Development Of Oncological Diseases Research Articles

Вариабельность биохимических показателей крови и установление референтных интервалов в доклинических исследованиях. Сообщение 10: монгольские песчанки

Gerbils as a type of laboratory animals are widely used as experimental models in a number of areas of biomedical research. This type of laboratory animals is relatively easy to maintain and handle. They are an alternative test system among rodents such as mice and rats. They are most often used in the study of cerebral ischemia or stroke, behavioral research, aging processes, the development of oncological diseases, as well as the study of para­sitic, viral and bacterial infections, studies of the mechanisms and therapy of epileptic seizures and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to create a database of reference intervals of biochemical parameters of normal healthy mature Mongolian gerbils with further use in daily routine laboratory practice in preclinical centers. The data that were used to form the reference intervals were obtained from intact animals in “Home оf Pharmacy”. All manipulations and experiments were approved by the bioethical commission. The study involved 20 males and 20 females (non-pregnant excluding the estrous cycle phase) of Mongolian gerbils. The age of the animals corresponded to the range of 6–8 weeks, the body weight of males and females was within 60 g. The levels of the following parameters were determined in the blood serum of animals: creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, total bilirubin, the number of globulins was calculated, as well as the ratio of albumin/globulins. The obtained ranges of males and females had no statistical difference between them. These intervals were analyzed for comparison with other reference intervals of gerbils found in the scientific literature, as well as with ranges of similar indicators characteristic of humans. Norms of biochemical parameters of blood serum of gerbils are an important tool necessary for monitoring animal health during biomedical research, monitoring the dynamics of modeling pathological conditions in animals and studying the safety of new pharmacological agents. An important aspect in preclinical research is the creation of any reference intervals of laboratory animals in each scientific center separately. This is due to a large number of pre-analytical, analytical and post-­analytical features, as well as minimizing the risk of misinterpretation of the data obtained during biomedical research.

Clinical, immunological and genetic research on the participants in mitigating the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident

Introduction. The paper presents the results of research on the influence of IR sources on the health of professionally and accidentally exposed personnel. Particular emphasis is placed on: identifying the relationships between the level of radiation dose and the development of oncological diseases; use of contemporary biological dosimetry methods for retrospective analysis of irradiation doses; the impact of parental irradiation on the health of the offspring; the structure of morbidity, including oncological diseases in patients exposed to IR sources.
 Material and methods. The study material was used by subjects professionally and accidentally exposed to IR sources: medical staff and PMCCNA born in the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine and the Russian Federation, as well as their descendants, victims of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (Japan) and residents of the region. Chelyabinsk. Clinical, immunological and cytogenetic methods were used.
 Results. A wide range of mental pathologies was observed at PMCCNA, at the victims of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, etc. The structure of immune deficiency syndromes was dominated by allergic and autoimmune syndromes. Based on the analysis of stable chromosomal aberrations, exposure doses were established.
 Conclusions. In the absence of dose information received by staff professionally/accidentally exposed to IR sources, assessment of stable chromosomal aberrations makes it possible to reconstruct the radiation dose for PMCCNA exposed to low doses of IR.

Development of oncological diseases after organ transplantation

With the increase in the population of patients with transplanted organs, the risk of developing oncological diseases has become proportionally high, which may be the cause of poor quality of life, and also of a high mortality among the patients with transplanted organs. The review examines the risk factors, incidence, and the impact of malignant neoplasms on the survival in patients with transplanted organs. The rapid development of clinical transplantology, the use of new drugs and immunosuppression regimens poses new challenges for oncologists and transplantologists. The analysis of oncopathology incidence in patients with transplanted organs allows us to conclude about its impact on the long-term life prognosis and the need to include preventive measures in transplantation practice.

PARASITIC ABSCESS AS AN INCIDENTAL HISTOLOGICAL FINDING IN THE TREATMENT OF SIGMOID COLON CANCER

Background: A high worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer defines the importance of search not only for effective treatment methods, but also for risk factors for the cancer development and its worst prognosis. The influence of many genetic factors, environmental characteristics and lifestyle features has already been proven, and recently the attention of researchers is being focused on the study of microbiota and, in particular, various parasitic intestinal diseases in the context of risk factors for colorectal cancer.Clinical case presentation: we demonstrate an incidental finding of parasitic invasion signs during the pathomorphological examination of the surgical specimen in a patient without an epidemiological history.Conclusion: Further studies are needed not only to confirm and substantiate the role of micro- and macroorganisms inhabiting the intestine in the development of oncological diseases, but also to identify individual links of pathogenesis, pathological pathways and signaling molecules involved in carcinogenesis. Research like this could help broaden knowledge about both the risk factors and predictors of colorectal cancer and the potential sites for targeted therapy.

