Development Of Energy-saving Technologies Research Articles

Drive-Cycle-Based Configuration Design and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Dual-Motor 4WD System With Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles

The development of energy-saving technology is important to the promotion of electric vehicles. In the design process of electric vehicles, the drive configuration is generally determined first, and then the energy management strategy is studied. However, this process doesn’t design the drive configuration with higher energy saving potential from the economic perspective of vehicle driving conditions, but directly determines the drive configuration. So, in this paper, the characteristics of the vehicle’s driving conditions are analyzed firstly, and then based on the analysis results, a new dual-motor 4WD EV configuration with higher energy saving potential is proposed, which only has a two-speed transmission in the rear axle. Then the parameters of the proposed driving configuration are calculated to meet the vehicle dynamic or economic needs of various driving conditions. Then an energy management strategy is developed for the judgement of optimal torque distribution of the front and rear axle motors and gear shifting logic. Finally, the comparison simulations are conducted and the results show that, in WLTC, DM-2ST can reduce vehicle energy consumption by 9.13% and 4.84% respectively compared to DM-FTD and DM-OTD. In UDDS, DM-2ST can reduce vehicle energy consumption by 11.04% and 5.77% respectively compared to DM-FTD and DM-OTD.

Power generation Technology of condensed water Temperature Differences in central air conditioning

With the rapid development of modern society, the improvement of people’s requirements for living comfort makes the utilization rate of central air conditioning in civil buildings and industrial plants greatly improved. The research and development of energy-saving technology under “double carbon” has also been paid attention to. As a hot new energy technology in recent years, thermoelectric power generation technology can improve the efficiency of old energy and be used in acquiring renewable energy, which is widely a concern by researchers. And central air conditioning in the summer operation of the condensate water still has much cold capacity not used. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the temperature difference between the low-temperature condensed water of central air conditioning and the external high temperature of the environment to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.

The performance of the Optimisation and Regenerative Braking systems by using PI controlling technique for Electric Vehicle (EV)

Electric automobiles have lower fuel costs because electric motors are more efficient than internal combustion engines. These automobiles can only drive a certain distance because to insufficient batteries and the lack of charging stations. EVs, on the other hand, lack a short driving distance and require frequent charging and discharging of power batteries. EVs will benefit from the development of energy-saving technologies that will expand their reach and prevent battery damage caused by frequent charging and discharging. The goal is to improve the energy efficiency of braking system and its motor efficiency to generate current, as well as to improve regenerative braking (RB) efficiency in EV’s. Using a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by adding an LC filter is the method that will be applied. A significant addition of current and less ripple and spike in the torque and a quick dynamic interference is the desired result. The performance of the system optimisation and RB circuit systems by using PI controlling technique. The output from torque produced by a 2200 Rpm is 3 Nm and demonstrates that the BLDC motor is efficient when driven by an LC filter circuit. Finally, using the Matlab/Simulink tool, this research presents a thorough simulation of a BLDC motor’s operation as a motor and a generator with RB to create more current in EVs.

Prospects for the development of renewable energy for the energy supply of buildings in Russia

The article considers the significance of the problem of renewable energy and energy saving technology development. The potential of solar and geothermal energy in the Russian Federation, the feasibility of using stable and inexhaustible renewable energy sources for implementation in buildings and structures are discussed. Construction, operation of buildings and structures consume up to half of all generated energy in the world. The efficiency of enclosing structures significantly affects the energy saving of buildings and generates up to 30% of heat losses. Using renewable energy technology in construction is effective with enclosing structures with high thermal insulation characteristics. Territories of the Russian Federation with decentralized energy supply, characterized by low consumer power, lack of access to power grids, lack of fuel, harsh climatic conditions, and low population density, have a high potential for the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) into the buildings.

Maximum Operability of Replaceable Hard Alloy Plates during Steel Turning EI867-VD

Today, under the conditions of sanctions, the Russian Federation needs more than ever the development of energy-saving technologies in various industries. The greatest impact on the life and operability of hard alloy cutting tools is exerted by the physical and mechanical properties of tool materials. Studies have shown that the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten hard alloys in the process of operation, namely in the process of cutting difficult-to-process materials under the influence of high temperatures, vary symmetrically. This study was based on the laws of physics of the division of electrodynamics, as well as well-known non-destructive testing techniques, scientific foundations of materials science, all studies were carried out in accredited laboratories of Tyumen Industrial University. Results of research on determination of temperature of maximum operability of replaceable cutting hard-alloy plates based on study of change of electromagnetic properties are obtained. On the basis of persistent tests in factory conditions, it was proved that the developed technique allows determining temperature intervals of maximum operability based on the study of changes in electromagnetic properties of hard alloys.

