Development Of Energy Systems Research Articles

Development and performance assessment of a novel multigeneration clean energy system based on biomass-LNG using a dynamic model and supervised learning algorithms

Combining process integration mechanisms with artificial intelligence (AI) can be used as a tool for maximum use of biomass capacity and energy production. This study proposes a continuous multi-generation hybrid energy production system based on biomass-LNG using the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) method. In this system, using the Gibbs free energy minimization approach, a process based on the fluidized bed gasifier was designed, which in addition to producing hydrogen and electricity from biomass, also produces liquid CO2 and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from liquid natural gas and limestone for the first time. This process was also examined from thermal (HHV) and thermodynamic (Exergy) standpoints. The simulation of the gasification unit was able to predict the percentage of exhaust gases from the gasifier with errors of RMSE = 3.8 and RMSE = 3.2 for almond shell and rice shell biomass, respectively. Following that, a dataset with more than 14 million records was generated. Then, machine learning methods were employed to investigate and improve the process's simulation characteristics. The evaluation of 15 machine learning algorithms in the construction of the predictive model showed that ANN, Extra Tree Regressor, and Random Forest are the most accurate algorithms in predicting the desired values (such as hydrogen, work, PCC, liquid CO2, exergy, and HHV) with R2 > 0.99. The dataset analysis showed that the current process could produce 130 kg/h of hydrogen, 375 kWh of work, 2600 kg/h of PCC, and 531 kg/h of liquid carbon dioxide on average. As a final step, a WPF desktop application was developed that simplifies the use of ML models so that the impact of changing the variables can easily be calculated.

An integrated energy system day-ahead scheduling method based on an improved dynamic time warping algorithm

With the construction and development of the new energy system, the integrated energy system (IES) has garnered significant attention as a crucial energy carrier in recent years. Therefore, to address the scheduling challenges of IES influenced by uncertainty in source load and mitigate the conservatism of scheduling schemes while enhancing clustering accuracy, a method for day-ahead top-note scheduling of IES is proposed. First, by improving dynamic time warping (DTW) for hierarchical clustering of wind, solar, and load data in IES, typical scenarios of IES are derived. Second, using the interval method to model wind, solar, and load data in IES along with their coupled devices and considering the conservatism issue of interval optimization, the established IES interval model undergoes affine processing. Finally, with the goal of minimizing the operating costs of IES, a day-ahead interval affine scheduling model is established, which is solved using the CPLEX Solver and INTLAB toolbox, and scheduling schemes for all typical scenarios are provided. Through comparative analysis of calculation examples, it is found that the method proposed in this paper can enhance clustering accuracy and reduce the conservatism of system scheduling schemes.

Active Fault-Tolerant and Attack-Resilient Control for a Renewable Microgrid Against Power-Loss Faults and Data Integrity Attacks.

The next-generation power grid evolves from the development of fundamental cyber-physical energy systems called smart microgrids. In order to improve the reliability, safety, and security of smart microgrids and achieve a more cost-effective operation, innovative approaches for physical fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) as well as intrusion detection and attack-resilient control (ARC) should be investigated. Given that, this article considers a smart hybrid renewable-based microgrid with different types of distributed generation units, including solar photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbines, and battery energy storage system. Novel active FTC and ARC strategies are designed for pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters at microgrid level. The proposed fault-tolerant controller is based on an optimal fuzzy gain-scheduling technique that is used to accommodate the adverse impacts of PV power-loss faults. Also, the proposed attack-resilient controller relies on the estimated values of sensor measurements during the occurrence of data integrity cyber-attacks. To access and evaluate the microgrid's real-time health status, both FTC and ARC strategies employ an integrated model-based intrusion detection and fault diagnosis (IDFD) system that is designed using a fuzzy modeling and identification technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated via a series of simulations in MATLAB/Simulink using an advanced microgrid benchmark.

