Development Of Integration Processes Research Articles

The impact of the brics countries on the global economy: retrospective analysis and prospects for expansion

The article analyzes the stages of formation of the BRICS bloc. The change in the absolute and relative economic weight of the BRICS economies over the past decade in the structure of the world economy is determined. The analysis of the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators of the BRICS countries allowed to conclude that economic growth in the BRICS countries is uneven. The dynamics of the macroeconomic indicators of the BRICS countries demonstrates a high frequency of fluctuations, which is typical for an unstable economic environment, in particular, the largest amplitude of fluctuations in the inflation rate among the BRICS countries in the Russian Federation confirms the thesis that this economy is vulnerable to internal and external risks. The war in Ukraine is having a disruptive effect on commodity markets in the short and potentially long term; tighter financial conditions may cause debt difficulties for some members of the group. The article examines the chronology of the expansion of cooperation within the BRICS bloc in terms of the results of summits and meetings of the BRICS trade ministers. Trends in the formation of the external political environment for assessing the impact of the BRICS countries on the global economy are identified. In order to determine the integral assessment of the level of convergence of the BRICS countries in the current composition and to compare the macroeconomic indicators of the BRICS countries with the indicators of countries that may be potential candidates for inclusion in the BRICS (Argentina, Egypt, Iran, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia), the following indicators were selected: GDP growth rate; GDP deflator; GDP per capita (real); value added as a percentage of GDP. The selected indicators were averaged over the period 2017-2022. In order to compare the selected countries, the taxonomy method was used, which is a grouping, systematization and classification of units. The analysis has led to the conclusion that convergence has not been achieved both between the countries that have been members of the BRICS bloc for almost 17 years and between the BRICS countries and the countries that are candidates for joining the bloc, i.e., there is no economic basis for further development of multilateral integration processes between these countries, which proves the purely political nature of this initiative.

(Invited) Al-Al Waferbonding Process Development for Heterogeneous Integration

3D heterogeneous integration provides the possibility to combine dissimilar semiconductor technologies and add new components to obtain a higher performance and increase the functionality. Aligned Wafer level bonding, where the chips are vertically interconnected is known as one of the key technologies needed for 3D integration. Here, Aluminum to aluminum bonding is very attractive due to its easy compatibility to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Furthermore Al-Al bonding provides not only the mechanical attachment between different wafers but also enables a good electrical and thermal conductivity. One of the main challenges for Al-Al thermocompression bonding is the formation of aluminum oxide which inhibits uniform and reliable Al-Al bonding at low temperatures with minimum bond forces. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a surface activated bonding process carried out in an EVG® ComBond® 200 mm automated high vacuum wafer bonding system. Here, the surface oxide is first removed with an argon plasma treatment. Without breaking vacuum to avoid a reoxidation, the wafers are optically aligned to each other and then bonded by applying force and temperature.This paper shows an integration concept for patterned 200 mm Al-Al bonded wafers and focusses on different factors influencing the quality of the Al-Al bonding. The bond quality is evaluated with various characterization methods. For electrical characterization single contacts with sizes down to 10 µm x 10 µm are analyzed. To characterize the bond interface C-mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C-SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used. To calculate the bond strength, shear force measurements are carried out. The alignment accuracy is evaluated with an infrared microscope measuring the overlay of specific alignment marks at different dice across the wafer.A great factor influencing the bonding quality are the process parameters during the actual bonding process. Here, we vary the duration of the argon plasma activation from 1.5 to 5 min. Additionally, the impact of the bonding temperature in the range of 200 to 300 °C and the influence of the bonding force between 20 and 60 kN is investigated. Furthermore the bonding time is varied from 15 to 60 min. The best results with contact resistances in the mΩ-Range and a bonding yield >95% are achieved for wafers bonded for 1 h at 300 °C with 60 kN and an activation time of 5 min.Besides the bonding parameters, also the wafer fabrication prior to the bonding process has a significant influence on the Al-Al bond quality. In this context, the local and global topography of the wafers play an important role. An improved wafer flatness increases the contact area during bonding and can thus contribute to a better bonding result. In order to reduce the surface roughness of the Al bonding pads, we vary the parameters for the aluminum deposition and analyze the impact of different adhesion/barrier layers below the aluminum bonding film. The paper shows that also the tungsten plugs under the Al bonding pads affect their topography and thus the bond quality. In addition, we modify an etch-mask influencing the condition of the Al bonding pads and directly correlate it to the bonding yield and electrical resistance. Moreover, the impact of the wafer bow on the bond strength is studied.Even the processes that follow the Al-Al bonding can still negatively affect the final result. After bonding a backside grinding process is used, which causes silicon dust on the wafer surface and requires an additional cleaning step. This study shows the effect of an ultrasonic clean on the measured bond strength.In summary we present a surface activated, low temperature Al-Al bonding process of patterned 200 mm wafers with a high bonding yield, low contact resistances and an alignment accuracy close to 1 µm. Our work presents an integration concept for Al-Al bonded wafers and highlights different factors that influence the bonding result.

