Social Sector Development Research Articles

Assessing Groundwater Resources Vulnerability with the New DRASTIC-LP: A Case Study in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand

Groundwater vulnerability has gained widespread attention, particularly in Chiang Mai Province, one of Thailand’s fastest-growing cities, which is experiencing rapid development in both economic and social sectors. The expansion of urban communities and the industrial, tourism, and agriculture sectors has resulted in the overutilization of available resources, notably water resources. This overuse, coupled with the adoption of modern technology to boost productivity and meet market demands, has led to an increased reliance on groundwater to supplement surface water sources, providing benefits across all sectors. However, the economic and social growth plays a pivotal role in shaping the diversity of land use, encompassing residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities. These activities, in turn, directly contribute to environmental pollution, particularly in terms of the risk of groundwater contamination in Chiang Mai Province. This study aims to predict the future vulnerabilities of groundwater resources under an ensemble of climate change scenarios and changes in land-use patterns. Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand is one of the fastest-growing cities and therefore is experiencing rapid urbanization, as well as land-use pattern changes, which was important for the case study. The new DRASTIC model, namely the DRASTIC-LP model, combined with GIS-based techniques and overlay techniques, was used to generate the map of groundwater resource vulnerabilities. A point pollution source (P)-related land-use pattern (L) that represents contamination impacts was considered an additional new DRASTIC parameter. The study’s findings reveal the high reliability and maximum effectiveness of the new DRASTIC-LP model in assessing groundwater vulnerability and contamination-risk areas under a climate change scenario (by MIROC-ESM-CHEM model under RCP.8.5 scenario) and land-use pattern changes (by CA_Markov Chian Model) for both the current year (2020) and the next 50-year period (2021–2070). Furthermore, the new DRASTIC-LP model is employed to trace the movement of pollutants from high- to very high-risk areas based on the groundwater vulnerability and contamination-risk maps. The results highlight that waste disposal dumping sites pose a more critical distribution and movement of pollutants when compared to industrial sites. Additionally, unconsolidated aquifers and cracked consolidated rock aquifers show a potentially higher occurrence of pollutant distribution and movement when compared to consolidated aquifers. Consequently, the study’s outcomes are applied to formulate guidelines for the management and control of groundwater resource contamination. These guidelines serve as valuable tools for decision makers, aiding in pollution prevention and the effective management of contamination risks in groundwater resources.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Android untuk Monitoring Stok Beras berbasis Internet of Things

Indonesia plays a significant role, particularly in the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector also contributes to the development of social, economic, and trade sectors. One of the products of the agricultural sector is rice. Rice is considered a staple in Indonesian households, serving as a crucial dietary component. Given its essential nature, rice owners must monitor their rice stock to ensure its consistent availability. However, in order to ascertain the rice stock, the rice owner must physically inspect it. The rice owner must, of course, rely on their memory to recall the remaining rice. This approach is less effective due to the limitations of human memory. To address this issue, the development of an Android-based system utilizing IoT (Internet of Things) technology becomes imperative. This system can provide real-time information on rice stock, accessible anytime and anywhere through a smartphone application. Therefore, rice owners will no longer face difficulties in monitoring their rice stock, as the information can be conveniently accessed via a mobile application.

Creative potential of future social workers: formation in the dual form of education

The development of the national social sector, its progressive ideas are largely ensured not only by professionalism, but also by the creative activity of social workers in the performance of professional functions and the realisation of social expectations of the society. The content of creativity in the implementation of social work technologies is revealed in the following qualities of a specialist: creativity, the ability to successfully combine valid, time-tested and experienced effective ways of working with non-traditional methods of work. The latter are formed only under the influence of effective organisation of the practical component of the educational process. The article analyses the possibilities of developing the creative potential of social workers through the organisation of practical research as part of course and qualification work, as well as during project activities. Attention is focused on the extent to which student research based on real-life practical situations can contribute to the development of creativity and professional competence. The authors note that creativity and practical research are unknown structures and require a tolerant attitude to uncertainty. It is noted that uncertainty can be overcome by taking into account the conditions: the problem and obstacles to its solution are determined by clear criteria obtained through empirical research; when conducting student research in the framework of dual education, attention should be paid to certain conditions that provide students with a reliable basis. It is stated that the possibility of acquiring the creative potential of a specialist and providing simple research tools and strategies is possible through expanding students' practical capabilities and supervisory support for research projects with elements of reflection and feedback from the teacher.