Energy innovation funding and social equity: Mediating role of just energy transition

Public investments in research, development, demonstration, and deployment in energy systems are crucial for accelerating the adoption of new energy technologies that can support a low-carbon just energy transition and promote the fair and equitable distribution of benefits and costs, improving social equity. However, the impact of energy innovation funding on social equity through progressing the just energy transition has not been explored in prior research for advanced economies. Thus, this research quantitively examines how energy innovation funding affects social equity in 23 developed economies for the period of 1995–2020. Employing a fixed effect, augmented mean group, and a system-generalized method of moments technique along with a mediating model, this study finds that increasing energy innovation funding significantly improves social equity directly as well as indirectly via accelerating energy justice in advanced economies. Therefore, proper allocation and utilization of public energy innovation budgets are necessary to promote clean energy technologies, advance the just energy transition, and improve social equity, inclusion, and community engagement. This study emphasizes the importance of policy interventions that promote a just energy transition and energy innovation funding to build resilient and inclusive energy systems that improve social equity while achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7, affordable and clean energy.

Entropy and energy transfer analysis of a Maxwell thin‐film fluid over an inclined surface with viscous dissipation effect

AbstractNon‐Newtonian fluid plays a vital role in the field of manufacturing and engineering sector, because of its immense heat transfer rate. The two‐dimensional incompressible unsteady Maxwell nanofluid thin‐film flow with MHD and viscous dissipation over an inclined surface is investigated. One of the mechanisms in the second law of thermodynamics, that is irreversibility which also analyzed. The Maxwell nanofluid thin film energy and motion equations in the additional information have been turned into a coupled differential system of the third order. The transformed ODE equations are further evaluated by using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The variations of entropy rate, velocity, Bejan number and temperature field with the various emerging parameters are analyzed. This could potentially lead to the development of solar energy systems that are both affordable and highly efficient, so enabling the more efficient use of renewable energy sources and reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.

Exploring the effects of TiO2${\rm TiO}_2$–Ag/water hybrid nanofluid on MHD flow over a permeable exponentially stretching–shrinking sheet with radiative heat transfer and slip conditions

AbstractThe objective of this article is to study the importance of velocity and thermal slip in the exponentially stretching or shrinking sheet with the megnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluid flow along with magnetic field, radiative, heat generation effects. This study has practical importance in enhancing heat transfer efficiency, improving energy conversion and optimizing thermal management systems. The findings can also contribute to the development of sustainable energy systems and aid in assessing the stability and safety of nanofluid applications. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The ODEs are solved using bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The dual solutions are achieved for specific range of the stretching or shrinking parameter and mass suction parameter. The first solution is physically significant after considering stability analysis. The hybrid nanofluid has numerous real‐life and industrial applications, such as microelectronics, manufacturing, naval structures, nuclear system cooling, biomedical, and drug reduction. The skin‐friction increases but Nusselt number decreases over the stretching sheet whereas the opposite effect shows over shrinking sheet for the both solution with the increasing velocity slip parameter. On the other hand, The Nusselt number decreases over the shrinking or stretching sheet for both solutions with the increasing in the thermal slip parameter. The skin friction increases over shrinking sheet but decreases over stretching sheet for the first solution with increasing silver volume fraction parameter and porosity parameter (). Enhancing magnetic field parameter leads to the skin friction increases over the shrinking sheet but decreases over stretching sheet but Nusselt number shows opposite trend. The Nusselt number decreases over shrinking sheet but increases over stretching sheet for the first solution with increasing porosity parameter (). The Nusselt number decreases over shrinking or stretching sheet as the increases heat generation () and variable thermal conductivity parameter () but Nusselt number shows opposite trend as the increases radiative parameter ().

