Progress In Development Research Articles

Understanding power, culture and institutional change: a revised approach to political settlements analysis

ABSTRACT The institutions that govern how we distribute resources, protect rights, and accord status are widely recognised as important for progressive development outcomes. Political settlements analysis is an increasingly influential framework for (post)institutional analysis within development studies, arguing that institutions and their outcomes are shaped by political economy relations of power. This article builds on the strengths of political settlements analysis (PSA) but argues that its strongly materialist foundations overlook the role of social identity, status and moral beliefs in shaping institutional change. Future research employing PSA needs rebalancing, incorporating an understanding of power relations as ideational as well as material and based on cultural as well as political and economic sources. Drawing on insights from cultural political economy, this article presents an alternative approach to power in PSA. This emphasises the contingency inherent in meaning-making processes and conceives of power as embedded in cultural understandings, as well as political organisation and economic control. Adopting this cultural political economy approach to power allows PSA to produce a fuller understanding of the causal mechanisms generating institutional change.

Developing complex thinking through a systemic framework for water education: a case study on the domestic water cycle in French curricula

This study explores systemic approaches in water education, focusing on the Domestic Water Cycle (DWC) as a complex educational topic. Water education aims to cultivate responsibility for water resources, engage individuals in water-related issues, and promote sustainable behaviours. Understanding water’s complexity is paramount, and systemic approaches offer a promising way to enhance this understanding. This research develops a comprehensive systemic tool for curriculum designers, educators and teachers to implement water education projects effectively. It also analyses the representation of DWC in official documents related to compulsory education in France, focusing on cycles 1–4. Using qualitative content analysis, the study examines these documents in depth. A four-step methodology was developed to create a systemic diagram of the DWC, incorporating various approaches as guiding principles. This diagram was then used to analyze educational programs. Findings reveal progressive development in DWC treatment across educational levels. Cycles 1 and 2 include some DWC elements, but the overall flow is not identified. In Cycle 3, several elements and relationships are not explicitly included. However, Cycle 4 exhibits a stronger systemic approach, addressing DWC complexity. This study demonstrates that integrating a systemic approach and utilizing a systemic tool can provide valuable support in teaching complexity effectively. Furthermore, it suggests this approach can help students develop essential skills such as problem-solving, understanding interrelationships, and making informed decisions across various domains, including environmental studies.

FORMATION OF HYBRID ORGANIC AGRI-FOOD SYSTEMS BASED ON CONSORTIUMS

The article discusses the hypothesis of combining small and large producers of organic food into associations and consortiums, where each business entity will receive certain advantages. In the course of the study, the author took into account the features of the types and experience of state support for existing organic agro-food systems, the main beneficiaries of the progressive development of these systems. The study is based on the synthesis of types of modern, traditional and mixed organic agro-food systems, which made it possible to identify the possibility of forming a new type of system — ​hybrid organic agri-food systems. The results of the study showed that cooperatives and associations can become the most acceptable forms of hybrid systems at the initial stage of their formation. The addition of an agro-industrial holding to the system will allow the formation of consortiums, which are proposed to be considered as the main form of hybrid organic agri-food systems and a mechanism for scaling them up to create export sectors based on small and medium-­sized businesses. In order to identify the interests of the main beneficiaries of the consortiums, the stakeholder analysis method was used, which shows that it is the state that is the main recipient of the positive effects from the development of hybrid organic agro-food systems. These effects include: preservation of natural capital, reduction of unemployment in rural areas, slowing down the rate of rural migration, involvement in the circulation of unused land, strengthening the health of the nation and increasing farmers’ incomes. At the same time, a necessary condition for the formation and scaling of organic consortiums are state support measures that can be aimed at stimulating the interaction of business entities and protecting the interests of small farmers.

