Development Of Fisheries Sector Research Articles

STRATEGIC INTEGRATION OF CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (CPEC) IN ENHANCING THE MARINE FISHERY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN: A PATHWAY TO SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH

The marine fishery sector in Pakistan is particularly important in terms of the country’s economy but is still unexplored with problems such as old equipment, limited cold storage and processing, and not much investment made. Due to the emphasis on connectivity and economic cooperation under the framework of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), it is possible to provide a strategic impetus to the development of the fishery sector. This research work seeks to establish how CPEC may improve the marine fishery industry of Pakistan and find out how the sector may benefit from CPEC investments in infrastructure and related facilities. The specific research questions the way CPEC infrastructure and investment could be optimally used for the development of the marine fishery sector of Pakistan for possible economic gains that could be associated with the integration of CPEC into the fishery sector. The study adopts a descriptive research type of approach whereby the researcher relies on secondary sources of information and analyzed data to assess the status of the marine fishery of Pakistan, identify the opportunities under CPEC for the sector, and establish how the sector can effectively integrate into the framework. The importance is in bringing attention to an overlooked sector that may benefit from the efficient use of CPEC projects. With investment and cooperation in the agriculture and socio-economic sectors, integration in the fishery sector will enhance Pakistan's blue economy and sustainable economic development.

Fish Marketing System in Nepal: Present Status and Future Prospects


 Efficient fish marketing needed for the growth of fish production as well as development of fishery sector. Domestic fish markets development in the Nepal will plays a very crucial role in the development of fisheries sector. Fish marketing system development in Nepal is in infant stage. Fish marketing channel has not been systematic in Nepal. The fish marketing infrastructure and the facilities for the fish market should be developed by identifying the possible production and collection centers in the country. Live fish have getting higher price in the market and fish imported from India price is lesser than fresh wet fish of Nepal. Government policy needed to upgrade the existing fish marketing system to ensure supply of hygiene fresh fish and processed fish for consumers.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 1-5

Assessment of Online Fish Marketing in Ernakulam District, Kerala

The growth of fish production and development of fishery sector is highly dependent on an efficient fish marketing system. Fish marketing strategies developed and evolved along with the changing time and has now reached the digital era where the possibilities of incorporating technology in the marketing system is being explored. Online fish marketing is the new innovative approach in the field, trying to cater to the ever-increasing demand of high quality fresh and affordable fish among the consumers delivered within the shortest time period. On one hand, it helps the producers get a deserving legitimate share in the consumer's rupee and on the other hand, it safeguards consumer's rights against excessive prices. This study is an attempt to assess the online fish trade existing in Ernakulam district of Kerala. Seventeen firms/outlets were selected to analyse various aspects related to the online firms including species traded, mode of sales, customer profile, storage facilities, constraints faced etc.

Fishery Sector Development in Jalna District of Maharashtra: Current Status and a Road Map for Future

There has been rise in number of fishery cooperative societies and their membership. However, the fishermen, in general, are seen to face a number of problems viz. non availability of quality seed, healthy seed, prevalence of fish disease, contaminated water with chemical, lack of control measures, new technique in fishing gear and nets, etc. Therefore, there is need to address these issues for the overall development of fishery sector. Further, in order to develop fisheries sector in Jalna district, there is need to educate fishermen with respect to dissemination of information relating to modern/mechanized fishing techniques and efficient marketing of fish catch. Equally important is the need for more innovative technologies in this sector, diffusion of developed technology by extension workers and adoption by the clients. Education of fishermen about modern fishing techniques is reported to have a significant impact on adoption of recommended fish culture practices by the farmers.

Status and prospects of fish and fish product marketing in Karnataka.