Development of a new renewable energy system for clean hydrogen and ethanol production

The present research work aims to present a uniquely designed renewable energy-based integrated system along with an equilibrium model for the processing of feedstock by following a hybrid route of thermochemical and biochemical ways. In this regard, Canadian maple leaves and plastic wastes are selected as potential feedstocks for co-pyrolysis and syngas fermentation. The influence of co-pyrolysis process parameters on the overall system performance is investigated and assessed. Also, several sensitivity analyses are performed to determine the optimal operating parameters that can generate maximum yields of hydrogen and ethanol. The present system is further investigated thermodynamically in terms of energetic and exergetic approaches and efficiencies. The present study shows that a molar flow ratio of 1:1 for maple leaves to plastic wastes, a temperature of 1000°C temperature, and a pressure of 1 bar appear to be the most suitable operating conditions with the net production capacities of 7.43 tons/day for hydrogen and 8.72 tons/day for ethanol. The cold gas efficiency and LHV of the syngas produced are found to be 57.23% and 19.96 MJ/kg, respectively. The overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the present system are found to be 30.98% and 26.88%, respectively.

Blockchain-Enabled Integrated Energy System Trading Model for CCS-P2G-Coupled Operation: Enhancing Energy Trading Efficiency and Carbon Emission Reduction

The need for sustainable integrated energy systems to mitigate environmental impact is hindered by challenges in fluctuating demand, trading reliability, and trustworthiness. This paper proposes an innovative approach to tackle these challenges by introducing a blockchain-based integrated energy system trading model with smart contracts. It is intricately linked with the operation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology and power-to-gas (P2G) equipment. The CCS-P2G-coupled operation principle is first outlined, followed by the presentation of a comprehensive system model. The peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading algorithm is enhanced using the Bloom filtering technique. Leveraging smart contracts, a distributed energy trading mechanism is employed, resulting in a meticulously constructed integrated energy system trading model for CCS-P2G-coupled operation. The proposed model is rigorously evaluated for energy trading efficiency and system performance, revealing significant improvements compared to prior studies and showcasing substantial cumulative benefits. Three operation scenarios are examined, with experimental results highlighting the model’s superior carbon emission reduction capacity. This study introduces an innovative paradigm for trading and managing integrated energy systems, holding potential implications for the sustainable development and decarbonization transition of future energy systems.

Efficient energy transport from triboelectric nanogenerators to lithium-ion batteries via releasing electrostatic energy instantaneously

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an important role in the field of clean energy as energy conversion and storage devices respectively. It is vital to fabricate efficient transport between TENGs and LIBs for promoting the development in combined energy systems. This work constructs an efficient energy transport system between the contact-energy contact-separation TENG (CCS-TENG) and the LIB by introducing power management based on a short-circuit contact in-situ. Such synergy system satisfies the needs of improving the efficient connection between TENGs and LIBs, durability and miniaturization of energy unit. The short-circuit contact in-situ guarantees the maximum energy output of CSS-TENG in every contact-separation cycle and the energy density is as high as 131.1 mJ m−2 cycle−1, although the electrode of CCS-TENG is only 10 cm2. Moreover, the TENG cycle has exceeded 1.3 million cycles without attenuation with the help of charge injection. This approach enables an efficient energy transport from environmental mechanical energy to electricity and then to chemical energy, and constructs an efficient energy transport bridge for TENGs and LIBs, thereby providing important insights into the dynamics of charge transfer and their complex interrelations between TENGs and LIBs.

Research on Improvement Calculation Method of Grid Power Losses Based on New Energy Access Model

This research presents an improved calculation method for grid power losses, particularly focusing on the challenges posed by new energy access models. With the integration of electric vehicles and the rise of data centers, the demand for electrical energy has surged, leading to increased strain on grid stations and subsequent power losses. The proposed model aimed at reducing these power losses, while also examining existing systems to mitigate and analyze such issues. A significant contribution of this work is the application of the Random Forest machine learning algorithm, which enables efficient and accurate power flow calculations essential for optimizing grid performance. The proposed method is expected to enhance the grid’s ability to handle future energy demands and contribute to the sustainable development of electrical energy systems.