Relationship between the Social Sector and Human Development in India: An Inter-State Analysis

The development of social sector relies on structure of public expenditure on housing, public health care, education, water supply and sanitation and welfare of weaker sections (SCs, STs and OBCs) etc. The definition of human development is the increase in people’s freedom to lead long, healthy and creative lives. Present study examines the relationship between social sector and human development across Indian states. The association between India’s social sector and human development from 1992-93 to 2019-20 has been examined using Pearson Correlation. The study found a positive relationship between social sector development and human development across Indian states. Human development dimension should be taken into account during formulation and performance of social sector programmes. Level and structure of government policies must play a crucial role in ensuring a high level of human development among the people.

TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF COMBINED(CENTRE & STATES) PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND SOCIAL SECTOR EXPENDITURE IN INDIA

The present study discusses Trends and Patterns of Combined Public Expenditure and Social Sector Expenditure in India, during 1980 to 2022. The study provides valuable insights on evolving priorities and responses by Government for addressing socio-economic challenges. Over the period, the study reveals an upward trend in Public Spending reflecting Governments priorities towards Social Sector Development and Public Welfare. Overall, the study highlights a sustained commitment from the Government for achieving Socio-Economic Development amidst changing Economic context and priorities.

Main aspects of the development of economic science in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The author examines the main aspects of the development of economic science in the Republic of Kazakhstan, noting its important role in the functioning and development of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of economic science in Kazakhstan as an important part of the general socio-economic policy of the state, reflecting the attitude to science, technology and innovation in the economy. The practical and effective use of the results of fundamental and applied sciences has become an important factor in the sustainable development of mankind. To strengthen the role of science in the socio-economic development of the country, it is extremely important to develop an effective mechanism for stimulating the scientific and technological development of economic and social sectors. Applied economics is formed and implemented on the basis of the interrelation and interaction of the following subjects: public administration, external experts and the scientific ecosystem in determining strategic priorities and program documents of the state. In order to identify the main challenges and problems in the field of improving the effectiveness of the formation and development of applied economics, the author conducted a research in the form of a survey. The article also noted the special role in the further development of fundamental and applied economics of the principles and provisions laid down in the annual Messages of the Head of State Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to the people of Kazakhstan. Based on the conducted research, the author provides recommendations and suggestions in the article to improve the efficiency of scientists in the field of economic science in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the context of globalization and the transition to a new paradigm of economic development, the results of scientific research should serve as a basis for developing recommendations and economic policy measures to improve the economic sphere.

Ethics and Social Responsibility in Information Behavior, an Interdisciplinary Research in Uruguay

Abstract This article presents a series of projects focused, within the framework of the ethical and social responsibility of a Latin American public university, on the information behavior of disadvantaged people, developed from 2008 to the present, within the Information Institute of the University of the Republic, Uruguay. They arose from the views and ideas supported by the project leaders and teams concerning the deficiencies and limitations in the access, use, and appropriation of necessary, relevant, valuable, and reliable information for the personal and social development of social sectors in unfavorable situations in the contexts in which they live. Each of the studies has real social impacts on information policy agendas, incorporating actions to achieve the 2030 Agenda. The projects comprise the theoretical and methodological perspectives presented in each one on the field of information behavior and related to each situation problem identified in a specific user community. The research subjects were young women (2008–2010), adolescents (2010–2015), older women (2017–2019), and family members of children with autism spectrum syndrome (ASD) (2021–2023). We seek to understand the social realities of information and information technologies insofar as most investigations incorporate the development and use of ICTs in the quest to disseminate inclusive information.