Europe in the crisis world: pressing issues, unobvious solutions

The article analyses the main trends in the development of modern Europe in the context of the world crisis and the profound transformation of international relations based on the collective monograph “Europe in a Crisis World” edited by Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Al.A. Gromyko. A wide range of problems is considered, including Europe's place in the emerging new balance of power in the world and the strengthening of decentralisation and regional integration processes, the strengths and weaknesses of the European strategy to counter the coronavirus pandemic, the new configuration that has emerged in Europe due to Britain's withdrawal from the EU and the development of integration processes in the post-Soviet space. A particular emphasis is given to the complexity and contradictory processes in Europe's economic and social spheres, calling into question the likelihood of deepening integration within the EU. The problems of European security and the prospects of relations between Russia and the West, including European associations and states, are considered separately.

Trade and economic relations between the EAEU member states and the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean at the present stage: the cases of Armenia and Kazakhstan

In the context of a changing world order, the development of regional integration processes is an important trigger for the inclusion of countries in the world economy and increasing the sustainability of national economies. Integration processes contribute to deepening of the interdependence of different countries, as well as to the expansion of the influence of world economic relations on national economic systems. At the same time, tendency towards the erosion of institutions and mechanisms of multilateral (global) trade and the formation of preferential regional and interregional trade agreements (partners in which are often not only individual countries, but also integration blocs), has become one of the characteristic features of modern international economic relations. The Eurasian Economic Union, as an international organization for regional economic integration, makes efforts to expand geographical boundaries of foreign economic ties, with the aim of developing relations with the economic integration groupings and individual countries throughout the world. With the same purpose EAEU member states pay attention to the development of relations with the region of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), considering regional countries as promising partners for mutually beneficial cooperation. This article is devoted to the study of trade relations between the countries of the EAEU and Latin America. Special attention is paid to the trade and economic relations of Armenia and Kazakhstan with Latin American countries. The choice of these two states is not accidental, since they are relatively active in the Latin American direction and complement the policy of the Russian Federation aimed at deepening cooperation with the LAC. The author concludes that these countries have the potential for further development of trade and economic relations, the implementation of which requires overcoming, first of all, logistical obstacles and tariff barriers.

Information modeling technologies in Russia

The article discusses factors that may influence the process of digitalization of domestic industry and the introduction of information modeling. Particular attention is paid to the issue of staffing in industries that use information modeling technologies to create and maintain an information model. Existing risks are considered, and possible methods for reducing them are proposed. Based on the results of the study, scientific and practical recommendations were developed for the development of integration processes and the use of information modeling technologies in the domestic design and construction industry.

Establishing scientific educational space within the university: factors contributing to successful Eurasian integration

Introduction. The problem of the article is to focus on a range of aspects in the field of integration of science and higher education, which play an important role in the process of establishing the Eurasian scientific and educational space. The purpose of the article is to identify factors contributing to successful Eurasian integration in the process of establishing scientific educational space within the university. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of general scientific (philosophical) methods and a systematic approach. The subject of the study required the use of a combination of different approaches, primarily systemic, which allowed to conduct the correct analysis of applying historically established and modern educational technologies and practices in Eurasian education, as well as to describe some aspects of the effective integration of science and education in the Eurasian space. The object of the study is the experience of the University under the IPA EurAsEC on developing a system of scientific, organizational, research, publishing and educational activities in the Eurasian space. The authors used the following research methods: comparative, historical, interdisciplinary, content analysis method, etc. Results. The article considers the experience of using methods of ethno pedagogy in preparing innovative staff for the Eurasian space as a means of developing scientific and educational cooperation, expanding Eurasian integration, and giving it a humanitarian dimension. The authors substantiate the idea that strengthening and expanding the capabilities and needs of a unified Eurasian scientific and educational space should be considered as conditions for achieving effective cooperation in the field of science and education, allowing to restore professional communication of researchers from different Eurasian countries, update the content of higher education and contribute to bringing new scientific knowledge to the scientific community. The authors emphasize that a significant contribution to the development of the Eurasian integration process is made by the University under the IPA EurAsEC, which initiated a number of international projects contributing to the inclusion of new scientific knowledge and methods in the educational process within the framework of Eurasian economic integration. Conclusions. The article concludes about the values of higher education and about a need for integrating science and education as a basis for further development of Eurasian integration process. The authors draw the conclusion that today integration must be based on the historical experience of cooperation between Eurasian states in the field of science and education. Such interaction is considered to be the basis for further successful integration.

