspects of the Ukrainian language functioning in society, to form students' national-linguistic consciousness, and to develop their ability to critically evaluate linguistic phenomena.students' national-linguistic consciousness, and to develop their ability to critically evaluate linguistic phenomena. The proposed roadmap serves as a tool for creating a modern educationalenvironment that ensures the active participation of students in the learning process. Emphasis is laid on the development of critical thinking, the formation of linguistic stability, national-linguistic consciousness, and the awareness of the importance of the Ukrainian language as the state language in professional and everyday activities. Conclusions. The study's methodical findings contribute to the upbringing of aresponsible position regarding language processes, which is important for the preservation of national identity and the harmonious development of society.

Absolute Monarchy or Rule by One Sovereign

The theorist and ideological inspirer of absolute monarchy is undoubtedly the thinker of political philosophy Thomas Hobbes. All philosophers developed their political theories in conditions of a crisis of power, chaos, change, war or upheaval that engulfs society. According to Hobbes's view, only a sovereign (a person endowed with legitimacy and possessing full power) can impose law and stability, that is, Hobbes puts us before a choice - stability and security in exchange for the concentration of power in one hand, transmitted by inheritance, otherwise - chaos, revolution, war. And even if there are abuses with the concentration of absolute power in one hand (dynasty), then society will still remain stable. According to Hobbes, compromise (or social contract) means an agreement between people to abide by certain laws or rules, so that these laws and rules are followed, and to ensure that the contract is carried out, there must be a force (or institution) that has full power. Only then will order and stability be ensured in society. But the supreme power in the state must be in the hands of one person, and not a group of people, that is, a king, tsar, sultan, khan. If society passed through its stages of development under absolute monarchy or authoritarian rule, then in our time people can no longer live like that. Authoritarianism and tyrants not only slow down the development of society but are also dangerous for the state, leading to revolutions, riots or civil wars. The examples of Libya and Syria show that authoritarianism sooner or later leads to chaos. Moreover, in authoritarian countries, the ruler endowed with unlimited power sometimes becomes an object of almost or not deification.

Trends in Flexible Sensing Technology in Smart Wearable Mechanisms-Materials-Applications.

Flexible sensors are revolutionizing our lives as a key component of intelligent wearables. Their pliability, stretchability, and diverse designs enable foldable and portable devices while enhancing comfort and convenience. Advances in materials science have provided numerous options for creating flexible sensors. The core of their application in areas like electronic skin, health medical monitoring, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction is selecting materials that optimize sensor performance in weight, elasticity, comfort, and flexibility. This article focuses on flexible sensors, analyzing their "sensing mechanisms-materials-applications" framework. It explores their development trajectory, material characteristics, and contributions in various domains such as electronic skin, health medical monitoring, and human-computer interaction. The article concludes by summarizing current research achievements and discussing future challenges and opportunities. Flexible sensors are expected to continue expanding into new fields, driving the evolution of smart wearables and contributing to the intelligent development of society.

Research on Ideological and Political Teaching Reform of Basic Nursing Practical Training Course in Higher Vocational Colleges

With the development of society and the continuous progress of medical industry, the teaching mode of basic nursing practical training course in higher vocational colleges also needs to keep pace with The Times and integrate ideological and political education elements in order to train nursing talents with both moral and technical characteristics. Based on this, this article aims to explore the necessity and implementation strategy of ideological and political teaching reform in the basic nursing practical training course in higher vocational colleges.

Child abuse in Hanoi, Vietnam: Testing relationship with risk factors

Child abuse is one of the burning social problems in Vietnam. Children who are abused suffer significant and lasting negative effects on their development, both physically, emotionally, cognitively, and behaviorally. Physically, children show signs of hypervigilance; they startle easily, feel tired or exhausted, experience restless sleep, and have aches and pains. Cognitively, children often have nightmares, poor concentration and memory, disorientation, and confusion. Behaviorally, children often avoid places and activities that remind them of the traumatic event, avoid contact or socially isolate themselves, and lose interest in daily activities. Emotionally, children often feel scared, numb or detached, depressed, guilty, angry, easily agitated, anxious, and panicked [1]. Therefore, abused and neglected children will have poor development in the future, which affects the overall development of families and society. This study conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam, aimed to analyze the relationship between risk factors that can lead to child abuse. In this study, a quantitative design is employed. The population sample frame consists of 300 adult residents who live with their children, aged from infancy to below 18 years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results show that children experienced varying types of abuse (minor, severe, very severe, and neglect) that could lead to adverse consequences in their future. There was a statistically significant relationship between some of the risk factors and child abuse. Specifically, the instability and low-income factors have a statistical relationship with a child's very severe abuse; the single parent, low education, and alcohol abuse factors have a statistical relationship with a child's severe abuse. Furthermore, instability and substance abuse also have a statistical relationship with child neglect. Identifying these risk factors will help us to develop more specific and effective interventions to address child abuse.