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА Х-СЦЕПЛЕННОГО СИНДРОМА АЛЬПОРТА У ДЕТЕЙ: ДАННЫЕ ОДНОЦЕНТРОВОГО КОГОРТНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) is a monogenic disease characterized by the progressive nephropathy development, sensorineural hearing loss and the lens and retina pathology. The clinical manifestations of the syndrome and the renal prognosis of patients are determined by the nature of the gene COL4A5 mutation. The range of COL4A5 genetic variants is different among populations. Information about the XLAS genetic structure in Russian pediatric cohort is insufficient. The purpose of this research was to determine the features of the spectrum of the gene COL4A5 genetic variants in children with XLAS. Materials and methods used: a single-center retrospective cohort study included children aged 2 to 17 y/o with genetically confirmed XLAS. Descriptions of variants in gene COL4A5 were performed using genome build GRCh37/hg19 in accordance with the reference sequence GRCh37/hg19 (Reference Sequence, HGVS) and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), AMP Clinical Practice Guidelines. Results: analysis of data from 174 probands from unrelated families showed that 108 (62%) children had missense variants in gene COL4A5 (62% v. 38%, missense v. non-missense variants, respectively, p=0.028), 24 (13.8%) had mutations leading to impaired RNA splicing, 17 (9.8%) had frameshift mutations, 14 (8%) had gene deletions and 10 (5.7%) had nonsense mutations. Missense variants were predominantly localized in the collagen domain compared to the non-collagen domain (n=102, 94.4%, p<0.001), in exons 18 to 41 (n=94; 94.8%) and were represented by glycine substitutions (n=90, 83.3%). Two common variants were identified in the cohort: NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1871G>A (p.Gly624Asp) in 28 (26%) and NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.3319G>A (p.Gly1107Arg) in 4 (3.7%). Conclusion: the structure of COL4A5 genetic variants in the studied cohort was comparable with the current Worldwide data, such as two thirds of the examined had missense variants and ca. one-fifth had genetic variants leading to the protein synthesis absence. Two common missense variants in gene COL4A5 were identified, including the common variant NM_033380.3(COL4A5):c.1871G>A (p.Gly624Asp) that is of frequent occurrence in the European population.

Visualizing Trends and Bibliometric Study in Tissue Engineering for Rotator Cuff Injuries.

This research is dedicated to uncovering the evolving trends, progressive developments, and principal research themes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for rotator cuff injuries, which spans the past two decades. This article leverages visualization methodology to provide a clear and comprehensive portrayal of the dynamic landscape within the field. We compiled 758 research entries centered on the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in treating rotator cuff injuries, drawing from the Web of Science Core Collection database and covering the period from 2003 to 2023. Analytical tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and GraphPad Prism were used. We conducted comprehensive analyses to discern the general characteristics, historical evolution, key literature, and pivotal keywords within this research field. This comprehensive analysis enabled us to identify emerging focal points and current trends in the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for addressing rotator cuff injuries. The compilation of 758 articles in this study indicates a consistent upward trajectory in publications concerning tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for rotator cuff injuries. The scholarly contributions from the United States, China, and South Korea have notable influence on the progression of this research area. The analysis delineated ten specific research subdomains, including fatty infiltration, tears, tissue engineering, shoulder pain, tendon repair, extracellular matrix (ECM), and platelet-rich plasma growth factors. Noteworthy is the recurrent mention of keywords such as "mesenchymal stem cells," "repair," and "platelet-rich plasma" throughout past two decades, highlighting their critical role in the evolution of the relevant field. This bibliometric analysis meticulously examines 758 publications, offering an in-depth exploration of the developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for rotator cuff injuries between 2003 and 2023. The study effectively constructs a knowledge map, delineating the progressive contours of research in this domain. By pinpointing prevailing trends and emerging hotspots, the study furnishes crucial insights, setting a direction for forthcoming explorations and providing guidance for future researchers in this evolving field.

Exploring trends and dynamics in women’s entrepreneurship research: A bibliometric analysis of survey questionnaires and emerging themes

Women’s entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in societal progress and economic development, fostering diversity, innovation, and inclusive growth. This review paper examines the significance of women entrepreneurship research through a multifaceted lens, encompassing surveys, questionnaires, and bibliometric analyses, spanning from 1985 to 2023. By utilizing the Scopus database and employing bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer, this study investigated trends, prominent authors, contributing institutions, and funding sources. While existing research has made progress, significant gaps remain, particularly in understanding cultural and socioeconomic contexts. By utilizing bibliometric analysis, this study identifies prominent authors, research areas, source institutions, nations, and funding sponsors contributing to the field. Moreover, it identifies emerging themes such as access to finance, post-COVID-19 entrepreneurship, rural and youth entrepreneurship, and human capital sustainability. By elucidating these factors, this research offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to enhance support and promote women’s entrepreneurship globally.