SEMICONDUCTOR THERMOELEMENTS FOR GAS FLOW CONTROL IN A CAULDRON

With the constant increase in energy prices, the cost of agricultural products increases, which reduces competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. In this regard, the development of energy-saving technologies and technical means becomes relevant. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the efficiency of heat treatment of feed, reducing energy consumption by improving the energy supply system and automation of the gas cauldron. (Materials and methods) The article presents an energy-efficient cauldron for cooking feed in the personal farms of rural residents. An energy supply system for a cauldron with automatic regulation of gas flow in proportion to the heat flow consumed is described. The design feature of this scheme is the use of Peltier semiconductor elements forming a thermoelectric battery to manage gas flow. (Results and discussion) The article presents a design and technological scheme of an automated gas flow control system with a gas burner device, its composition and the operation principle. We have created a specific methodology for determining energy and mode parameters, an operating experimental sample of the energy supply system of a cauldron. Experimental studies were carried out to clarify the calculated energy and operating parameters, substantiate the nominal power of the gas burner device, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of a cauldron with new automation tools. The regularities of changes in gas flow, temperature, and voltage at the output of a thermoelectric battery have been described. Diagrams of changes in these parameters are presented. (Conclusions) The lowest energy costs for heating the contents of a 100-litres cooking cauldron to boiling are achieved when the boiler is equipped with a gas burner with a capacity of 14 kilowatts. Due to the use of an automated gas flow control system, energy savings of up to 20 percent are provided in proportion to the heat flow consumed.

Market and Social Transformations as a Condition of Sustainable Development at the Regional Level: Small and Medium Business and ITManagement

Regional planning is an important element of the mechanism of market transformation in the economy of the region based on information technology management. The content of the plans is largely determined by the scenario of its development. However, it is necessary to determine the specifics of organizational support and the choice of a scenario for market transformation at the mesoscale. The objective of the research is to determine the specifics of organizational support and choose a scenario for market transformation at the mesoscale. Based on a study of the results of the implementation of the scenario of economic development, the main causes and trends of the regional economy are identified, and regulatory measures in the region are proposed. On the example of the regions of Ukraine, three possible scenarios of the scenario were formed in the near future: innovative, raw, paternalistic. The main criteria for all scenarios is the development of energy-saving technologies; the formation of a middle class that will ensure the modernization of social infrastructure, the development of education and health care, the improvement of the environment, the creation of an effective housing and communal economy and the beginning of the movement towards civil society.

Определение температуры максимальной работоспособности сменных режущих твердосплавных пластин на основе исследования изменения электромагнитных свойств

Introduction. Today, under the conditions of sanctions, the Russian Federation, more than ever before, needs the development of energy-saving technologies in various industries. There is no secret that when assigning cutting modes for new materials, tool companies conduct tests for the destruction of replaceable cutting inserts during cutting, the obtained numerical values are published in catalogs. The greatest impact on the life and operability of hard alloy cutting tools is exerted by the physical and mechanical properties of tool materials. Studies have shown that the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten hard alloys in the process of operation, namely in the process of cutting difficult-to-process materials under the influence of high temperatures, vary symmetrically. During the development of the laboratory plant, a literary review was carried out, which showed that at the moment non-destructive testing methods of technological facilities are widely used. Methods of non-destructive testing of technological objects allow conducting studies of the state of material, defects in the structure, internal changes, without samples destroying; this advantage was decisive during the literary review. The object of this study is replaceable cutting hard alloy inserts made of single carbide hard alloy В35 (92%WC+8%Co), tetrahedral in the state of supply. The subject of the study is the relationship between the changes of the magnetic component of the properties of a single-carbide hard alloy В35 (92%WC+8%Co) depending on the effect of high temperatures on it. This study is based on the laws of physics of the division of electrodynamics, as well as well-known non-destructive testing techniques, scientific foundations of material science. All studies are carried out in accredited laboratories of Tyumen Industrial University. The reliability of the obtained data is confirmed by the high correlation of the results of numerical values with the data obtained by the scientific predecessors. Research methodology. The paper shows the developed plant for determination of the maximum operability temperature of replaceable cutting hard-alloy inserts on the basis of study of change of electromagnetic properties. The method of research is given. Tests of the specimen are carried out during heating of replaceable cutting inserts made of tungsten hard alloy B35 (92%WC+8%Co). The heating temperature interval is selected in accordance with the temperature mode of the cutting process in the blade treatment of hard-to-process materials. Thus, heating is carried out in the range from 0 to 1000˚ C. The heating itself is carried out by the flame method manually. Results and discussions. Based on the results of experimental studies, tables of the results are compiled, where, with an interval of 10 °C, the corresponding values of the magnetic field of eddy currents induced in replaceable cutting inserts made of tungsten hard alloy B35 (92 %WC+8 %Co) are indicated. The results of the investigation are obtained to determine the maximum operability temperature of replaceable cutting hard alloy inserts based on the study of the change in electromagnetic properties for the hard alloy B35 (92%WC+8%Co) amounted to 460…730 °C, which corresponds to a cutting speed of 18 m/min during the treatment of the alloy EI867-VD (57 %Ni9 %Mo10 %Cr6 %W4.2 %Al4 %Co). On the basis of persistent tests in factory conditions, it is proved that the developed technique allows determining temperature intervals of maximum operability based on the study of changes in electromagnetic properties (magnetic field of eddy currents arising in replaceable cutting inserts) of hard alloys. These intervals make it possible to assign the most appropriate operating conditions for the cutting tool based on a scientifically sound technique that allows using the maximum tool resource.