The structure and performance of fish and fish products marketing in Karnataka was analysed through a combination of primary and secondary collection of information. Data were obtained from annual reports of fisheries department. Karnataka is one of the most important States contributing 4.75% of India's total fish production. The contribution of Fisheries Sector to GSDP at current prices during 1993-94 was Rs. 16,316 lakhs and it has increased to Rs. 286273 lakhs in 2012-13. The policy suggestions for further development of fisheries sector are: Strengthening of fish marketing by developing strong marketing networks through Fisheries Corporation's cold chain; Development of Inland Fisheries by proper incentives to farmers for taking up fish rearing and to strengthen fisheries research and education; Creation of Reservoir Development Authority for better management of the reservoirs; Fish seed rearing may be encouraged by involving private entrepreneurs to use public water body; Use of ICT for Inter connection and co-ordination of fish farms; Promote Ornamental fish production and marketing, and bring comprehensive policy for protecting water resource bodies and their flora and fauna. Key words: Fisheries, policy, inland fisheries, fish products, fish marketing

THE ROLE OF MICROFINANCE IN FISHERIES SECTOR: A Case Study of Ibrahim Hyderi District Karachi (EAST) Sindh Pakistan

The overarching objective of this study was to investigate the role of microfinance in fisheries sector and its development: a case study of Ibrahim Hyderi District Karachi East Sindh. This study was based on primary data and samples of 120 small scales of fishermen were selected through random sampling method. Interview schedule was used as a tool of data collection. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical techniques like means, percentages and frequencies distribution etc. The results of this study showed that total cost reported by fishermen was Rs.7665 per day. Whereas, the average yields of fishermen was 37.5 Kg per day at the rate of Rs.400/ Kg. Moreover, the net return earned by fishermen was estimated to be Rs.7335 per day .For return to investment, overall input-output ratio was calculated 1:1.95 and cost benefit ratio was calculated 1:0.95. It is clear that microfinance played a significant role in the development of fisheries sector in Ibrahim Hyderi District Karachi East Sindh. However, since a decade microfinance has been providing small loan and small business loan for fish catching equipment purpose. Our results suggest that ZaraiTaraqiati Bank Limited, Commercial Banks and Microfinance banks should supply credit on flexible terms and conditions which is helpful for small scale fishermen to increase their income and improve life standard. Government of Pakistan should support small scale fishermen through the allocation of proper incentive structure and supply of loans on affordable interest rates. It may be a helpful to strengthen fisheries sector performance and raise the per capita income of a fisherman.

Change in Fishing Patterns in Jammu & Kashmir Provinces of J&K – A Comparative Study

Jammu and Kashmir serves a congenial habitat for variety of fish species due to large number of cold water resources which has paved way for the development of fisheries sector in the state. The state has crossed 20.0 thousand tonnes of fish production because of modern aquacultural practices implied at both governmental and private levels. Kashmir province is a leading producer of fishes contributing more than 80% of the total production of the state while as Jammu on the other hand has also emerged as a major producer of animal protein through fisheries sector. The fish production data of four decades reflects increasing trend of production in all commercially important species of both the provinces. However the statistical models forecasting the future production provide an idea about the growth patterns in fishes. In this paper, growth pattern of three different fish species (Trout, Mirror carp and Country fish) from Kashmir province and various fishes from Jammu province (collectively named as Jammu fish) of the state was assessed using fish production data from 1956-57 to 2011-12. Forecasting of fish production was made on the basis of the best fitted statistical models. Results showed that Kashmir province shows overall compound growth of 4.2% against 7.9% of increased compound growth rate of fish production of Jammu province since 1956-57. Cubic model was found to be the best fitted model for all the species in both the regions. However, when future fish production of the state is taken into consideration, the statistical models indicated a decreasing trend in the overall fish production of both the provinces. Besides, the matter of concern is that the demand of 70,000 thousand tonne consumption of fish protein in the state which is a milestone yet to be achieved.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF FISH IN EGYPT