Analysis on the Future Development and Existing Problems in the Application of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Technology in China

The rapid growth of science and technology has had a significant impact on all sectors. As part of the reform and development of various social sectors, the traditional manual labor mode has been supplanted by modern machinery and automation technology. It reflects the progress in science and technology of China as well as the development of social civilization. This paper describes the existing problems in the application of mechanical engineering and automation technology and its future development. In short, the current mechanical engineering and automation technology still have issues to be solved in environmental protection, independent innovation, market research, and specialized talents and education. In China, mechanical engineering and automation technology should be heading in the direction of intelligence, automation, user-friendliness, scientific modernization, and integration.

The Implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on the Fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Social Sector Development

China and Pakistan launched the CPEC as a massive project to promote free trade and economic development. CPEC is perceived as "game-changer" despite being in its early stages. Previous research has taken into consideration both macro and micro level benefits of CPEC, but they have primarily been conceptually oriented. This study covers the knowledge gap by investigating the possible advantages of CPEC for Pakistani locals and how it is complimenting Sustainable Development Goals. We used the questionnaire method and face to face interview approach to conduct valuable information for the research. The results demonstrate that residents believe their social lives have significantly improved because of the development of CPEC. To maximize the benefits of CPEC, this research suggests the authorities and stakeholders of the project to enhance its involvement in the education, economic and industrial sectors.

The Disease Pattern and Utilisation of Health Care Services in Pakistan

Health is an important aspect of human life. In general terms, better health status of individuals reflects reduced illnesses, low level of morbidity, and less burden of disease in a given population. It is widely recognised that improved health not only lowers mortality, morbidity and level of fertility, but also contributes to increased productivity and regular school attendance of children as a result of fewer work days lost due to illness, which in turn have implications for economic and social well-being of the population at large. Hence investing in health is vital for promoting human resource development and economic growth in a country [World Bank (1993)]. A view of Pakistan’s health profile indicates that the sector has expanded considerably in terms of physical infrastructure and its manpower in both the public and private sector. This has contributed to some improvement in selected health status indicators over the years. However, the public health care delivery system has been inadequate in meeting the needs of the fast growing population and in filtering down its benefits to the gross-root level. As such, Pakistan still has one of the highest rates of infant and child mortality, total fertility and maternal mortality when compared with many other countries in the Asian region [UNDP (2000)]. Due to low priority given to social sector development in the past and low budgetary allocations made to the health sector, the evidence shows that mortality and morbidity indices have not reduced to the desired level and large gaps remain in the quality of care indicators, especially in rural areas [Federal Bureau of Statistics (2000)].

State led social security and inclusion of marine fisherfolk: Analyzing the case of Kerala, India

Among Indian states, Kerala always stands out with its unparalleled achievements in social sector development. However, the fisherfolk, which accounts for almost 3.5% of the total population of Kerala, still suffers the scourge of exclusion from their material deprivation and employment-related insecurities. To ensure their inclusivity, the state, over the past decades, has introduced several social security initiatives such as welfare schemes, subsidies, direct benefit transfers, etc. Despite these efforts, a commensurate improvement is not visible in their standard of living. In this context, an attempt has been made to analyse the nature and role of the state-led social security measures in ensuring inclusivity based on data collected from various government sources and selected fisherfolk households in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The study assessed different aspects of welfare schemes like nature, level of awareness, and the number of beneficiaries. Among the rolled-out schemes, a paucity of promotional schemes is observed. Likewise, the fisherfolk has lesser awareness about these schemes, and resultantly their enrolment rates are also low. These findings mirror the failures in state action in permeating the targeted community, and it points to the need for more strategic intervention on the part of the government. Formulating more capacity-building initiatives that can offer sustainable social protection and reaching out to coastal communities through innovative awareness campaigns are some of the means by which the state can reiterate its commitment to the inclusive development of marine fisherfolk.