Development of Energy Saving Technologies for Smart Buildings by Using Computer Algebra

Intelligent energy saving and energy efficient technologies are a modern large-scale global trend in the development of energy systems. Accurate estimates of energy savings are important for promoting energy-efficient construction projects and demonstrating their economic potential. The growing digital measurement infrastructure used in commercial buildings increases the availability of high-frequency data that can be employed for anomaly detection, diagnostics of equipment, heating systems, and ventilation, as well as optimization of air conditioning. This implies the application of modern machine learning methods capable of generating more accurate energy consumption forecasts for buildings to improve their energy efficiency. In this paper, based on the gradient boosting model, a method for modeling and forecasting energy consumption of buildings is proposed and computer algorithms for its software implementation in the SymPy computer algebra system are developed. To assess the efficiency of the proposed algorithms, a dataset that characterizes energy consumption of 300 commercial buildings is used. Results of computer simulations show that these algorithms improve the accuracy of energy consumption forecasts in more than 80% of cases as compared to other machine learning algorithms.

Development of Energy Saving Technologies for Steel Wire Heat Treatment

This article presents the development of energy-saving induction heating technology to accelerate significantly the process of heat treatment of steel wire. The analysis of international trends and prospects of the use of induction heating shows a steady expansion of the applied induction technologies in metallurgy. The article considers the advantages of induction heating in comparison with other competitive technologies. Heat treatment in electro-technical induction units is determined by the interrelated electrical and thermal processes in them, the complex nature of the distribution of internal heat sources, the dependence of the nature of the power distribution of the induction unit on the temperature of the products processed. The features of the applicated in the induction method of heating in the hardware industry for objects previously unused: such as coils of wire and riots of calibrated steel. The results of the study show the influence of the induction method of heating on temperature-time factors to the formation of the structure, to increase the uniformity of heating and the quality of heat treatment of steel wire, calibrated steel in riots, taking into account the technological problem. The authors give the assessment of the effectiveness of medium and high-frequency induction heating of steel wire of various diameters. The evaluation of the increase in the efficiency of an induction heating unit with the simultaneous heat treatment of several filaments of steel wire of the same diameter, combined into a bundle, was made.

Development of energy-saving technology to maintain the functioning of a wind-solar electrical system

An integrated system to support the functioning of a wind-solar electric system has been designed, based on predicting a change in the capacity of a rechargeable battery when measuring voltage at the input to a hybrid charge controller, voltage at the output from an inverter and the frequency of voltage. Taking preliminary decisions to support the capacity of a rechargeable battery related to a change in the capacity of a thermoelectric battery is based on establishing the ratio of voltage at the input to a hybrid charge controller to voltage at the output from the inverter, which are measured. A change in the rotational speed of the electric motor of the circulating pump has been ensured in terms of changes in consumption and the temperature of heated water by reducing charge duration by up to 30 %. An integrated mathematical and logical modelling of a wind-solar electric system has been performed, based on the mathematical substantiation of the architecture of a technological system and the mathematical substantiation to support the operation of a wind-solar electrical system. The basis for the proposed technological system is a dynamic subsystem that includes the following components: a wind-energy installation, a photoelectrical electrical module, a hybrid charge controller, and an inverter, an array of rechargeable batteries, a thermoelectric battery. The time constants and the coefficients for mathematical models of the dynamics have been determined related to a change in the capacity of a rechargeable battery, the rotational speed of the electric motor of the circulating pump, and consumption of local water. A functional assessment has been derived for a change in the capacity of a rechargeable battery, the rotational speed of the electric motor of the circulating pump, consumption of local water related to a change in the temperature of local water in the range of 30–70 °C. Defining the resulting functional information on forecasting a change in the capacity of a rechargeable battery makes it possible to take the following preliminary decisions: about changing the rotational speed of the electric motor of the circulating pump, about changing the consumption of local water. Maintaining the capacity of a rechargeable battery is carried out based on adjusting the generation and consumption of energy.