Revisiting the Spatial Cycle: Intra-Regional Development Patterns and Future Population Dynamics in Metropolitan Athens, Greece

Being intertwined with economic development, urbanization determines the present and future development path of regions and countries. The intimate relationship between urban expansion and economic development is of particular interest in the case of large regions with complex (and mostly non-linear) socio-demographic dynamics and a relevant primacy in the metropolitan system of a given country. Typical examples of advanced economies with settlement systems characterized by a high degree of city primacy are peripheral and disadvantaged European countries such as Portugal and Greece. For instance, the administrative region of Attica—centered on Athens, the Greek capital city—represents the largest metropolitan area of the country, hosting almost 3.8 million inhabitants in 2021 (36.2% of the Greek population). In this context, this study investigates the internal redistribution of the resident population in metropolitan Athens and the progressive development of satellite cities over a relatively longtime interval, testing the assumptions of the Spatial Cycle Theory (SCT) between 1951 and 2021 and predicting future development paths up to 2051. To investigate past, present, and future intra-regional population trends, we used data released from decadal (1951–2021) censuses and demographic forecasts for the years 2031, 2041, and 2051. Being in line with the SCT, the empirical results of our study document how demographic dynamics of individual centers influence largely—and independently—the long-term development of metropolitan regions, both with policy/planning regulation and in conditions of non-intervention (spontaneous urban growth).

The mechanism of legal relations in the context of modern legal policy P. P. Serkov. Legal relationship (theory and practice of modern legal policy): in 2 parts. Moscow: Norma, 2023. Part 1: legal doctrine and legal policy measures. – 872 pp.; Part 2: generalization of legal experiences of ascent to man, society And the state. – 672 pp.

The multidimensional nature of law, designed to act as the main social regulator and the importance of legal policy for the progressive development and functioning of the legal system, which is increasing in the context of modern challenges to national security, determines the theoretical and practical significance of research on the phenomenon of legal policy. The peer-reviewed monograph provides a scientific substantiation of the systemic relationship between the mechanism of legal relations and legal policy. The author of the monograph comprehensively and from original positions examines the essence of legal policy, the problems associated with its scientific knowledge and implementation, and identifies its patterns.

Advancing Young Learners’ Scientific Literacy Through School Media Resource Centres

This qualitative study explores the state of school media resource centres (SMRCs) and their impact on fostering scientific literacy among early-grade learners in Staff Primary Schools. Perspectives of primary school librarians were gathered through photovoice methodology and semi-structured interviews from four selected schools within Owerri Education Zone 1, Nigeria. Thematic analysis was employed to scrutinise the data, ensuring credibility and trustworthiness through member checking and triangulation. Findings reveal a glaring absence of functional SMRCs despite the presence of school libraries, impeding effective teaching and learning processes. Librarians expressed the significance of SMRCs in advancing scientific literacy, yet perceived constraints hinder their efficacy. Challenges include inadequate funding, technological infrastructure, security concerns, and outdated resources. Recommendations highlight the necessity for prioritised financing, professional development opportunities, and collaboration with external stakeholders to enhance SMRCs. Moreover, addressing electricity-related challenges, updating library collections, strengthening security measures, involving parents, and implementing talent development programmes are crucial. In conclusion, the absence of functional SMRCs in staff primary schools significantly impedes the progress and holistic development of scientific literacy of early-grade learners. Addressing these deficiencies is imperative to foster scientific literacy and ensure quality education in the 21st century.