The Fisheries is considered an important source of national income. Fish product is one of important component in the agricultural production. the problem of this study determined in increasing fish food gap with about 319 thousand tons in 2012. The study aimed to description and analysis of fish production in Egypt in terms of domestic production, imports, exports, consumption, the food gap, the proportion of self-sufficiency, the average per capita available amounts for consumption, In addition, studying the factors that effect on the production and consumption of fish in Egypt. The study should be verification the following results The fish production in Egypt is growing annually by about 55.9 thousand tons during the period average (1995-2012), which represents about 6.4% of the annual average, Imports of fish increase during the study period by about 4.5 tons by about 33.6 million pounds per year, and fish exports are increasing annually by about 0.68 tons by about 5.3 million pounds annually while the production of fish according to different sources show that fish farming ranked first by about 55.3% of the average amount of production, and the total northern lakes ranks second at about 14.7%, while the production of the Sea (White, Red ) ranked third by about 14.1%, and the River Nile is ranked fourth by about 10.2 and inland lakes and coastal ranked fifth and sixth by about 5.2%, 0.5% respectively during the study period . Nevertheless, the results show that there are statistically significant differences between the indicators during the period average (2008-2012). In addition, the results show that tilapia ranked first with an average production of about 646.4 thousand tons representing about 52.1%, While the average production of mullet, carp, catfish, reaches about 181.9, 142.1, 43.1 thousand tons respectively, representing about 14.7%, 11.5%, 3.5% respectively of the average total fish production during the period (2008-2012). The study also indicate that the most important economic factors that affecting on the fish production in Egypt is the amount of fish imports, the quantity of available fish, the partial elasticity of them are about -0.294 and 1.2, which indicates that an increase in the quantity of imports by about 1% leads to the decline of fish production by about 0.3%, increase the amount of fish consumption by about 1% lead to increase the amount of production by about 1.2%. However, the results show that the most important factors affecting on the amount of fish consumed in Egypt is the population and the average price of a kilogram of fish. Therefore, the study recommended the development of fisheries sector and set up of collection centers for the production of fish near fish farms, Moreover, the necessity of expansion in aquaculture to fill the fish food gap.

Fisher women with the decision making in household task, their children education and marriage

Fisheries as an occupation includes capture, culture, handling and processing of fish, marketing, distribution, accounting and management. Women play a key role in the development of fisheries sector in addition to their role as sole household managers in most fisher families. Although the involvement of women is limited in capture fisheries, their supportive role in active fishing has increased manifold with the advent of mechanization and enhancement of multi-day fishing in marine fisheries. Matasya-Mahilavadi (fisherwomen's Forum), at South Chellanam, a fishing village in cochin, is an example of how rural women can be motivated to participate in planning and implementing their own development options. Under Indian social system, decision making is said to be a men's affair, however, many a times women are consulted by men before making any important decision. Many a times farm women are also required to take certain decision independently. It was therefore, felt necessary to determine the participation of fisher women in making decision about household task, their children education and marriage.

Significance of the European Fisheries Fund in the Development of Fishery in Latvian Ports

Latvian ports are being developed as elements of a united transport logistics chain connecting the Baltic and other EU states, CIS states, Asia and America – they facilitate not only economic development of seaports and whole regions, but also the existence and development of fishery sector, wherewith the role of ports both in Latvia and in the EU continually increases. Technologically well-provided and developed ports is one of the basic principles of successful development of fishery sector, wherewith a great significance has an efficient use of the means allocated by the European Fisheries Fund.

Marine Fisheries in India: Issues of Growth and Instability during the Pre- and Post-WTO Periods

