Development Of Social Organizations Research Articles

КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ЦЕННОСТЕЙ В КОНТЕКСТЕ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

At present, increases the relevance of axiological approach to management activities, based on the identification of values, which is semantic for the heads of educational institutions. From this point of view, classification of values proposed by Plato, Aristotle, David Hume, Kant, V. Frankl, H. Rickert, N. Lossky and other thinkers. The author proves the hierarchical classification management activities values on the ground level of which are resource values, on the second - important for achieving its objectives procedural values, on the third - the value of work, its efficiency and effectiveness, and on the fourth, the highest level - the value of man, societies and organizations, based the retrospective review. The author offers to extrapolate the results to the activities of educational institutions, concludes that the value ranges are significant variations, which are determined by cultural and environmental features that make them meaningful to the heads of various educational organizations. These differences lead to different estimates of the role of the environment in society, the role of social institutions of government and the rights and freedoms of the individ, the role of tradition and innovation in the development of social organizations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-9-90

P-327 - The invisible 143.000.000 orphans. author presents www.fairstart.net/training to prevent orphan deprivation on a global scale by research based care giver education in 25 languages

Valuable child care research is frequently not applied in care practices. The project aim is to prevent early deprivation and subsequent child- and adulthood personality disorders in orphans by a free online education in attachment based care. To transform child research into practical professional education programs, applicable in local culture. Enhancing relations based practices to improve care quality without increasing care setting budgets. To support the qualification of local caregivers rather than rely on external aid intervention. based on a researcher's network, an EU funded 2 year pilot study involving 7 countries ran 2008–2010: to develop, test and provide free e-learning program for care giver education and organizational development in orphanages and foster family management. : infant stimulation practices, attachment theory based care and social organization development was transformed into 15 staff and leader sessions online, including video practice demonstrations, data from various studies integrated in program. Program was launched in 8 languages, and thanks to volunteer professionals, 16 more language versions are on their way. Researchers McCall & Groark of Pittsburgh University are planning effect studies with author. Program is now standard education for all staffs in the 8000 Indonesia orphanages. A second EU project, TRANSFAIR, is currently running to spread the education in Eastern Europe orphanages and foster families.

Sustainable housing applications and policies for low-income self-build and housing rehab

Recent years have seen an increased focus on the role of house construction and retrofitting within the broader agenda of sustainable development and climate change. To date this focus has largely targeted middle- and upper-income residential neighborhoods in urban areas. However, in the United States, and in middle developing countries such as Brazil and Mexico, there is growing recognition that urban sustainability will only gain traction if widespread applications are also incorporated into self-help and do-it-yourself housing construction and home improvements, especially those that address lower-income housing markets. Here we explore some of the potential ways in which contemporary sustainable housing applications may be integrated into the existing housing stock in low-income and informal settlements in the United States and in Latin America. We document the range of sustainable housing applications that are increasingly available in the U.S. as a baseline for discussion and evaluation of the potential application to lower-income segments of the housing market in both developed and developing countries. A heuristic model is presented to assess the extent to which policy makers, NGOs and low-income owner households may realistically participate in sustainable home building. Beyond physical development applications we close by emphasizing that sustainable housing agendas must adopt a holistic approach: one that embraces community and social organizational development, as well as fiscal and juridical policy dimensions.

Acquisition of fission–fusion social organization in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) community released into the wild

The social aspects of primate reintroduction are of primary importance to the success of release programs and need to be assessed through the study of changes in social behavior over time. This study reports on the development of social structure and organization in a community of 37 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) released into the wild in the Conkouati Douli National Park, Republic of Congo. Analyses of post-release monitoring data collected over 10 years on association patterns between individuals show that during the years following individual releases, chimpanzees exhibited changing social structure and organization until they stabilized in one community living in a fission–fusion system. Social organization development was directly affected by several factors including community size and experience in the wild, while social structure was affected by individual characteristics: gender, pre-release history, and release history. Similarities between social structure and organization observed in the released community and wild chimpanzee communities demonstrate that the release program is a success from a social point of view.