SLC4A4 is a novel driver of enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer

The androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) enzalutamide (Enz) has shown critical efficacy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). However, the development of drug resistance is a significant factor contributing to mortality in PCa patients. We aimed to explore the key mechanisms of Enz-resistance. Through analysis of GEO databases, we identified SLC4A4 as a novel driver in Enz resistance. Long-term Enz treatment leads to the up-regulation of SLC4A4, which in turn mediates P53 lactylation via the NF-κB/STAT3/SLC4A4 axis, ultimately leading to the development of Enz resistance and progression of PCa. SLC4A4 knockdown overcomes Enz resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, our results suggest that targeting SLC4A4 could be a promising therapeutic strategy for Enz resistance. Statement of significanceSLC4A4 is a novel driver of enzalutamide resistance.

Unique Lessons From the Natural Progression of Rejection in Human Uterine Allografts.

Uterus transplantation (UTx) is a novel treatment for absolute uterine infertility. Acute T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) can be monitored only through serial cervical biopsies. This study, the first of its kind in human transplantation, evaluated clinical, serological, and pathophysiological manifestations of allograft rejection from immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW) to graft hysterectomy (Hx). Following live birth, immunosuppression was abruptly withdrawn from six living-donor UTx recipients. ISW occurred at a median of 7.4 weeks before graft Hx. Post-ISW signs of rejection included: (1) discoloration of the cervix; (2) increased uterine size compared to day of ISW; (3) serological evidence of eosinophilia and progressive development of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) or child-specific antibodies (CSA); (4) histopathological evidence of TCMR in cervical biopsies preceding the development of antibodies in serum; and (5) C4d deposition in tissue before formation of DSA or CSA in all but two recipients. At graft Hx, endometrial glands were preferentially targeted for destruction over stroma while parametrial arteries displayed variable arteritis and fibrointimal hyperplasia. Recognition of the progression of uterine allograft rejection may be important for other human organ recipients and drive research on modulation of immunosuppression and the paradoxical relationship between adaptive cellular and humoral immunity in natural pregnancies. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02656550.

Mentor Management System

Abstract: This paper introduces the "Mentor Management System," an innovative Java-based Database Management System (DBMS) web application designed to enhance mentor-mentee interactions and administrative oversight in academic institutions. Addressing the growing demand for efficient mentorship collaborations, the system aims to streamline connections between mentors and mentees while optimizing the overall mentorship process for students, mentors, and administrative personnel. The Online Student Mentoring System offers a comprehensive platform facilitating seamless interactions among administrators, mentors, and students. Administrators manage and optimize system operations, ensuring efficiency across all levels. Equipped with specialized tools, mentors engage with students to understand their unique needs, providing personalized guidance that fosters both academic progress and personal development. Students benefit from a user-friendly interface, allowing effortless access to mentorship, query resolution, and tailored insights to enrich their educational experience

Genetic and epidemiological factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders

The aim of this study was to present the current knowledge on the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, devoting attention not only to neurophysiological and clinical aspects, but above all to the genetic and extra-genomic conditions underlying these diseases. The dynamic development of knowledge and technological progress in medical and related sciences is resulting in changes in the demographic structure of the human population (ageing populations). One of the consequences of these changes is an increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. They belong to a group of disorders whose common feature is a pathological process leading to the loss of nerve cells through apoptosis or necrosis. The aetiology of neurodegenerative diseases is multifactorial and, in addition to the involvement of genomic factors, extra-genomic mechanisms have been postulated to be involved in their aetiopathogenesis. The aetiology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases is still not fully understood. Therefore, intensive research has been ongoing for years, focusing, among other aspects, on the causes and course of such conditions. An important direction of research into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is assessment of their potential genetic aspect. Many studies also focus on non-genomic factors, highlighting that many of them can have a significant impact on the course of these diseases.

