Development Of Rainwater Harvesting Research Articles

Watershed modelling development for generating runoff estimation of Sarida Catchment/Central West Bank.

Watershed modelling was carried out in Sarida Catchment in the West Bank (Palestine) in order to determine the physical characteristics of the watershed. Generated storm water and runoff were estimated for watershed sub-catchments for enhancing the potentiality of rainwater harvesting development. Climatic data across eight years (seven wet seasons) were used for watershed modelling by using the software application systems of Watershed Modelling and Hydrologic Modelling. The Geographical Information System (GIS) and Microsoft Excel were used as well for the estimation of different model parameters and features. The physical and meteorological characteristics for each sub-catchment including land use, topography, soil, rainfall, and other parameters were identified. The model results provided sensitive conceptual principles for understanding the runoff mechanisms in the watershed. The average generated storm water over the seven seasons (2008/09 to 2014/15) is 23.16 and 13.44 Mm3/year for northern and southern sub-catchments in Sarida watershed, respectively. The generated runoff of the sub-catchments over this period ranged between 2.13 and 23.18 million cubic meters per year. The results suggest a high potential for rainwater harvesting to promote agricultural development and the need to establish a climatic monitoring network in Sarida watershed, as well as in other catchments in the West Bank, for better informing watershed management practices and policies.

Rainwater harvesting as an alternative water resource in Malaysia: potential, policies and development

Some regions in Malaysia is facing water scarcity problem nowadays despite Malaysia has high quantity of water resources. The increasing water demand has triggered the initiatives to look for alternative water supply. Rainwater harvesting was proposed by the government as part of the solutions to mitigate water scarcity problem. Literatures associated with rainwater harvesting were obtained from various sources. These literatures were reviewed and have been instrumental to analyze the potential, policies and development of rainwater harvesting in Malaysia. This article discusses the potential of rainwater harvesting in Malaysia under the dynamic climate as a case study. The challenges of rainwater harvesting development in terms of environment, policy, economy, social and technical are pointed with the way forward for rainwater harvesting. It is anticipated that rainwater harvesting is going to play the role as an alternative water resource in the country. In order to promote rainwater harvesting in Malaysia, inter-ministerial and multi-stakeholders co-operations are needed to mainstream this alternative water resource into the national strategy.

Rainwater harvesting in urban areas: how can foreign experiences enhance the French approach?

Since the end of the 1990s, rainwater harvesting (RWH) has been growing in France. A first regulatory framework, constituted mainly by an Order of 21 August, 2008, helped to strengthen this practice, but also introduced some limitations to the development of RWH. Considering the growing social demand and possible issues for water resources, it is likely that this first regulatory framework will evolve. In order to anticipate these changes, foreign case studies may be very instructive. Based on a detailed analysis of eight countries in all continents (Germany, United Kingdom, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, Australia and Uganda), this paper draws up an international overview of RWH allowing French practices to be put into perspective. Beyond the specific and sensitive differences, the experience of these countries gives useful lessons for the French case. Comparisons have been drawn on different topics: uses of rainwater, quality standards, regulatory tools and RWH development factors. RWH, especially, in urban areas appears in France as an isolated topic. It is necessary in the future to better integrate it into overall urban water management approaches.

RAINWATER HARVESTING, HOMESTEAD FOOD FARMING, SOCIAL CHANGE AND COMMUNITIES OF INTERESTS IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on a multidisciplinary 5‐yr study of rainwater harvesting and conservation practices, homestead food farming and rural production practices in two Eastern Cape rural villages. The unexpected negative dynamics and changing aspects of food insecurity alongside limited and declining homestead garden food production (and rainwater harvesting) and subsequent marginalization are explained. The human capital approach is here understood as one that inevitably entails a sense of knowledge and sustainable development held elsewhere. A more engaged sense of defining and working with human capacities is needed, one which does not solely refer to formal education improvements, earnings and transfers of agricultural skills as positive. Application and development of rainwater harvesting is embedded in the complex and negative, increasingly marginal and compressed singular livelihood attributes that have come to be socially associated with food farming and rainwater harvesting. Food farming and rainwater harvesting is stigmatized as a sign of poverty, HIV/AIDS and abandonment by family, and thus is located in the differentiated and distinctively negative space in the existing webs of local community and village social and knowledge relationships. The paper concludes that this has major implications, and methods aimed at assisting vulnerable families to cope with food insecurity might actually lead to increased vulnerability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sustainable development of rainwater harvesting in drought-prone sub-humid region: Determinants and viable options

The present study analyses viable methods of rainwater harvesting in drought-prone Bolangir and examines different bio-physical and socio-economic factors that influence the performance and sustainability of the water harvesting structures (WHSs). The study reveals that the traditional WHSs have proved to be extremely useful not only in normal years but also in water-scarce years. Most of the factors are favourable for development of WHSs in the sub-humid region like Bolangir. Small size WHSs are advantageous over medium and large irrigation projects in Bolangir because of its uneven and hilly topography. So instead of going for big dams those have already consumed a lot of time and resources but not yet completed, efforts should be made to increase the irrigation coverage through WHSs. The government patronage and convincing stakeholders to increase their participation are urgently required for sustainability of micro level water resources.

Development of Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Water Use in Rural Sri Lanka

Development of Rainwater Harvesting for Domestic Water Use in Rural Sri Lanka