Environmental Movements and Social Organizations in Shanghai

This research aims to analyze environmental movements and social organizations in Shanghai since the late 1990s. The study reveals that civil society in Shanghai has increasingly had an impact on environmentally unfriendly policies given the priority of economic well-being in every aspect of society. The development of social organizations in environmental protection in Shanghai was identified through fieldwork carried out in 2002. Alongside existing social organizations already engaged in environmental protection, there was also an emergence of new social organizations. Most of the environmental NGOs in Shanghai—spearheaded by university students—lack capacity to exert much influence on environmental policies. In addition to student-based environmental NGOs, other types of social organizations include government-organized NGOs (GONGOs), local communities (s hequ), the media, and international NGOs. The study evaluates how the local environmental NGOs in Shanghai evolved and survived in the transitional period interacting with other social organizations. It is concluded that a collaboration of GONGOs, NGOs, and various environmental groups together with international NGOs has led to the formation of a civil force that influences Shanghai's environmental policymaking.

Towards bridging the digital divide for all‐round socio‐economic development in India of the 21st century

The idea of connecting rural India to the world has captured the imagination of journalists, scholars, non‐governmental organizations, digital pioneers, and the corporate sectors. The revolution in information technology (IT) has transformed the world into a global society in a short time. To promote IT industry, the Indian Government established a Working Group on Information Technology for the Masses. If any technology can create new opportunities to bridge the gap between haves and have nots in society in the present times, it is IT says the background report of this Working Group on Information Technology for the Masses. In no country is the debate between the optimists and the pessimists more relevant than in India, where new centers of information technology are creating wealth and integrating some sectors into the global economy, while millions remain marginalized and deprived of the most basic human needs. On the other side of the digital divide are the 45 percent of the population who cannot read or write (57 percent of the female population), the 44 percent who survive on less than $1 per day, and those who live in the 370,000 villages that do not have telephone connections. Noting the irony of such sharp contrasts, the former President of India, Narayan lamented in a speech on the eve of the country's fiftieth anniversary as a republic that India has one of the world's largest reservoirs of trained technical personnel but also one of the world's largest number of illiterates, the largest number of people below the poverty line, and the largest number of children suffering from malnutrition. The fact remains that no developing country has benefited more from the digital revolution than India, and in no country is the digital divide wider or deeper. In the words of Bill Gates in which recently he pointed out, what good a computer is for someone who survives on 1$ per day, whose main concern is the next meal. It is a fact that in India the impact of information technology has not reached every sphere of activity or every individual yet India has made a good deal of contribution in this field and has risen to considerable eminence in the world. Information Technology has created a new and dynamic economic sector, generating significant employment and wealth. It is therefore necessary to see how we can bridge this divide that is shaping between the digitally rich and the digitally poor nations, institutions and individuals. The essential nature of the development process is the progressive development of social organizations and institutions that harness and direct the society's energies and material resources for higher levels of accomplishment.

Negotiating the State: The Development of Social Organizations in China

One notable feature of the reform programme sponsored by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been the expansion of social organizations. With greater social space created by the reforms and with the state unable or unwilling to carry the same wide range of services and functions as before, organizations with varying degrees of autonomy from the party-state structures have been set up. They have been allowed or have created an increased organizational sphere and social space in which to operate and to represent social interests, and to convey those interests into the policy-making process. They not only liaise between state and society but also fulfil vital welfare functions that would otherwise go unserved.

ANCESTOR WORSHIP: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF RITUAL ACTIVITIES IN NEOLITHIC NORTH CHINA

Based on the analysis of burial patterns found at several archaeological sites in the Yellow River valley, this study demonstrates the existence of various forms of ritual practice directed towards ancestors during the Neolithic period. Different ritual behavior revealed in the data clearly indicate the development of the ancestral cult in three respects: (1) the ancestors venerated shifted from collective groups to exclusive individuals with high social status; (2) the worshippers who performed the rituals changed from large social organizations at the community level (probably represented by multi-lineage groups) to small social groups at the lineage or family level; and (3) social beneficiaries of the ritual changed from the entire community to selected social sectors of the whole, mainly lineages or families with high social status. Ancestor in ancient China, therefore, can be characterized by two basic forms, ancestor worship and ancestor worship, with a number of variations within the two. The former form may have been associated with an egalitarian social organization, and the latter seems to have deeply influenced the religious and political systems of the Shang dynasty. Although the shift from the equal treatment of group ancestors to the unequal treatment of individual ancestors is parallel with the overall development of social organization from egalitarian to stratified, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the two progressions. Unequal treatment of dead forebears, who were identified with different social sectors, may have occurred in basically egalitarian societies while veneration of particular individual ancestors probably appeared in societies in which socio-economic stratification among community members had yet to develop.