Modeling the implementation of investment projects with energy-saving orientation

One of the main ways to shape the competitiveness of an enterprise is to reduce production costs. A significant component of such costs are the costs of energy consumption. Therefore, the ability to control energy saving in the economic activity of the enterprise is a task of great importance. The development of energy-saving technologies, which are low-cost for this type of resource of energy-consuming machine systems, is conducted, as a rule, on a project basis, and the implementation of such projects must be carried out according to certain rules. An important principle is the need to determine the rational volumes of all types of resources attracted to the project. The solution to this problem is very difficult and time consuming. The use of economic and mathematical models of various classes can help reducing the risks and complexity of solving the problem. One of the promising types of design modeling of the development of both energy producing and energy consuming enterprises is S-modeling or modeling based on logistic dynamics. Today, undeservedly little attention is paid to this type of model. The proposed article presents methodological developments that can increase the interest in using this type of modeling in practice. Methods and models proposed in the work were tested on a really implemented project of organizational development, which increases their value.

Trends in the development of energy-saving technologies in metallurgy

The purpose of the analysis is to identify trends in the development of metallurgical production and the use of energy-saving metallurgical technologies. It is shown that the world continues a steady trend of increasing steel production. This indicates an increase in metal consumption in industry. Despite the downward trend in steel production in Ukraine, the attention of metallurgists to the use of energy-saving technologies has not diminished. Trends and examples of the use of energy-saving technologies in world practice in comparison with trends in domestic metallurgy are given. Perspective technologies of blast furnace, steelmaking and rolling production are shown. Their advantages and disadvantages are noted. It is shown that the production volumes of metallurgical products are closely related to the technical level of production and the structure of steel smelting. It is noted that the development trends of domestic metallurgical production on a general basis coincide with the development trends of world metallurgy. The advantages and disadvantages of domestic ferrous metallurgy are shown. The directions of scientific research of the Iron and Steel Institute named after Z.I. Nekrasov NAS of Ukraine (ISI), which correspond to global trends in the development of metallurgy and cover the whole range of problems in the production of metal products. The developments are comprehensive, which is a very important advantage in the modern world. The ISI has a serious scientific potential for the latest modern technological and technical solutions for domestic metallurgical production, which are already at the development stage adapted to existing technological and raw materials conditions and their changes. Most of the new developments in technological content and intellectual level of implementation are not inferior to world analogues.

外墙保温节能技术的发展研究

外墙保温节能技术的发展研究

Technology development for electric vehicles under new energy vehicle credit regulation in China: scenarios through 2030

The newly launched new energy vehicle credit regulation scheme is expected to have a dramatic impact on the development of the Chinese and global new energy vehicle markets. This paper establishes a bottom-up framework to estimate the impacts of regulation on the technological trends of battery electric vehicles based on the most up-to-date data from the market in China. The results suggest that mini-electric cars will always be the most credit cost-effective. Moreover, 350 km will be the optimal driving range under the credit regulation. With the development of energy-saving technologies, midsize electric vehicles will increase in popularity before 2020 and be the first to receive the highest credit of 6. Additionally, promoted by the regulation, the investment in energy-saving technologies will reduce the cost of batteries and lead to higher credits, especially for large-class and high electric range vehicles. However, the regulation likely faces the risk of losing this positive effect in 2025 or even earlier. To avoid such a circumstance, the relevant policies should be modified before such a scenario occurs.