Research on Teaching Planning and Teacher Evaluation Integrating Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Concepts

Energy is an essential basis for human survival, social progress and economic development. With the rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of energy shortage is increasingly serious, and the problem of energy security is prominent. Based on stochastic power flow algorithm, this paper proposes the safety assessment and teaching planning of wind power generation in renewable energy. Firstly, the dynamic safety domain and thermal stability safety domain of wind power systems are proposed in this paper. Within the selected security domain, the key factors that are most likely to lead to the risk of a distribution network are selected by means of entropy-modified analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The incompleteness of the single weighting method is solved, and the total evaluation score of each layer of the index system is calculated from the subjective and objective perspectives to determine the weak link in the occurrence of accidents in the distribution network. The total score is less than 90 points, which is prone to failure risk. Finally, based on the safety index system, PLF is introduced into the uncertainty safety assessment of wind power systems to overcome the inefficiency of traditional uncertainty assessment methods. Methods PLF was used as a means of system state analysis to replace a lot of conventional power flow analysis in uncertain safety assessment, and related safety indexes were defined based on PLF results. The test system ST-PLF is taken as an example to verify the rationality of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively realize the static security assessment of the system and identify the potentially vulnerable elements of the system. The evaluation time of the proposed method is 0.73 s, while that of the traditional method is 48.54 s. The evaluation speed of the proposed method is greatly improved, and the time is only 1.55% of that of Monte Carlo method.

Impact of digital infrastructure construction on financial development: Evidence from the “broadband China” Strategy

The “Broadband China” has enabled China to achieve leapfrog development in the construction of its high-speed broadband networks, thereby accelerating the development of digital infrastructure and unleashing the potential for financial sector growth. This has created a strong impetus for economy to shift towards high-quality development. An in-depth understanding of the empirical correlation between the development of digital infrastructure and financial progress is absent, leaving an unexplored domain of research concerning the impact of the “Broad China” strategy on financial agglomeration (Finagg), financial scale (Finscal), and digital finance (Digfina). In order to evaluate the dynamic impacts of this policy on financial development, this research builds a multi-period difference in differences (DID) model using panel data from 269 prefecture-level cities between 2011 and 2020. The study concludes that the “Broadband China” policy significantly fosters the growth of Finagg, Finscal, and Digfina, in China, and found that the “Broadband China” policy has a significant impact on the regional heterogeneity of financial agglomeration and digital finance. There are significant variations in the effects of this policy on different regions, while the regional heterogeneity differences in the impact on financial scale are relatively small. Additionally, the three mediating variables of technological innovation, fund support, and talent agglomeration play a mediating role in the mechanism of digital infrastructure on financial development.

Frontier and hotspot evolution in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a bibliometric analysis from 1993 to 2023.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive disease associated with lipid metabolic disorders. Because of its clinical diversity and rarity, the diagnosis is often unclear. However, there is still a lack of reports on bibliometric analysis of CTX. The aim of this study was to assess the progress and research developments of CTX over the past three decades, identify emerging trends, and establish novel directions for future research. The eligible literature were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The annual publication, countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords and references were visually analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2019, CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.18 and online bibliometrics website (https://bibliometric.com/). A total of 561 publications from WoSCC were included in this study. The United States is the country with the largest number of publications, and Karolinska Institutet is the institution with the largest number of publications. Björkhem I. ranks as the most published and cited author in the last three decades. Journal of Lipid Research is the most widely published and cited journal. The strongest burst of keywords is "diagnosis." Unraveling the pathogenesis of CTX and improving its diagnosis and treatment continue to be critical challenges that require urgent attention. Future research endeavors will be centered on enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of early diagnosis and intervention.

Distress Relief and Social Reform in Malabar: The Role of A. V. Thakkar

There was a spate of social reform movements in Kerala in the early decades of the 20th century. These were initiated mainly by religious and spiritual leaders. A few communal organizations also arose during this period and sought to cure the ills from which their particular community was suffering. Besides religious zeal, they were motivated by progressive views. They fought against superstitious practices as well as caste based social discrimination. Despite all these eventualities, Malabar was rather insulated by these progressive developments. Following the rebellion of 1921, Malabar became a center of national attention, as the entire area was thoroughly devastated by the aftermath of the riot, socially, culturally, and economically, and paralyzed politically. Great personalities associated with several service organizations flocked to the area to conduct relief, reconstruction, and reform activities on a massive scale.