Criteria and indicators of adolescents' readiness for military-professional activities

The article considers the problem of assessing the degree of formation of adolescents' readiness for military-professional activity; the author's express questionnaire for its diagnostics is presented. The criteria of adolescents' readiness for military-professional activity are described: value, cognitive, emotional and behavioral; the main empirical indicators of their formation are characterized. The study sample consisted of 120 students of 10 grades of schools in the city of Kostroma (69 boys and 51 girls). The results of the study showed that the value and emotional components of readiness for military-professional activity are most developed in modern adolescents. Students have value orientations associated with the military profession, realize the importance of protecting their homeland, and also have an emotionally positive attitude to military service, experience feelings of pride and patriotism when talking about a military career. The behavioral component of readiness for military-professional activity in adolescents is developed to the least degree. Today's adolescents are a resource for the development of society in the near future. That is why a timely assessment of the formation of their readiness for military-professional activity is extremely important in the context of an unstable military-political situation; it allows you to build an individual profile of military-professional development and provides an opportunity to organize targeted career guidance work with adolescents.

A Study on Signless Laplacian Energy of an Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs with Applications to Group Decision Making

Abstract:Introduction: Group decision-making shows a critical job while designating with dynamic issues of quick development of society. Decision make is the manner about discovering the beneficial option among the possible alternatives. In first-rate multiple-criteria choice construction methods, the rankings or the weights of the standards are recognized precisely. However, if selection makers are now not capable in conformity with involve doubt within the defining on linguistic variables based concerning fuzzy sets (FSs) and the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory is useful to this job well. The first assurance of this paper is to show the sensibility of some Group decision-making on the Signless Laplacian energy of intuitionistic fuzzy diagrams. We present numerical models, flexibly chain associations in the construction business problem based on extended VIKOR method and Evaluation of the schemes for development of agriculture and farmers’ welfare problem based on MULTIMOORA method to light up the introductions of our arranged ideas in result making to rank the best one. Choice makes is the way about finding the valuable choice among the potential other options. In top mark numerous rules decision development techniques, the rankings or the weights of the guidelines are perceived exactly. In any case, on the off chance that determination creators are currently not skilled in congruity with include question inside the characterizing on semantic factors based concerning fuzzy sets (FSs) and the intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) hypothesis is valuable to this work well. Conclusions: An Intuitionistic fuzzy model is pushed off in PC innovation, correspondence, organizing, when the idea of indeterminacy is current. In this paper, we have acquainted persuaded original thoughts requesting in group decision-making dependent on IFIRs is introduced to delineate the relevance of the proposed ideas of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs. This paper covers the EXTENDED VIKOR method and MULTIMOORA method to resolve the problem of evaluation and ranking the potential alternatives based on Signless laplacian energy of Intuitionistic fuzzy graphs. At long last, mathematical models show a use of the VIKOR technique, EXTENDED VIKOR strategy and MULTIMOORA strategy. These insights are furthermore shown with genuine stage outline. Furthermore, we see the situation with the best one. Furthermore, it gives another aspect in the gathering assessment processes and these strategies can be applied to different circumstances too. Despite the fact that our proposed techniques give another aspect to the calculation viewpoint, the issue on how genuine the contentions are permitted along the judgment cycle actually needs further examination. This issue is left for additional exploration sooner rather than later.

When the university desires, but society refuses: a case study of universities’ missions in the context of contribution to development

ABSTRACT Despite the extensive literature concerning university missions such as education, research, and service, providing a coherent view of how universities contribute to society's economic, social, political, and cultural (ESPC) spheres is rare. Therefore, this study is dedicated to understanding the university's economic, social, political, and cultural missions in Iranian society. To achieve this, the researchers have conducted a comprehensive study of the missions of universities in Iran, serving as a valuable case study. This qualitative research used the qualitative survey strategy. The researcher interviewed 23 experts in the national university system to gather data and then conducted a thematic analysis of the interview data. The case study shows that Iranian universities have diverse missions, including two economic, one social, two political, and two cultural missions, but limited contributions to society development (desire-refusal paradox). The research highlights the crucial role of society's demand characteristics in shaping the extent of university contribution to development. This influence is more significant than the efforts to diversify and update university missions. A low level of society's demand for science and technology, or minimal stakeholder participation in shaping university missions, can severely constrain the realization of various university mission types. Therefore, By providing an integrated view, this study underscores the necessity of developing policies that not only expand university missions but also foster the level of society's demand for these fields. This approach will help bridge the supply-demand gap and enhance the university's contribution to society's development.

Bionic Olfactory Neuron with In-Sensor Reservoir Computing for Intelligent Gas Recognition.

Gas sensing and recognition are closely related to the sustainable development of human society, current electronic noses (e-noses) typically focus on detecting specific gases, with only a few capable of recognizing complex odor mixtures. Further, these sensors often struggle to distinguish between isomers and homologs, as these compounds usually have similar physical and chemical properties, yielding nearly identical sensor responses. Even the mammalian olfactory systems consisting of a large variety of receptor cells and efficient neuron networks sometimes fail in this task. The bottleneck stems from the inability to extract the fingerprints of these compounds and the inefficiency of signal processing. To address these limitations, a material-device-algorithm co-design strategy is proposed that integrates an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) array with in-sensor reservoir computing (RC) and the k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. Organic semiconductors diversify responses to different gases, while RC efficiently extracts spatiotemporal features with lower training costs and reduced energy overhead. This synergy achieves 100% classification accuracy for eight gases and 99.04% accuracy for a library of 26 gases, including mixtures, isomers, and homologs-among the highest reported accuracies. This work provides a groundbreaking hardware solution for bionic olfactory neurons with edge artificial intelligence (AI) functions, surpassing traditional e-noses.