Role of modified cardiovascular risk factors in development of oncologic diseases

Cardiovascular (CVD) and oncological diseases (OD) are the main causes of death worldwide and account for a heavy burden on economy, disability and mortality in many countries. Clear understanding of the mechanisms shared by CVD and cancer is important for increasing the life span and quality of life in cancer survivors as well as for preventing comorbidities and correct instructing the patients about risk factors and lifestyle modifications. Both groups of diseases share risk factors, including smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, etc. Along with these factors, inflammation may play a key role as it promotes both types of diseases and accompanies obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Better understanding of the interaction between CVD and cancer will allow creating common effective diagnostic and preventive strategies and safe approaches to the treatment.

The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of pesticides and hazards for human health: A systematic review

The article presents concise review of data obtained during last years at studying mutagenic and carcinogenic activity of pesticides in test-systems in vitro and in vivo Also, are covered the results of epidemiological surveys carried out in Russia and abroad related to discovery of association of effect of pesticides and development of oncological diseases in workers involved into agricultural manufacturing and in population of rural regions. The publications search was implemented using databases of Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, RINTC. The issues are discussed concerning evaluation of mutagenic characteristics of effecting substances and preparative forms ofpesticides, application of short-term tests for evaluating carcinogenicity, possible synergy effects in case of combination of two and more effecting substances of various pesticide preparations.

The concentration of insuline-like growth factor in colostrum, milk and plasma of cows

Recently, a significant amount of data has been reported indicating on the link between consumption of dairy products and development of oncological diseases. This could be explained by the presence in milk of various hormones, particularly insulin-like growth factor (IGF). This hormone is a mediator between somatotropin and tissues. In response to the increase of the blood level of growth hormone, hepatocytes begin actively synthesize the IGF, which accelerates the rate of the metabolism, including those of onco-cells. The majority of studies relate to humane medicine, and data on the dependence of IGF milk levels on breed, period of lactation, diet, physiological, and clinical status of an animal are lacking. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study was to analyze the concentration of insulin-like factor in colostrum, milk of cows and blood plasma at various stages of lactation. Study was performed on cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in their from second to fifth lactation with milk yield 5100–5700 kg per previous lactation. Concentration of IGF was detected in colostrum, milk and plasma of cows, using enzyme immunoassay. Obtained material gives evidence that the highest IGF level is present in colostrum. After that hormone concentration decreases up to 10–14 day of lactation. High level of IGF in colostrum might be associated with necessity to stimulate metabolism of calves in early postnatal period of ontogenesis. Immediately after calving plasma level of IGF decreases. The highest level was observed on 10–14th days of lactation. Taking into consideration physiological function of the given hormone, there is no univocal explanation of the decrease of its plasma level in cows at the beginning of lactation. This could be associated with energy deficit, physiological condition of animals or with developing of lactation dominant and levels of other hormones. Potential of further research lies in investigation of the dependence of the IGF level in the secretion of the mammary gland on productivity, breed, age and diet of animals.

Human Bacterial Microflora Composition: Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects Associated with Its Changes in Various Organs

The bacterial microflora that inhabits our body makes up the most complex microbial community called microbiota. The microbiota, which is evolutionarily fixed in the human body, has a significant effect on the maintenance of human health and functions. The study of the genotoxic potential of microflora, closely related to bacterial oncogenesis, remains incomplete. When the imbalance of healthy microflora is violated under the influence of various factors, including mutagens and environmental carcinogens, the composition of the microbiota is transformed into an aggressive form. It has been suggested that such changes lead to functional metabolism shifts in bacterial communities, which leads to a progression of malignant growth in these parts of the host organism. Bacteria are able to influence pathogenic processes occurring during the course of the disease, producing effectors of DNA damage in the cells of the host organism or modifying the body’s ability to metabolize mutagens and carcinogens. We present in this work evidence and hypotheses about the ability of pathogenic and commensal bacteria with genotoxic potential to lead to the development of oncological diseases. This paper examines individual organs (intestines, stomach, respiratory tract, gallbladder and mammary gland), whose carcinogenesis is influenced by bacteria that can damage the DNA of the host cells.

Menopausal hormone therapy and cancer risks of reproductive system. Literature review

Data on risks of development of oncological diseases of bodies of reproductive system in women during menopausal transition and in a postmenopause are submitted at treatment of menopausal frustration by the preparations intended for menopausal hormonal therapy, the containing various doses of estrogen and progestogen used in the cyclic or continuous mode.

Внутриутробное программирование здоровья женщины как детерминанта репродуктивного потенциала популяции

The relationship between the body weight of women at birth and the development in the future of gynecological diseases or deviations in the development of the reproductive system, development of oncological diseases and the timing of menopause have been analyzed. The results of clinical studies conducted at different times in different countries of the world, which cover the topic of this article, are presented. An overview of the world literature presented in the article, substantiates the relevance of conducting relevant research in the Ukrainian population. Key words: low birth weight, large-for-gestational-age fetus, gynecology disease.