Book review: Ashok Pankaj, Atul Sarma and Antora Borah (Eds.), Social Sector Development in North-East India

Ashok Pankaj, Atul Sarma and Antora Borah (Eds.), Social Sector Development in North-East India. New Delhi: SAGE Publishing, 2021, xxiii + 404 pp, ₹1595, ISBN: 978–93–5388–532–8 (HB)

Blue Economy Policy Model for the Small Island Developing States: The Case of Zanzibar

The sustainable development of world social economic actors, activities and sectors depends upon the nature and character of world’s oceans, seas and coastal areas – the largest ecosystem on the planet. The global blue economy policy objective articulated in form of the Sustainable Development Goal # 14: is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable social economic development. The paper presents the Blue Economy Policy Model for the Small independent Developing Island States, (SIDS) using an analytical policy model. The Blue Economy Policy Model considers wealth resources as stock and flow variables and theses are dynamic and complex production transformation function of exogenous, endogenous variables, other interdependent operations and social economic welfare. The solution and policy objective are to optimize wealth resources, for sustainable social economic welfare. The social economic welfare is a “happy state of human mind” in form the sum total of all satisfactions experienced by an individual and communities as the sum total of individual welfares in a certain geographical location. The paper recommends that in order to achieve the “transparent, equitable and optimal exploitation of all wealth resources to underpin broad-based sustainable growth and socio-economic development” the small independent developing states such as Zanzibar must take into account conditions and the importance of strengthening all wealth resource-based linkages while resources are extant so as to maximize the developmental and inter-generational impact of those resources. Also, this include the ability to see beyond national corporates and boundaries permits recognition of serious global development markets and trade threats that lie elsewhere within the dynamic context as well as the chance to pursue opportunities that would otherwise be missed.

МЕХАНІЗМИ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ТИПУ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ РЕГІОНУ

Research as elements of the formation of the national innovation system of existing and promising mechanisms for the transition to an innovative scenario for the development of economic and social sectors at the regional level determines the need to analyze the processes of implementation of state innovation policy in a regional projection and study different points of view on, which infrastructural elements of the development of innovation activity in the economic and social sectors of a particular subject can serve as generally accepted mechanisms for the transition to the formation of regional innovation systems. The innovative type of socio-economic development of territories is defined as the formation of long-term multi-level relations between socio-economic entities based on the ideology of innovation culture, which ensures the creation and implementation of innovations in all spheres of life, as well as an increase in intellectual capitalization as a condition for sociodominant self-development. The goals of the regional innovation system have been developed. The general goal is to increase the competitiveness of the regional economy, the goals of the first level are the formation of regional clusters, the system of strategic planning and programming, the mechanism of public – private partnership, the development of territories, the reform of education, health and housing, the development of small and medium-sized innovative businesses. It is determined that the main documents regulating the issues of innovative development at the regional level are: strategies of regional socio-economic development, laws on innovation, regional target programs for innovation development. This article explains the purpose of the innovative type of society and region, found a new meaning of innovative development of the region. Selected the main effects of innovative development of regions of Ukraine, education and employment. Defined the functional significance of the regional economy in the context of stimulation of innovative development processes. The competitiveness of the regional economy is determined on the basis of a rational combination of economic and civic position with state and social justice.

A Research on the Dilemmas of Faculty Founded Agencies

Faculty founded social work agency is something with “Chinese characteristics”, also a unique phenomenon appearing in the special development process of social work in China, moreover, such a phenomenon has been widely recognized, and it will sustain for a long time. However, faculty founded social work agencies face not only the dilemmas which are common for all social work agencies, but also a variety of unique dilemmas. This paper analyzed such dilemmas from several aspects including censure of the society, lack of resources, treatment dilemmas, time and energy dilemmas, it is a thorough summary and overview on the current dilemmas of faculty founded social work agencies. Based on the analysis over the dilemmas of faculty founded social work agencies, and the present situation of social work education, practice and sector development, this paper addressed the dilemmas of faculty founded social work agencies from three aspects. i.e.: thinking and orientation, understanding and mutual-aid, mission and persistence, in turn proposed their development direction for the future, which is also the conclusion of the paper.