Environmental approach to ensuring the security of modern enterprises

The development of integration processes and globalization requires an increase in enterprises' level of security. It becomes a necessary condition for their functioning. Issues related to the environmental and economic security of enterprises become relevant in modern conditions of rapid development of production and foreign economic relations and require further research not only at the level of the country but also at the level of regions and enterprises. Therefore, for enterprises, an essential point in their work is ensuring environmental safety without negatively impacting economic safety. Ensuring the enterprise's economic security is always important because it determines its ability to be stable on the market and flexible. Suppose the enterprise needs to pay attention to measures to counter environmental threats. In that case, it may lead to significant financial losses and even stop work. It is emphasized that the ecological component of the enterprise's economic security must guarantee the society's safety from business entities carrying out industrial and commercial activities. For this purpose, the manufacturer must carefully comply with the national norms of the minimum permissible content of harmful substances entering the environment and the ecological parameters of the manufactured products. It has been proven that enterprises' effective use of natural resources will contribute to producing quality products, increase competitiveness, and, most importantly, be environmentally safe for people's health. It is noted that an essential problem in ensuring control over the management system of the ecological component of safety is the reliability of the reported data of the enterprises' users of natural resources. It emphasized the need to introduce stricter requirements for environmental reporting by enterprises, which should lead to strict compliance with the norms and requirements of legislation in the field of ecology and, therefore, increase the environmental and economic security of the enterprise. Enterprise management is built on a balanced solution to environmental and economic problems, finding the optimal relationship between ensuring environmental safety and the expediency of enterprise activity. Keywords: ecological component, enterprise, safety, environmental economy, resources.

(Invited) Al-Al Waferbonding Process Development for Heterogeneous Integration

This paper presents a surface-activated Al-Al wafer bonding process for patterned 200 mm wafers that removes the native oxide in an argon plasma and enables high bond quality with accurate alignment at temperatures below 300 °C. The study focuses on various factors that influence the final Al-Al bond in terms of contact resistance and shear strength. In addition to temperature, force and time during the actual bonding process, these include steps during the wafer fabrication that affect the Al bonding pads and the wafer bow. Furthermore, the impact of a post-bond cleaning process on the final bond result is analyzed. This work shows a low temperature Al-Al bonding process with high yield >90%, excellent bond strength >150 MPa and contact resistances in the mΩ range.

The role of corporate management in the development of regional integration processes

The article reveals the essence of corporate governance and corporate management and their role in the development of integration processes at the regional level. The necessity of professional management of companies to achieve the effectiveness of the results of their activities is substantiated. Models such as the model of the organizational structure of the subject of the regional economy, the structural model of corporate governance, the model of interaction between the subjects of integration formation, the model of operational management of the intersectoral complex have been developed and proposed. The radar diagrams proposed in the article are designed to provide an effective assessment of business activity indicators and investment attractiveness of integration subjects.

Managing the Development of Integration Processes in the Innovation Environment of the Region

Relevance. Integration processes form the modern image of the innovative model of the economy through the successful functioning and competent interrelation of the structural elements of the innovation system at the national and regional levels. The control levers of such systems should be effective, and therefore sufficiently diverse and flexible, so as not to limit the system, but to ensure the processes of its functioning and development in the conditions of the singularity of the external environment. A new approach to the study of the problems of innovative development of the region can be offered by the theory of systems with an emphasis on a new understanding of complex self-organizing structures, as well as the concept of open innovation, which allows participants in the innovation process to establish partnerships based on knowledge exchange.The purpose of the study is to find a model solution to the problem of managing the development of integration processes in the innovation environment of the region.The objectives of the study can be formulated as follows: identification of problems of innovative development of the territory; study of theoretical constructions of the development of integration processes in the innovation environment of the region; theoretical justification and development of a model solution for the formation of interaction of stakeholders of the innovation process based on the model of the «Quadruple Innovation Helix».Methodology. The research methodology consists of general scientific methods of cognition, statistical methods, as well as principles and methods of a systematic approach.Results. One of the important problems of the innovative development of the territory is the low level of integration processes that ensure the interaction of regional stakeholders. A model solution to the problem of managing the development of integration processes based on the principles of managing a region as a complex dynamic system and an open innovation model is proposed. This model reveals the problem of balancing the innovative development of the region from the perspective of taking into account the interests of participants in the innovation process.Conclusions. The use of the proposed model allows a comprehensive and systematic approach to the study of the possibilities of effective interaction of participants in the innovation process in the region with the observance of the conditions of balance and synergy as a result for the evaluation of the integration process.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLUSTER PARTNERSHIP AS A NEW FORM OF QUASI-INTEGRATIVE PROCESS