ASSOCIATION OF THE FOLATE METABOLISM GENES WITH THE RISK FOR LUNG, PROSTATE, BREAST AND UTERINE CANCER

We examined 324 patients with various oncological diseases (157 patients with prostate cancer, 54 - with lung cancer, 47 - with uterine cancer, 42 - with cervical cancer and 24 patients - with breast cancer) and 391 relatively healthy donors. We investigated the frequency of key polymorphisms of folate metabolism genes (MTHFR: 677 C>T (Ala222Val); MTHFR: 1298 A>C (Glu429Ala); MTR: 2756 A>G (Asp919Glu); MTRR: 66 A>G (Ile22Met)). Analysis revealed no differences in the frequency of all examined gene polymorphisms and alleles between patients with oncological diseases and relatively healthy donors. All investigated genotypes and alleles of key folate cycle genes were not associated with the risk for the development of oncological diseases.

The results of interconnection of the evidence of professional exposure to genotoxic factors (regex) and cancer registry in the Czech Republic.

The aim of this study is to analyze the genotoxic risks in the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic and assess the significance of genotoxic factors in the etiology of cancer by bringing together the Registry of Occupational Exposure to Genotoxic Factors and the Cancer Registry and compare the rate of detected cancer in persons exposed to genotoxic factors via their work in the Moravian-Silesian Region with the occurrence of cancer in the population of the Czech Republic. The results show: (a) For the monitored group (748 person) for the period 1996-2008, according to gender, was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of oncological diseases compared to the population of the Czech Republic. (b) But statistically significant difference was found in the cases of oncological diseases in groups according to % AB.C. using the Cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral lymphocytes (CAPL). The highest incidence was in the group with a higher incidence of % AB.C. High values of % AB.C. may predict the development of oncological diseases.

Epstein-Barr virus - molecular basis for malignant transformation

Epstein-Barr (EBV) is a widespread virus which can be detected in more than 90% of world population. Primary EBV infection during adolescence and adultness results in infectious mononucleosis, while in children it is usually asymptomatic. EBV is responsible for different malignant forms of B-cell or epithelial cancers, such as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hairy leukoplakia and HIV-associated lymphomas. Evidence exists that infection with EBV is also linked with a higher risk of hepatocellular and gastric cancers, as well as autoimmune diseases. EВV shows two alternative life cycles – latent and lytic. After the primary infection, the virus remains in B lymphocytes in latency, while the lytic infection takes place predominantly in the epithelial cells and can last for months with constant virus release in saliva and nasopharyngeal secretion. Unlike other herpes viruses, development of oncological diseases is linked with the latent cycle, as a result of immune response‘s failure to control latently infected cells. With the present work we try to concisely review the current knowledge about mechanisms of EBV pathogenesis in humans and to summarize recent findings in the field.

MITOGENIC ACTIVITY AND REGENERATION

After 40 years at people decrease in a pool of pluripotent stem cells and increase of risk of development of oncological diseases is observed.To 11 patients aged from 52 till 76 years with a cancer of a kidney, bladder, prostatic gland III-IV stages of disease the chemotherapy or target therapy was carried out. To 4 patients of 60-82 years for restoration of regeneration it was carried out from 4 to 7 transfusions of mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood from young donors of 18-23 years, same-gender and blood types with recipients.In 1 month after carrying out chemotherapy or target therapy after development of a leukopenia in 11 patients the level of the bFGF increased on average by 1,74 times. At 4 patients from them the increase in level of the human VEGF-A on average by 1,25 times was observed, the 3rd of them had an increase in the human EGF on average by 1,13 times. In 3-6 months after the last transfusion of mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood the maintenance of hemopoietic cells predecessors of Cd34+ in peripheral blood increased on average by 3,25 times. At 4 patients the level of the bFGF decreased on average by 1,78 times, at 2 patients from them reduction of level of the human VEGF-A on average by 1,48 times was observed, the 3rd of them had a reduction an human EGF on average by 4,12 times. At all 4 patients in a buccal epithelium to decrease in an expression of p53 on average by 6,02 times, at the 3rd of them to decrease in an expression of Bcl-2 on average by 60,0 times.Violation of updating of tissues is the main reason for development of carcinogenesis in people is more senior than 40 years. The excess stimulation of mitotic activity at them can be reduced to normal level by means of restoration of number of a pool of pluripotent stem cells at transfusion of mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood from young donors of 18-23 years of identical with the recipient by blood types and a sex (The patent of the Russian Federation № 2350340).