Fisheries constitute an important segment of the national economy and the sub- national economies along the coast line of India. But notwithstanding its contribution to NDP, employment, food and nutritional security, export earnings and high potential for inclusive development, slow growth and high instability remain the grim concerns for development of this sector. This paper analyses the development of fisheries sector in Odisha, a poor coastal state in India, by estimating the trend growth rate and instability indices during the pre- and post-WTO (World Trade Organisation) periods. The results indicate that both production growth and instability have been lower in the post-WTO period relative to the pre-WTO period. While production growth has slowed down because of lower growth in exports following the WTO conditions, instability has declined mainly due to underproduction. Government provisioning of primary, secondary and tertiary infrastructure is suggested to achieve smooth and high growth of the sector. I. Introduction 1.1 Backdrop Fisheries, marine fisheries in particular, constitute an important sub-sector of the primary sector of the Indian economy both at the national and sub-national levels. This segment makes immense contribution to the economy in terms of employment and livelihood, provision of protein and food security, net domestic product and foreign exchange earnings. It has a huge linkage effect in the economy with the backward linkage operating through investment, employment and growth in boat, trawler and net making units and the forward linkage working through those in ice plants, cold storage, processing, transportation, marketing and other related activities. Although fishing, both marine and inland, is as old as human civilization, its enormous potential as an internationally tradable activity was increasingly felt only during the 1980s. With a maiden start in fisheries as a commercial venture in the 1980s, this sector has gradually grown over the years to its present giant status. The operations in fisheries have undergone a sea change with the low profile traditional and low key individual and community approaches to fishing wielding to a highly commercial, industrial and corporate business approach. The dynamics of this enterprise is well manifested in its international exposure, technological innovations and technology sharing, alignment to various quality parameters, competitive pricing and greater value addition. Exporters and export houses, the relatively new stakeholders in this business, have played a vital role in protecting fishermen from overproduction and excess supply, providing them price protection and earning foreign exchange for the nation/ state. Consequent upon these developments and innovative and efficient fishing practices, developed harvest and post-harvest infrastructure, growing domestic and international demand for sea food products and fisheries-friendly government policies, the marine fishery sector has experienced spectacular growth since the 1990's. The introduction of massive economic reforms in India and the associated liberalization, privatization and globalization regime (popularly known as LPG model) of managing the economy since 1991 has opened up the marine fisheries sector to the world market. Looking at the tremendous export and foreign exchange earnings potential of this sector, it was initially thought during the early years of economic reforms that the LPG measures would attract private capital, increase competition, improve efficiency, promote quality production and exports, augment foreign exchange earnings and give a boost to the marine fisheries activities in the economy. The establishment of WTO in 1995 is a milestone in the realm of institutional arrangement for international trade in goods, services, knowledge and technology. It became functional for the fishery sector in 2001 during the Doha round of talks, nearly one decade after the implementation of economic reforms in India. Like the reform measures implemented by the government of India, the WTO provisions were also intended to promote free flow of goods, services, capital, technical knowhow etc. worldwide with the member countries mandated to grant the most favored nation status to all of them. These two developments were self-reinforcing in nature. Both of them not only promised good returns in terms of capital inflow, technology upgradation, enhanced competition and efficiency and expanded economic opportunities including trade and growth in

Fisheries Infrastructure Needs Analysis in Order to Capture Fisheries Development Based on Commodities of South Sumatra Province

Development of capture fisheries in South Sumatra province in decline since the separation of Bangka Belitung province. This area of waters caused by the increasingly narrow. However, the development of fisheries sector still has a big opportunity, especially those based on competitive commodities. This study aimed to analyze the type of capture fisheries yield commodities, type, and allocation to take advantage of superior technology, excellent fish seumberdaya, and calculate the necessary facilities and infrastructure for the development of competitive commodities based fishery in South Sumatera province. Research conducted by survey with some analysis tools such as scoring methods, LGP and fishery facilities needs analysis. Flagship species of fish that can be developed such as prawn, swimming crab, fish and machete-cleaver manyung with superior fishing gear types trammel net, drift gill nets, gill nets and fishing equipment. Fisheries is needed is a means of fishery harbors as many as 10 pieces, as many as 20 fruit shipyards, factories nets one unit and processing 8 units. Addition of TPI as a necessary conclusion of the building where the sale of the landed catch of fishermen. Key Words : Capture Fisheries, Competitive Commodities, South Sumatera Province

SURVEY OF VIRAL DISEASES OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei IN INDONESIA

Penaeid shrimp culture is a major contributor to foreign exchange earning in Indonesia. It has significant impact on economic development of fisheries sector, and leads to be one of prime mover to improve social prosperity. However, shrimp industry particularly black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) has been facing unpredictable situation due to disease problem. The main constrain in correlation to the development of shrimp industry is disease outbreak, especially caused by viral agents. White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) occurred in 1994, causing mass mortality of black tiger shrimp almost in all of the middle and western part of Indonesia. Due to the disease problem, it is estimated that in year 2000, more than 50% of shrimp pond were idle. Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) or “udang vanamei” was introduced to Indonesia at the end of 1999, and released officially in July, 2001. Response of shrimp farmers to the shrimp rapidly accepted and distributed to many provinces in the country. At the end of 2006, distribution of white shrimp culture was encountered in more than 15 provinces. The seeds are mainly produced from hatcheries located in East Java and Lampung. The information of TSV in Indonesia was reported firstly from East Java at the end of 2002, without a clear history. Since then, survey of TSV distribution was conducted intensively in white shrimp production areas. Beside TSV, population of white shrimp coming to Indonesia also susceptible to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) infection. A survey with the aim to know significant viral diseases of white shrimp is needed to set up an alternative strategy to control them. The survey was conducted, firstly in the main production centers of white shrimp; and planned to be continued throughout the country. Samples collection, diagnostic method and data compiled in this study were collected from both active and passive surveillance. Diagnosis of viral diseases infecting white shrimp in this study was focused on TSV, WSSV, and IHHNV agents. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test has been used as a major diagnostic technique in this study. Progress report of the study showed that TSV spreading limited in controlled areas. The study proved that WSSV and IHHNV have been found in cultured white shrimp. All of the diseases mentioned above tend to be a significant constrain of future white shrimp industry in Indonesia, and special attention should be given in order to protect wide-spread of particular disease from infected to uninfected ones. Also, briefly current status of white shrimp culture development in the country will be discussed in this paper.