Creating a Framework for Civil Society in Kyrgyzstan

OVER THE PAST DECADE OR SO a vast literature has appeared on the subject of civil society. Though in part inspired by events in Eastern Europe, the discussion has rapidly extended to cover political development in all comers of the globe. Various concerns have agitated the scholarly literature, from extensive debates over what exactly can be contained within an understanding of civil society to analysis of its relationship to processes of political change and democratisation. In definitional discussions the debate has to some extent moved beyond simplistic accounts of a distinctive realm intermediate between state and citizen, and most authors emphasise the interdependence of the three spheres. At the same time some sociologists and anthropologists, as well as political scientists concerned with the developing world, have expressed doubts about narrow, Western-oriented definitions of the concept. In particular they have questioned understandings that demand the presence of a particular type of 'modular' individual or which automatically disqualify more traditional forms of social organisation based upon kinship, ethnicity or religious identities. Whilst recognising that these may often act in uncivil fashion, many authors would argue that such groups play many of the roles usually ascribed to civil society, and offer forms of social contact and solidarity that are essential for societies undergoing rapid transition. Other scholars are more sceptical, pointing to the danger of a conceptual stretching that may render the very idea of civil society meaningless.1 More important for our purpose, however, has been discussion of the relationship between civil society and democracy, with its tendency to blur discussion of the former into that of the latter. Analytically, however, these are separate issues and in traditional societies such as those of Central Asia the development of social organisation is worth analysis in its own right, regardless of its imagined or actual contribution to democratisation. Even when one does pursue the linkage, it is impossible to accept uncritically the assumption that the successful building of democracy requires the pre-existence of a strong civil society, or that successful economic and political reform would always advance furthest 'in those countries where civil society is most robust'.2 Certainly it helps, and an examination of 'classic' transitions such as those in Spain and Poland suggests that this often is so, for in both cases a healthy civil society had developed within an authoritarian political order prior to the process of transition. Yet it might also be the case that in countries with little experience of independent political life, let alone of democracy, the impetus for the emergence of civil society

Adaptation, Goal Achievement, Integration, and Latency: An Analysis of the Projects and Programs of the International Association of School Librarianship

The development of IASL as an organization is explored through a description and analysis of its projects and programs for the period from 1971-1995. Four problems in the development of social organizations -- adaptation, goal achievement, integration, and latency -- provide the theoretical framework for discussing initiatives such as the IASL/UNESCO Co-Action Project, the Support-a-Friend project, the School Library Leadership Development Award, the International Book exhibit, several jointly sponsored grants and awards, and the Assembly of Associations.

The Development of Social Organizations among Polish Immigrants in Germany, 1870-1914.

The Development of Social Organizations among Polish Immigrants in Germany, 1870-1914.

The Social Structure of the Nyakyusa: a Re-evaluation

Opening ParagraphThe Nyakyusa of south-western Tanzania have received very substantial ethnographic coverage. Nonetheless there remain certain gaps in our knowledge of this society. The field-work by Dr. Godfrey Wilson and Professor Monica Wilson was done largely in the mid 1930s before structural-functional analysis had achieved its present refinement and was evidently influenced by Malinowski who was not himself known for a concern in sociological analysis per se. In these studies of the Nyakyusa, values, beliefs, and ritual were a main object of attention; they present Nyakyusa society as though it were a direct result of the Nyakyusa value system, although the actual workings of the society have been left rather obscure. It is presented as coherent, values and social organization reinforcing each other at every point. But internal evidence contradicts this picture, and on a priori grounds it may also be seen that there were several structural pressures towards incoherence, or rather, conflict between the actual development of social organization through time and those presumably timeless values reputed to maintain it.