A Model; Road Map to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Realizing Your Potential a Proposed Guidelines for National Health Policy for Integrated Health Care Delivery

The goals that are set for 2030 regarding sustainable Development are a wakeup call to action that reforms should be made to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure health for all and everywhere. The needs to review and reprioritize the use of existing resources in the health sector along with significant addition and allocation of resources for health should be focusing more on primary health care. Pakistan must also adopt a holistic integrated approach that views health, education, and other social sector development as intrinsically interrelated and interwoven.Most of the patients in Pakistan visit two to three general practitioner / family physicians to rule out and to know the exact diagnosis of their ailment. This increases the frequency of visits to the other physicians and decreases follow up and compliance concerning to the treatment provided. Another Important concern is record maintenance as most of the time patient loss their important notes/ reports.
 So to streamline these all patient record as well as provision of safe treatment and referral if any needed in the region he is residing are the main purpose; this will decrease patient load to Private as well as public sector health units and will decrease the unnecessary movement of patients. The Unique Model by Using the latest Technology has evolved by putting the Communication, Coordination in a synchronization pattern and by keeping the health care provider and client in a centralized position. This will integrate all levels of family Physicians; centralize the patient registration Mechanism in Pakistan. This will regulate Screenings & Surveillance of Communicable and Non communicable Diseases thus support the District Health Administration to keep an eagle eye to monitor disease prevalence and incidence.This will work in coordination with Primary secondary and specialized healthcare; Tertiary health care units Public Sector.The efficient and effective Decrease the Chronicity, Resistance and Poor Compliance
 OBJECTIVES: To strengthen the feedback and Reporting System in Pakistan. To Improve Tracking System, Patient’s Health Care, Surveillance, Coordination, Team Facilitation & Integration hence help in policy development
 METHODOLOGY: This will be a unique Web Portal System with customized features The integrated model will be configured and synchronized; based on integrated, self-regulated concept. It’s all sections shall be interconnected and reports will be auto generated after a concrete analysis and Produce comparative results instantly.
 RESULTS: Rapid communication and Instant strategies policies to improve patient’s health care, by improving the surveillance & tracking system in Pakistan
 CONCLUSIONS: The “Integration Model For Pre & Post Epidemic Communication, Strategies will help to Improve Tracking System, Patient’s Health Care, Surveillance, Coordination, Team Facilitation as well as strengthening the feedback and Reporting System In Pakistan”. This will also help the District Health Authority & District Administration for proper and appropriate measures to initiate.

KARABAKH'S TOURISM PROSPECTS AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

In the modern world, tourism is perceived as a socio-economic event that directly and indirectly affects the development of all related infrastructure. Modern tourism is based on a high level of development of transport, social and service sectors, which ultimately makes it a highly profitable sector of the economy. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), tourism is one of the most profitable and dynamic sectors of the world economy today. It is the second most profitable after oil production and refining. Tourism accounts for about 6% of the world's gross domestic product, 7% of global investment, every 16th job, 11% of global consumption spending and 5% of all tax revenues. In this regard, the tourism sector is actively developing in many countries with state support. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the prospects for the development of tourism in Karabakh. Nagorno-Karabakh has great tourism potential, and the restoration of lost infrastructure communications in the liberated territories is expected to create favorable conditions for business, including the development of tourism. The article discusses the features of tourism in Karabakh, the concept of tourism development prospects, as well as its problems. Keyword: Karabakh, tourism, development, economy, prospects

Pattern of Development Spending and Its Impact on Human Development Index and Gross State Domestic Product in Low-income States in India