Internal revenue sharing methodology for virtual power plant clusters considering carbon incentive and penalty mechanisms

With the rapid development of renewable energy and the urgent need for global carbon emission reduction, virtual power plants have become a high-profile energy management model that can integrate multiple energy resources. How to effectively integrate renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions, how to optimize the use of different energy resources, and how to fairly distribute economic benefits within virtual power plant clusters while encouraging the reduction of carbon emissions are issues that need to be addressed in research. The study first established a virtual power plant model and conducted in-depth optimization for its economic and environmental indicators. Subsequently, the study constructed a game model within the virtual power plant cluster, aiming to solve the problem of income distribution in this diversified energy system. The research results found that commercial users have the highest carbon emissions, followed by industrial users, while residential users have the lowest carbon emissions. In terms of optimized user electricity consumption behavior, the peak-to-valley difference rate of industrial users has been reduced by 17%, and the daily load rate has increased by 6%; the peak-to-valley difference rate of commercial users has been reduced by 12%, and the daily load rate has increased by 6%; The peak-to-trough difference rate for residential users decreased by 8%, and the daily load rate increased by 4%. In addition, the research also proposes a method of internal revenue distribution of virtual power plant clusters based on a carbon reward and punishment mechanism, which provides a new way for the synergy effects and economic benefit distribution of virtual power plants. Research is of positive significance in solving pressing issues in the field of energy management and provides strong support for the development of future sustainable energy systems.

Circular Economy for the Energy System as a Leverage for Low-Carbon Transition: Long-Term Analysis of the Case of the South-East Region of France

The circular economy is a decisive strategy for reconciling economic development and the environment. In France, the CE was introduced into the law in 2015 with the objective of closing the loop. The legislation also delegates energy policy towards the French regions by granting them the jurisdiction to directly plan the energy–climate issues on their territory and to develop local energy resources. Thereby, the SUD PACA region has redefined its objectives and targeted carbon neutrality and the transition to a CE by 2050. To study this transition, we developed a TIMESPACA optimization model. The results show that following a CE perspective to develop a local energy system could contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by 50% in final energy consumption and reaching almost free electricity production. To obtain greater reductions, the development of the regional energy systems should follow a careful policy design favoring the transition to low energy-consuming behavior and the strategical allocation of resources across the different sectors. Biomethane should be allocated to the buildings and industrial sector, while hydrogen should be deployed for buses and freight transport vehicles.

A moment of maritime opportunity? The U.S. Navy operational energy challenge

The U.S. Department of Defense's National Defense Strategy prioritises the U.S. Navy's focus on strategic competitors, equipped with long-range weapons, significant anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) systems, and substantial cyber capabilities. This paper analyses the U.S. Navy's efforts to field an energy-resilient force able to support distributed operations in a globally contested logistics environment. Specifically, it examines operational energy strategies, focusing on energy supportability and demand reduction, against the backdrop of naval power and energy system developments. Moreover, it advocates for the application of updated performance metrics to spur technological innovation and policy formulation, advance a data-driven culture, and inform pathways to support a whole-of-government approach to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.

Modelling the optimization of world-class 400 m and 1,500 m running performances using high-resolution data.