The purpose of the article. The main goal of this work is to investigate the specifics of the development of cluster partnership as a form of quasi-integration process.
 Methods of research. The article uses general scientific research methods, in particular, empirical methods: methods of historical, logical and comparative analysis – to reveal the evolutionary foundations of cluster partnership development as a new form of quasi-integration process.
 Presentation of the main research material. The latest global technological trends are characterized by the intensification of the fifth industrial revolution and the transition of the world economy to the sixth technological system and the knowledge economy. While the industrial economy defines vertical integration, the knowledge economy encourages the formation of inter-organizational relationships and business arrangements built in networks. In this context, the development of national ecosystems and second-level clusters is observed, as well as the spread of partnership interaction between cluster structures on a global scale, which proves the timeliness and relevance of this research. The article analyzes the main stages of integration processes in terms of the formation of technological structures. It was established that the sixth stage of the development of integration processes coincides with the formation of the VI technological system and the evolution of the category of quasi-integration, which is a predictor of the development of cluster partnership. The development of the concept of quasi-integration among Ukrainian and foreign scientists is studied. Therefore, based on the research data, the article proposes to supplement the given classification of forms of quasi-integration with such a form as cluster partnership. In this research, the barriers of integration and quasi-integration are considered and their features are highlighted in relation to the forms of integration and quasi-interactional structures.
 Conclusions from the conducted research. In the course of the research, researching the forms of the quasi-integration process, it was proved that the cluster partnership contains features of both an integrated structure and a quasi-integrated structure. Taking into account the criteria specified in the study, we can state that the barriers to integration in corporate structures are quite high, in contrast to the quasi-integrated structure – cluster partnership.
 Keywords: integration; integration processes; integrated business structures; quasi-integrated business structures; business entities; network economy.

Роль религии в консолидации мусульманских сообществ в странах ЕС: проблемы и перспективы

Population migration is a complex social process by its nature and diverse in forms and consequences. Migration in its essence is a multidimensional phenome- non, including demographic, ethno-religious, political, economic and other compo- nents. Ethno-religious migration processes are primarily ethnosocial and confessional factors leading to transformation in the territorial and social situation of individual representatives and groups of certain ethnic groups and confessions, which occur un- der the influence of socio-political and other factors. The experience of interethnic relations over the years clearly shows that misunderstandings and conflicts arise more often and manifest themselves more acutely in the multicultural world and polyethnic communities.The article examines the causes and consequences of the migration of Muslims to Europe, the prospects of increasing the number of Muslim population in the countries of the European Union. At the same time, the article pays special atten- tion to the reasons for the weak integration of Muslims, as well as the role of traditional values and religion in the consolidation of migrants and opposition to liberal European values. At the same time, the article reveals the reasons for the radicalization of Mus- lims in Europe and outlines the prospects for the development of integration processes in European Muslim communities. The author makes an attempt to show the role of religion in the process of preserving their identity by Muslims and in consolidation to solve social, economic and other problems.

The Role of Customs Control in Ensuring Economic Security in the Conditions of European Integration Trends in the Development of Public Administration Systems

"The article considers the theoretical foundations of public administration in the field of customs regulation and control in the context of the EU integration processes and the formation of the Customs Union. A study was made of the process of reforming the EU customs legislation in the context of the dynamic development of integration processes, and the role of customs control in ensuring economic security as a component of national security was analyzed, in particular, pointing to the example of Brexit implications."