The Development of Social Organizations in Vietnamese Cities in the Late Colonial Period

R APID URBANIZATION iS one of the more celebrated phenomena of the history of modern Southeast Asia, and Vietnam has not escaped it. In 1931, it is true, the population of Saigon, the largest city, was considered to be only approximately 120,000 people (about 76,ooo Vietnamese, 34,000 Chinese, and 10,000 Europeans and others), as opposed to its more than three million people in 1970. Yet even in the colonial period, considerable social differentiation, and the expansion of new social classes, were unmistakable trends in the cities of Vietnam. Such differentiation and expansion created concomitant needs for social reform and new types of social integration. This article examines the structural vagaries and the ideological idiosyncrasies of some of the professional associations, mutual aid societies, philanthropic groups, cooperatives, and assorted fellowship organizations that arose to answer many of these needs. It is concerned essentially with non-political groups, rather than Vietnamese political parties which are usually less neglected by analysts. And in looking at selected social organizations of urban Indochina in the i920's and 1930's, and at the organizational abilities and tendencies of the new urban professional classes which supported them, one comes at once across a major controversy. Captious Western observers have never hesitated to identify a lack of social cohesiveness as one of the predominating negative themes of modern Vietnamese history, at least in its non-Communist phases. Vietnamese reformers themselves have hardly been idle in condemning their society's fragmentation. One of the most zealous of Vietnam's urban, middle class reformers of the late colonial period was Nguyen Tuong Long (1907-1948), a northern lawyer, journalist, novelist, and politician who commonly wrote under the pseudonym of Hoang Dao. In his abrasive, coolly evangelical guide to the needs of the future, Muoi dieu tam niem (A Sequence of Ten Fundamental Concepts), written for Vietnamese youth in i939, Hoang Dao pointed to the number of transitory social enterprises (produced by Vietnamese rather than by Frenchmen) which had been launched with fanfare in the Indochina colony and then abandoned as lost causes-special schools, maternity houses, and financial assistance societies. They had all failed, ac-

The development of social organisation in the domestic chick

1. 1. Certain behaviour patterns tended to appear in a sequence as escape reactions, frolicking, sparring, aggressive pecking, avoiding re-actions, and fighting. 2. 2. In heterosexual groups of chicks pecking occurred between the sexes with males pecking more often on all chicks and more frequently on the males. The limitation of agonistic behaviour between members of the same sex developed gradually. 3. 3. Males established dominance-subordination relationships, peck-rights, and a peck-order earlier than females. 4. 4. Both males and female chicks treated with gonadal hormones formed peck-rights and a peck-order somewhat earlier than did untreated chicks of the same hatch. Androgenic treatment caused an increase in aggressiveness, whereas oestrogen treated chicks were more submissive than their controls and showed more instances of submission than domination. 5. 5. Capons showed much variability as to the age at which peck-rights were established, many were formed long after their normal controls developed a peck-order. Androgenic treatment of capons reduced the age at which dominance relations were established. 6. 6. Chicks of either sex reared in partial isolation (non-contactual) established a dominance order in a matter of hours when assembled at the age at which group-reared controls formed a peck-order. These results suggest that the age at which peck-rights form is determined essentially by processes of maturation rather than of learning only. The indications are that the development of nervous mechanisms were involved. 7. 7. Androgen treated cockerels reared in partial isolation were assembled at various ages during which group-reared controls were establishing their peck-rights. Isolated cockerels assembled at 31 days of age nearly established a social order within 6 days and much earlier than the controls. Two groups assembled at 41 and 51 days failed to show much advance over group-reared normal cockerels. The indications were that at these ages there was a conflict between aggressive behaviour and newly developed sexual drive which required more time for social adjustments. The sex drive in pullcts appears much later than in cockerels and a similar test with normal pullets (untreated) did not show this conflict resulting from an overlapping in the development of aggressive and sexual behaviour patterns. 8. 8. Social inertia was demonstrated by shifting chicks regularly between partial isolation and a group, and also shifting chicks between two groups. Chicks shifted from group to group carried with them certain behaviour patterns whereas chicks from isolation evoked agonistic behaviour.

The Influence of Race and Culture on the Development of Social Organization in Illinois

The Influence of Race and Culture on the Development of Social Organization in Illinois