The 400 m and 1,500 m are track events that rely on different but important contributions from both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems. The purpose of this study is to model men's and women's 400 m and 1,500 m championship performances to gain a deeper understanding of the key mechanical and physiological factors affecting running speed and bend running using high-resolution data from live competition (10 Hz). To investigate World-class athletes' instantaneous speeds, propulsive forces and aerobic and anaerobic energy, we model and simulate the performances of the men's and women's European Athletics 400 m champions, Matthew Hudson-Smith and Femke Bol, as well as the men's European Athletics 1,500 m champion, Jakob Ingebrigtsen, and the women's European Athletics U23 1,500 m champion, Gaia Sabbatini. The simulations show that a fast start is essential in both the 400 m and 1,500 m because of the need for fast oxygen kinetics, with peak running speeds occurring within the first ∼50 m in both events. Subsequently, 400 m athletes slow continually from this maximum speed to the finish, and a total anaerobic contribution of ∼77% is found for both male and female champions. The key to faster 400 m racing is to reduce the decrease in velocity: this comes from both a high VO2 and a high anaerobic contribution. Ingebrigtsen's winning tactic in the European 1,500 m final is to adopt a very fast cruising pace from 300 m onwards that is possible because he is able to maintain a high VO2 value until the end of the race and has a large anaerobic contribution. He has fast VO2 kinetics that does not require as fast a start as his opponents, but then he speeds up in the last two laps, without a fast sprint finish. The comparison between Sabbatini's slower and quicker races (∼8 s difference) shows that it is the improvement of aerobic metabolism that has the greatest effect on 1,500 m performance. Coaches should note in particular that the all-out pacing nature of the 400 m requires the prioritization of anaerobic energy system development, and those who coach the 1,500 m should note the differing energy contributions between even-paced races and championship racing.

Preface

Today, the rapid development in energy and electrical power systems poses new challenges to researchers and scientists that require innovative methodology. As such, we are proud to present the 2023 2nd International Conference on Energy and Electrical Power Systems (ICEEPS 2023) held in Guangzhou, China during November 26th to 27th, 2023. We aspire ICEEPS to serve as an effective platform for academicians and researchers nationally and internationally to share ideas, state-of-the-art researches and future developments in diverse fields of energy and electrical power.The goals of ICEEPS 2023 were to discuss strategies in improving sustainable energy efficiency of electrical power systems, especially in smart grid and micro grid, and provide students and research groups an opportunity to learn more about energy and electrical power systems as an important tool in their research applications and development. The specific topics include but are not limited to: Thermal and Power Engineering, Computation Intelligence in Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic and Applied Superconductivity, Power System Planning and Scheduling, etc.About 120 participants from countries all over the world attended the Conference and presentations by researchers and scholars representing both institutes and academia. The scientific program mainly consisted of keynote speeches, oral and poster presentations. The keynote speeches were given by Professor Fushuan Wen (Zhejiang University, China), Associate Professor Bowen Zhou (Northeastern University, China), Associate Professor Qing Fu (Sun Yat-sen University, China), and other experts. They exchanged, discussed, and demonstrated their research ideas. Moreover, students were also encouraged to present their work in oral and poster sessions. The rich multidisciplinary background of the attendance produced relevant discussions, touching on many novel concepts that, without doubt, will be stimulating for the participants, and enriching of the fields as a whole.This paper volume contains papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Energy and Electrical Power Systems. All papers selected have been subjected to a rigorous peer review process. As such, we would like to thank all the reviewers, type-setting editors and last but not the least all Committee members for the successful publication of this conference proceedings of ICEEPS 2023.In making this Conference possible, we want to acknowledge our deep appreciation for the support of Guangzhou Association of Yong Technologists & Scientists, China and Guangzhou Association for Science & Technology, China. And we would like to extend an enthusiastic round of thanks to all our Conference authors and speakers for their excellent contributions. Special thanks go to the members of Journal of Physics: Conference Series for their time and outstanding publishing work.The Committee of ICEEPS 2023List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

Development of multi-input multi-output converter for decarbonization energy system

Decarbonization energy systems include a range of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. These sources generate electricity with minimal carbon emissions and can be used in various applications, including power generation, heating, and transportation. Therefore, the use of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) converter is becoming increasingly important in decarbonization energy systems. This is because the integration of multiple renewable energy sources, requires a power converter that can manage multiple inputs and outputs efficiently. This paper presents the development of a MIMO converter using a single-phase matrix converter for decarbonization energy systems. The proposed converter is capable of integrating multiple renewable energy sources and can be used in a microgrid application, thus removing the need of multiple converters. The design and analysis of the converter are presented, including the selection of power switches and control strategy. The performance of the converter is evaluated through experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing multiple inputs and outputs using a single power converter circuit. The results indicate that the proposed converter is a promising solution for decarbonization energy systems, contributing to the development of sustainable energy systems.