Євроінтеграція: виклики для зовнішньої торгівлі

The practical significance of this study lies in highlighting the challenges accompanying the process of implementing the principles of the European integ­ration process for Ukrainian trade and the possibi­lities of economic responses to them. The aim of the study is to identify risks and threats to Ukraine’s trade caused by the development of the European integration process. To achieve the goal, the methods of theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis were used. According to the results of research by leading scholars, the main challenges accompanying the process of EU integration with Ukraine in the field of trade have been determined. The risks and threats caused by the process of European integration for Ukraine are classified into the following groups: political, financial, the use of labour force, commodity, competitiveness, technological, environmental, and social. It was noted that in order to overcome the mentioned risks and threats, Ukraine needs to significantly diver­sify its efforts. The set of measures related to the implementation of the European integration process includes: continuation of the announced reforms, expansion and diversification of markets for Ukrainian products, protection and support of Ukrainian producers. In this situation, measures to overcome economic crime and proposals for changes to the Agreement that will maximally take into account the interests of Ukraine are also important.

Supranationality as an important characteristic of European Union law

Introduction. This paper examines the problem of formation and activity of the supranational authority of international organizations. It is noted that the need for such a study is due to the strengthening of European integration and the desire of the European Union (EU) leadership to unite member states to ensure stability in the European region. In such conditions, member states have a desire to preserve their sovereign identity and make maximum use of global mechanisms to achieve their goals and further development, without transferring authority to the supranational level. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of supranationality as an important characteristic of the legal nature of the EU, the determination of its main features through the analysis of the functioning of the institutional system of unification, the division of competences between the EU and the member states, and the disclosure of the principles on which the EU legal system is built. Results. The paper is devoted to supranationality as an important characteristic of the law of the European Union. It emphasizes the uniqueness of EU law, the norms of which regulate social relations related to the development of integration processes within the EU. The importance of the issue of supranationality of EU law and the need for its further research have been proven. Various views on the concept of supranationality are described and its consideration through the prism of features is proposed. The implementation of supranational characteristics of EU law through the activities of EU institutions is pointed out. Attention is focused on the principle of the rule of law and its role in ensuring unity and stability in the EU legal system, the reliability of legal decisions made. In addition, it is proposed to consider supranationality through the division of competences into three types: exclusive, joint and auxiliary. The authors determined where exactly nationality is manifested the most. It has been proven that the direct effect of norms plays an important role in ensuring nationality. It is noted that this principle establishes the most beneficial interaction of the national law of the member states with supranational law for the achievement of EU goals. Conclusion. The paper states that the delegation of powers to supranational bodies of the Union does not threaten the state sovereignty of the participating countries, and the elements of supranationality are aimed at achieving the goals of the EU. The decision to increase or decrease the degree of supranationality is decided only by the member states themselves, depending on whether further development of European integration is necessary. Therefore, supranationality in the EU has a contractual basis and can be considered as one of the ways of cooperation of sovereign states in the integration process.

Assessment of Impact of Trade and Economic Cooperation of Kazakhstan with Russia, EAEU Countries and Third Countries on Development of Integration Processes of EAEU

The countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will strengthen cooperation despite external pressure. This is also confirmed by the issues discussed at the meeting of the Intergovernmental Council of the EAEU held in February 2022 in Nur-Sultan, where it was determined that the countries included in the Council will develop a common market for the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor. All the EAEU member states continue to make necessary decisions for the development of trade, economic and humanitarian relations, improving the quality of life and wellbeing of citizens of their citizens. The article contains the results of scientific and applied research carried out using the methods of logical, systematic, comparative, economic and statistical analysis. The most important directions of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan, the economies of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and third countries are revealed, which have a significant impact on the development of integration processes of the EAEU, and to identify promising areas of cooperation in key sectors of the two largest economies. The dynamics of the openness of the economy of Kazakhstan over the past 20 years is considered. The contribution of Eurasian integration to the economic growth of Russia and Kazakhstan is assessed. The authors suggest possible promising areas of cooperation in key industries that contribute to strengthening economic relations between Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan.

INTEGRATIVE APPROACH IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN HIGHER EDUCATION

The article substantiates the integrative approach as a trend in the development of European higher education. The educational process in institutions of higher education is the environment for the formation and development of a successful person capable of constructing a personal identity. The complex, multifaceted nature of the influence of integration in the field of international education on the entire course of modern social development is emphasized. The main goal of integration in education is determined - the unification of the efforts of the world community in educating a person with a humanistic view of the world, in preparing him for a comprehensive approach to solving global problems of humanity. Integration processes in international education should become a priority, and their results should act as a kind of general substrate for international cooperation in other areas. The rapid development of modern means of telecommunications and the latest technologies contributes to the anticipatory nature of integration processes in world education. The factors that ensure successful international cooperation in the field of education and contribute to integration and improving the quality of teaching and conducting scientific research in higher education institutions are identified: socio-cultural incentives aimed at improving the positive reputation and image of higher education in the country and the world; economic, that is, the attraction of alternative financial means aimed at the development of educational institutions, improving the quality of teaching and research; political incentives that ensure freedom of financial resources. The advantages of double degree programs are determined: the prestige of a diploma of a foreign institution of higher education; familiarization with unique educational disciplines that are presented in the foreign market of educational services; development of international cooperation in scientific, educational, information and other areas, expansion of ties to solve a complex of scientific and regional tasks containing scientific, educational, economic and political aspects. It is concluded that the integration of education can become a kind of stabilizing element of the development of integration processes of the economy, politics and other areas.