The paper empirically examines the pattern and impact of development spending (DS) on human development index (HDI) and gross state domestic product (GSDP) in the low-income states (LIS), for the period of 1993–94 to 2014–15 for seven LIS states. Further analysing the sectoral impact of DS, panel unit root test and co-integration test were performed to analyse stationarity and panel long-run association among DS, GSDP and HDI. The paper finds that the share of DS in recent years for LIS is higher than the major states (MS), implying emphasis on social sector development. It also highlights the lagging behind a few LIS such as Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Rajasthan. The paper sheds light on the long-run co-integrating relationship among DS, HDI and GSDP. It finds that the DS has a significant and positive influence on GSDP but not on HDI in the long run. Sector-specific analysis suggests a long-run equilibrium relationship between DS and all three sectors of economy. Though the coefficient of DS did not emerge to be significant for the HDI indicator, sector-specific analysis suggests that increased health spending is associated with better health outcomes. Prioritising on education, health and skill development, and other DS will help in economic advancement. Proper implementation of schemes may bring change in HDI outcomes.

Evaluation of Unmanned Multicopters’ Performance Indicators for Pesticide and Agrochemical Application

The authors considered the use of unmanned aerial vehicles as one of the promising innovative directions for the development of economic and social sectors. The authors touched upon the prospects for their use in agriculture, especially for pesticide and agrochemical application, where accuracy, quality and timeliness are important. The relevance of multicopter performance assessment was noted. (Research purpose) The authors aim to develop and test a methodology for the evaluation of multicopters’ performance indicators for pesticide and agrochemical application in the agricultural industry. (Materials and methods) The authors used scientific and technical information and experimental materials, applied methods of system, statistical and functional-cost analysis, mathematical modeling, object and process parameter optimization, as well as previously developed methodological approaches to studying the aerial distribution of substances. (Results and discussion) The authors presented a general description and content of the developed methodology and means for assessing multicopter performance when applying working solutions that provide for an estimation error of up to 7 percent.The typical options for field plots and their treatment were specified. The authors analyzed the results of testing the methodology and software for a typical hexacopter with the payload of up to 10 kilograms. The authors analyzed the impact of working speed of up to 10 meters per second, application rates of 2-30 liters per hectare, the size and characteristics of the field plot up to 200 hectares, traffic patterns and other factors on productivity and multicopter treatment cost. (Conclusions) The authors confirmed the efficiency of implementing complex multi-factor assessment of multicopter performance indicators for working fluids application in agricultural production. The authors determined the appropriate area of applying multicopters with a payload of up to 10 kilograms in the field plots up to 50-60 hectares with a rut length of up to 800-900 meters with different treatment performance: flight – up to 10.5 hectares per flight hour, working – up to 7.5 hectares per hour, daytime – up to 55 hectares. Proposals and recommendations for the provision, organization and implementation of this work were formulated.

Penerapan Teknologi Produksi Kopi Herbal Instan Desa Gombengsari, Kecamatan Kalipuro, Kabupaten Banyuwangi

Desa Gombengsari merupakan salah satu desa di Banyuwangi yang memiliki potensi kopi yang menjanjikan, namun potensi kopi tersebut masih kurang dalam inovasi produk olahan kopi. Salah satu perubahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah pelatihan dan pembuatan Kopi Herbal. Pelatihan dan pembuatan ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat kopi lokal Banyuwangi dan menambah nilai tambah yang tinggi pada produk kopi. Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk mengenalkan manfaat dan produk turunan dari kopi herbal, sedangkan praktik bertujuan untuk mendemonstrasikan cara membuat kopi herbal dari proses awal hingga proses pengemasan. Sedangkan tahap terakhir adalah monitoring, yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan memberikan solusi atas permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam proses pembuatan kopi. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan dari kopi herbal instan memiliki ciri khas antara lain rasa dan khasiat yang diberikan dengan harga bahan baku yang terjangkau, penerapan teknologi produksi kopi herbal instan berdampak positif bagi perkembangan kreativitas, sosial dan sektor ekonomi Di sektor lain, pendapatan yang dihasilkan dari pembuatan kopi herbal mampu membayar semua biaya yang dikeluarkan dan mampu menghasilkan keuntungan yang menjanjikan.