Hybrid Technologies for Water Heating Applications: A Review

The over-reliance on fossil resources necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system. Renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable net-zero energy options. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in developing countries as a means of increasing the hot water production. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. This paper provides an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies with a focus on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects for increasing the economic attractiveness and public acceptance of such systems.

Analyzing the Role of Values and Ideals in the Development of Energy Systems: How Values, Their Idealizations, and Technologies Shape Political Decision-Making

This study examines an important aspect of energy history and policy: the intertwinement of energy technologies with ideals. Ideals play an important role in energy visions and innovation pathways. Aspirations to realize technical, social, and political ideals indicate a long-term commitment in the design of energy systems, distinguishable from commitment to other abstract goals, such as values. This study offers an analytical scheme that could help to conceptualize these differences and their impact on energy policy. In the proposed model, two spheres of interaction are highlighted: a material sphere in which values and technologies co-evolve, and an imaginary sphere in which ideals interact with idealized technologies. Furthermore, the relation between these two spheres can be understood in different ways. This study examines three cases that are illustrative of the different roles of ideals in the development of energy technologies and visions: (1) the evolution of safety in nuclear reactor design; (2) visions of atomic power in France; (3) the political idealization of a tidal power scheme in the Severn Estuary. Finally, the developed model implies more general insights for the development of sociotechnical systems. Amongst others, it shows why certain projects and technologies remain a political, but not a techno–economic option.

A review on research and application of multi-energy complementary system containing high proportion of renewable energy based on different attributes

To better understand the latest development of renewable energy systems, recent studies on multi-energy complementary power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy are reviewed in this paper. The connection modes of power grids and economic system analysis are summarized and discussed respectively, putting forward some suggestions on the system design and operation optimization. Firstly, the characteristics and differences between an integrated system and an off-grid system are reviewed, concluding that an integrated system is more reliable and costeffective based on a few case studies. Secondly, the commonly used economic parameters and cost evaluation methods of the hybrid power system are reviewed. Those methods offer crucial tools to optimize the system, and they are able to analyze the system feasibility, enabling the most economical configuration. The results of several cases prove that the hybrid multi-energy system is more economical than the single-energy system. Finally, there are few articles focusing on technical details assessments and environmental impacts, which leaves room for future study.

Europe’s independence from Russian natural gas — Effects of import restrictions on energy system development

With the Russian invasion on Ukraine in 2022 and the following disruption of Russian natural gas imports, Europe’s energy reliance on Russia has become more apparent than ever. To tackle the resulting challenges of a limited supply of fossil fuels from Russia and especially its effects on energy system development, short and long-term effects need to be investigated thoroughly. This paper aims to quantitatively analyze the impact of reduced natural gas availability from Russia on the European energy system, both in the coming years, as well as in the future. Using the Global Energy System Model (GENeSYS-MOD), three scenarios with varying amounts of Russian natural gas and further impacts of reduced fossil fuel imports from Russia are calculated. Results show that strong effects are mostly observed in the short to medium-term, but an overall earlier phase-out of fossil fuels can be achieved in the long-term. The reduction of natural gas imports is tackled by an increase in LNG imports and domestic natural gas production to overcome the supply gap. Strong reactions are seen in the levelized costs of electricity generation between 2022 and 2025, with higher costs in scenarios with restrictions on Russian natural gas imports, but with a negligible difference in the long-term. Most importantly, lower emissions in scenarios with reduced natural gas supply from Russia highlight the positive effect of an early reduction in fossil fuels and investment in renewable technologies, resulting in a near 100% emission-free energy system by 2045, 5 years before the Base scenario with unrestricted Russian gas imports. The results find that a limitation of Russian fossil imports does not pose a long-term threat to the European energy system or its required transition away from fossil fuels, but can rather accelerate its decarbonization and energy demand reductions.