Development of energy-saving technology for maintaining the functioning of heat pump power supply

An integrated system of maintaining functioning of heat pump power supply based on prediction of a change of local water temperature was developed. A change in refrigerant vapor flow rate, the number of rotations of the electric motor of the compressor occurs at measuring of the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the condenser, evaporation pressure, condensation pressure and voltage frequency. Comprehensive mathematic modeling of the heat pump system, based on the integrated system of maintaining soil heat discharge at the level of 8–10 °C was performed. Refrigerant flow rate, compressor motor power, voltage, voltage frequency, the number of rotations of electric motor of the compressor, coefficients of efficiency of a heat pump system for the established levels of functioning were determined. Parameters of convective heat exchange in the condenser, time constants and coefficients of the mathematical models of dynamics of a change in local water temperature, refrigerant flow rate, the number of rotations of the electric motor of the compressor were established. The functional estimation of a change in local water temperature in the range of 35–55 °C within the heating season, refrigerant vapor flow rate, the number of rotations of the electric motor of the compressor was obtained. Determining of the resulting functional information allows makes it possible to obtain the following advancing decisions: to maintain a change in evaporation pressure to change the refrigerant vapor flow rate for digital control; to maintain a change in evaporation pressure to change the refrigerant vapor flow rate and to change voltage frequency on a change of the number of rotations of the electric motor of the compressor for frequency control. That is why prediction of a change in local water temperature based on measurement of the refrigerant temperature at the outlet of the condenser was proposed. This estimation in the ratio with the measured evaporation pressure is included in analytical determining of refrigerant flow rate and the number of rotations of the electric motor of the compressor. Obtaining such estimation and measurement of frequency voltage makes it possible to make an advancing influence on coordination of functioning of the internal and external circuits of a heat pump system both at digital and frequency control.

Energy efficiency in civil engineering: analyzing world experience

There are consistent trends in the development of energy-saving technologies in civil engineering in almost all countries of the world. The article considers the main approaches to ensuring energy efficiency in in civil engineering, analyzes the standards of energy-efficient construction in the world in general and in Russia in particular, and gives some recommendations on increasing energy efficiency in engineering.

Разработка энергосберегающих технологий осушения сжатого воздуха в процессе компримирования и подготовки для использования в промышленности и на транспорте

Разработка энергосберегающих технологий осушения сжатого воздуха в процессе компримирования и подготовки для использования в промышленности и на транспорте

Development of energy-saving technology to support functioning of the lead-acid batteries

Based on mathematical and logical modeling, a technological support system for changing the battery capacity based on the prediction of voltage variation in measuring the temperature of electrolyte in the volume of the batteries was developed in the com-position of a technological system for battery operation. The developed technology makes it possible: to control operational capacity of the accumulator battery in order to obtain a functional assessment of change in the total charge and discharge voltage; to obtain an integrated reference estimation of change in the charge and discharge volt-age; to develop an integrated system for assessing a change in the voltage of the battery, which enables maintaining capacity of the accumulator battery when measuring the temperature of electrolyte at the input to the battery. The limiting temperature change of electrolyte, – 35 °C, was determined at charging with direct current supply and a limit-ing voltage change for a further charge and discharge was established with a change in the consumption of electric energy. The use of an integrated system for the estimation of voltage change obtained based on the alignment between electrochemical and diffusion processes of discharge and charge makes it possible to take timely decisions on recharg-ing to prevent recharge and unacceptable discharge. Coordination of the electrochemi-cal and diffusion processes that accompany charging and discharging of the battery makes it possible, for example under conditions of functioning of a wind power plant with a capacity of 10 kW, to reduce the cost of production of energy and the payback period of the wind power plant by up to 25 % due to a reduction of the charge period and prevention of gas formation.

Development of a Turbine Prototype for the Use of the Compressed Gas Energy at the Oil and Gas Fields

Background: The relevance of the study is determined by the search for new1 ways to generate energy without burning hydrocarbons. The article is aimed at revealing opportunities for additional energy during gas expansion. Method: The main methods for studying this problem are the analytical and experimental methods that allow considering comprehensively the issues of compressed gas energy conversion into thermal energy. Experimental turbine prototypes with loop blades are used for the bench studies. Uniqueness of the problem under consideration lies in the fact that the gas flow penetrating into the inner cavity of the turbine impeller repeatedly interacts with the impeller blades. Findings: The article presents a developed and patented turbine design, demonstration micro-models with electro-mechanical transmission options, discloses the possibilities of the turbine impeller weight reduction, identified new opportunities to address the issue of the rotor balancing, and confirmed experimentally the performance of the created turbine. It also describes the trends in research and development related to the use of loop blades. Improvements: The research results are of practical interest for the development of energy-saving technologies in oil and gas production, especially in the offshore fields and can be used for solving power engineering and robotics tasks.