GEOSTRATEGY OF UKRAINE REGARDING THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article examines the basic principles of the formation of Ukrainian geostrategy, analyzes the dynamics of the development of the geostrategy of independent Ukraine regarding the Russian Federation (the RF), identifies the leading directions of contemporary Ukrainian geostrategy and its prospective vectors. Geostrategy, in a broad sense, formulates and substantiates the main goals, norms, and principles of the state's foreign policy, as well as defines the main means and methods of realizing its interests in the international arena. In a practical sense, geostrategy performs the functions of determining the most effective means of protecting the security of the state, as well as developing practical recommendations for the implementation of its national interests. The following types of geostrategy are proposed according to their purpose: influence (or control), confrontation, and cooperation. Geostrategy of independent Ukraine in the 90s of the 20th century was “multi-vector”. The “Western” and “Eastern” vectors of cooperation were defined as the main ones in Ukraine's geostrategy. The “Black Sea” vector would be promising for Ukraine in the event of the development of integration processes in the Black Sea basin. During the presidency of Viktor Yushchenko, the “Western” vector became the main one in Ukraine's geostrategy, it was aimed at cooperation with Western countries and at joining the EU and NATO. During the time of President Viktor Yanukovych, Ukraine's geostrategy again became a “two-vector”, combining the “Western” and “Eastern” vectors of cooperation. After the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2014, the leading geostrategic vector of cooperation remained the “Western” one, and regarding the RF, Ukraine's geostrategy turned into a confrontational “containment” one. During the current full-scale war, Ukraine must implement an offensive geostrategy against Russia to restore its territorial integrity. In the post-war period, the geostrategy of “containment” regarding the RF with the help of Western countries will be the most appropriate for Ukraine.

The Role of the EAEU and the SCO in the Eurasia Environmental Safety Space Formation

Recently, most of the existing environmental problems have not only not been solved but have also worsened. There is a growing understanding in the public consciousness that the tools that have been used so far in solving these problems do not cope with the tasks formulated, among other things, in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Accordingly, the interest in analyzing existing environmental problems and finding ways to solve them is taking an increasing place in the process of defining and implementing the policies of most states and their interaction with activists of environmental social movements.Aim. Development of new ideas and directions for improving environmental policy, including within the framework of increasing the intensity of integration processes in the Eurasian space covering the EAC and SCO countries.Tasks. In the article are analyzed the experience of EAC and SCO countries in the process of ecological safe space creation.Methods. In the article were used elements of comparative and systematic approaches and general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction.Results. The study revealed the need to consider new trends in the environmental policy of the Russian Federation also under development of integration processes within the Eurasian space from the perspective of political ecology.Conclusion. Based on the analysis, the following main environmental problems that exist in the Russian Federation were identified: waste management issues, water pollution, destruction of forests, skepticism about “alternative” and “green” energy. However, environmental problems, as a rule, affect more than one country, so they need to be solved through integration with other states. Now the development of a “green” economy is a promising direction within the Eurasian space.

Transformation of the state regulatory policy in the agricultural sector of Ukraine

Ukraine is taking appropriate measures to achieve an important national priority - to become a rightful and active participant in global economic processes. This is evidenced by the adoption of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, where cooperation in the agricultural sector is given an important place, in particular in economic development and increasing the number of livestock. The article aims to identify current problems and justify priority measures for the effective development of integration processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine with the European Union. The methods used to write this article are analysis, synthesis, generalization, explanation, and qualification of data. The analytical method was applied to objectively assess the socioeconomic processes in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, and comparative analysis was used to study the institutional environment in the European Union and Ukraine. The state regulatory policy in the agricultural sector will ensure: proper regulation of the use of pesticides and other chemicals; development and implementation of financial support mechanisms for agricultural enterprises; development of an electronic system of monitoring and control of product quality. The importance of improving the system of state management of the agricultural sector of Ukraine has been proven.