Knowing Me, Knowing You: Changes in Parental Representations Among Established Adults Going Through Progressive Identity Development

AbstractDeveloping and revising one’s identity is a lifelong task, one that influences and is influenced by close relationships in the individual’s social context. For emerging adults, different approaches to identity formation have been associated with different ways of relating to their parents; however, little is known about how identity development and views on one’s parents interact beyond the emerging adult years. In the present study, we addressed this gap by examining changes in how established adults describe and relate to internal representations of their parents as they develop from identity foreclosure to identity achievement, an identity status transition that is considered progressive and has been related to shifts in parental representations in younger samples. From a longitudinal study using the Identity Status Interview (Marcia et al., Ego identity: A handbook for psychosocial research, Springer, 1993), we selected participants coded as foreclosed at age 29 and identity achieved at age 33 (N = 18). A case study approach was used to analyze individual changes in parental representations, and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify themes across cases. The findings show that progressive identity development in established adulthood may involve making more reflective comparisons between oneself and one’s parents, describing one’s parents more as whole persons, and relating to parental influence with greater independence and agency. The results highlight the continued importance of parents for adult identity development, and that progressive identity development in established adulthood may involve increased complexity in representations of both oneself and one’s parents.

What are the key factors influencing scientific data sharing? A combined application of grounded theory and fuzzy-DEMATEL approach

Scientific data sharing (SDS) has become essential for scientific progress, technological innovation and socioeconomic development. Identifying the key influencing factors of SDS can effectively promote SDS programmes and give full play to the critical role of scientific data. This study used grounded theory and information ecology theory to construct an SDS influencing factor model that encompassed five dimensions and 28 influencing factors and followed the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (fuzzy-DEMATEL) approach to measure and analyse the degree of influence of each influencing factor and identify the key factors. The results show that (1) there are interactions and mutual interactions between the various influencing factors of SDS, which can form a complex network system. (2) 16 influencing factors, such as data-sharing policies, data-sharing regulations and data-sharing standards, comprise the key influencing factors in SDS. (3) The optimisation path of SDS is ‘Scientific Researchers’ → ‘Scientific Data’ → ‘Policy Environment’ → ‘Research Organisations → ‘Information Technologies’. In this regard, we proposed the following management suggestions to promote the development of SDS programmes in China: focusing on researchers' subjective willingness to share, enhancing the integrated governance of scientific data, fulfilling the role of policy support and guidance, strengthening the support of research organisations and improving SDS platforms with information technology.

Machine Learning Approach for Early Diagnosis of Dyslexia Among Primary School Children: A Scoping Review and Model Development

Dyslexia, a prevalent learning disorder among primary school children, often goes undetected until later stages, hindering academic progress and socio-emotional development. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective intervention. Machine Learning (ML) offers promise in developing accurate diagnostic tools. However, there's a scarcity of comprehensive reviews focusing on ML approaches for dyslexia diagnosis in this demographic. In this scoping review, we consolidate existing literature and present the development of a novel ML model that was customized for early dyslexia diagnosis. Utilizing Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest. The comparative analysis of ML methods for dyslexia detection in elementary school children reveals distinct strengths. Decision Tree shows robust precision: 92.31% for dyslexia-prone, 90.62% for diagnosed dyslexia, and 86.67% for no dyslexia detected, with corresponding high recall values of 90.57%, 87.88%, and 100%, respectively. KNN excels with an overall accuracy of 94.00% and perfect precision for undetected dyslexia (100%), with high precision and recall for dyslexia-prone and diagnosed dyslexia. Logistic Regression highlights significant predictors and achieves precision of 95.38% for dyslexia-prone and 88.24% for diagnosed dyslexia, with recall rates of 93.34% and 90.91%, respectively. Naive Bayes exhibits outstanding precision for no dyslexia and dyslexia-prone categories (100%), with slightly lower precision for diagnosed dyslexia (82.5%), but perfect recall for undetected and diagnosed dyslexia. Random Forest demonstrates balanced performance with precision ranging from 91.18% to 94.23% and recall from 92.31% to 93.94%, achieving an overall accuracy of 93.00%. These results underscore ML's potential in enabling early dyslexia detection, facilitating timely interventions to improve outcomes for affected children and advancing dyslexia diagnosis.