Fishery Sector Development in Maharashtra: Issues, Strategies and Policy Implications

Although Maharashtra accounts for 14-20 per cent of the total marine fish production of India - which is almost stable over the past five years, the present fishing fleet of the state is not capable to exploit the deep sea resources. The state has formulated a scheme to introduce a medium size craft to exploit the resources in the depth of 70 fathoms with prolonged fishing cruise of 15 to 20 days in comparison to the present existing level of 4 to 10 days. This scheme so far has not given rich dividend. In fact, the major problem faced by the marine fisheries of Maharashtra is relating to depletion of resources due to illegal presence of foreign vessels and vessels belonging to other states, which appeared to have created pressure on the coast line. As a result, the marine fish production of Maharashtra has grown at very low pace during the last two decades. In order to tackle this problem, there is need for the Government of India to introduce zonalisation of coast line in the National Fishing Policy. This will not only help in stopping illegal presence other state's and foreign vessels but also in checking the depletion of resources. Some loop holes in the existing fishing laws should also be checked to prevent any illegal presence of vessels which deplete the marine resources. Notably, Maharashtra Fisheries Regulation Act (MHFRA) was introduced in the state in 1981. As per the provisions made in the Act, the mesh size of cord end of trawl net has been specified for different areas. And, these sizes are strictly followed. However, in order to maintain the existing marine fish stock there is need for the Government of India to implement uniform ban on illegal entry of other vessels in different coastal areas. It is to be further noted that the declining trends in inland water spread area, numerical strength of fish curing yards and stagnant number of fishery schools are certainly disturbing features of the fisheries sector of Maharashtra. However, in order to develop fisheries sector, the department of fisheries in the state is conducting various training programme relating to carp fish seed production, fresh water prawn culture, integrated fish farming and management of aquarium, etc. In order to develop fisheries sector in Maharashtra, there is need to educate fishermen with respect to dissemination of information relating to modern/mechanized fishing techniques and efficient marketing of fish catch. Equally important is the need for more innovative technologies in this sector, diffusion of developed technology by extension workers and adoption by the clients. Education of fishermen about modern fishing techniques is reported to have a significant impact on adoption of recommended fish culture practices by the farmers. It is also pointed out that extension and mass media participation have strong positive relationship with adoption of fish culture practices. Nonetheless, inadequate infrastructure and flow of information technology have been cited as the major barriers for better market integration in the existing marine fish markets of India. As for the overall development of fisheries sector of India, it is to be noted that since the target of fish production of 5.6 lakhs tons for 2003-04 was lower than the target of 6.3 lakhs tons for 2002-03, measures need to be taken to increase production of both marine and inland capture fisheries from reservoirs, etc. and culture fisheries to increase the overall fish production. There is also scope for exploitation of off-shore and deep sea fishery resources through introduction of newly designed fuel saving multi-day mechanized fishing vessels and deep sea fishing vessels. The need for the multi-day mechanized fishing vessels as well as the deep sea vessels is also felt in the state of Maharashtra.

Need for a National Fisheries Information System

Describes the importance of information for the development of fisheries sector and its contributions to the Indian economy. Stresses the need for establishment of National Fisheries Information System with the ICAR Head Quarters being the central coordinating unit, for the benefit of research workers, policy makers and administrators in the field of Fisheries Sciences. Databases on bibliographical information i.e. published research, ongoing research, etc. have to be created. The development of such a National Information System requires decentralization and the cooperation of other institutions and organizations in the country but also requires active support and cooperation from international agencies and developed nations. The services to be offered by the system are also highlighted.